大白鼠小肠壁内毛细淋巴管的超微结构

目的：研究小肠壁内毛细淋巴管的超微结构，从形态学方面探讨小肠淋巴的形成机理。方法：大白鼠10只，采用透射电镜生物样品制作技术，制成半簿切片用光镜观察及超簿切片用电镜观察，并用多功能图像分析系统做定量分析。结果：大白鼠小肠壁内毛细淋巴管的超微结构具有毛细淋巴管超微结构的一般特点，内皮细胞间的连接方式主要有端端连接、重叠连接和插入连接三种形式。毛细淋巴管内皮细胞内的囊胞有三种分布形式，(1)游离于胞质内，(2)向管腔外开放，(3)向管腔内开放。囊泡的平均直径为0．721μm，体密度为0．0729μm^3／μm^3，数密度为20．5／μm^3。结论：在正常大白鼠小肠，组织液主要通过囊泡的转运和内皮细胞间的连接间隙两种方式进入毛细淋巴管腔。     

大鼠微血栓形成对内皮细胞功能的影响

静脉注射高分子右旋糖酐复制大鼠微循环障碍动物模型。观察肠系膜微循环，计数循环内皮细胞（CEC），测定血浆内皮素（ET），内皮源性舒血管内子（EDRF）水平，对心内膜，主动脉，肠系膜微血管进行病理学检查，发现肠系膜微血管内血流缓慢，血细胞聚集成团，有微血栓形成，微血栓K值（22．95±3．3）明显低于对照组（3．04±0．81）；心，血管内膜缺损；CEC计数，血浆ET，EDRP水平分别为13．70±7．82（个／0．9μl),160．42±10．70（ng/L)和3．48±0．34（μmol/L)，与对照组5．33±2．34（P＜0．01），123．10±11．74（P＜0．0001）和4．08±0．44（P＜0．05）比较有显著性差异。提示；微血栓形成不仅导致微循环障碍，还导致内皮细胞损伤，功能障碍，促进血小板粘附，聚集和血栓形成，可能是伴有微血栓形成的冠心病病人心肌梗塞发生率高的重要因素。     

左精氨酸对体外循环中肺的保护作用

研究左精氨酸（L-Arg）对兔体外循环（CPB）中肺的保护作用并探讨其机制．方法：采用兔CPB模型，给予L-Arg，测定肺组织的丙二醛（MDA），髓过氧化物酶（MPO），磷脂酶A2（PLA2），一氧化氮（NO）含量及肺组织的湿干重量之比．结果：CPB＋L-Arg组肺组织MDA含量（61．2±9．5）mmol／g明显低于CPB组（139．4±17．0）mmol／g，P＜0．01；MPO含量（5．9±0．9）IU／g明显低于CPB组（9．4±0．6）IU／g，P＜0．01；PLA2含量（8．8±1．0）IU与CPB组（12．2±3．0）IU相比差异显著（P＜0．01）；而NO含量（18．1±2．5）mmol／g明显高于CPB组（8．4±3．8）mmol／g，P＜0．01；湿干比值CPB＋L-Arg组（5．3±1．2）明显低于CPB组（8．5±2．1），P＜0．05．结论：动物实验提示CPB期间存在肺缺血／再灌注损伤，给予L-Arg可减轻肺损伤，具有保护作用．     

雷公藤抑制免疫排斥反应的实验研究

采用15％雷公藤煎剂和40μg／ml、100μg／ml、500μg／ml雷公藤总甙对供鼠皮片浸泡孵化，在昆明种小鼠和DBA褐色小鼠间进行皮片移植，观察雷公藤对同种皮片移植免疫排斥的抑制作用．结果，雷公藤煎剂孵化皮片能显著延长移植物的存活时间，两种小鼠皮片移植后存活时间分别为22．31±3．60天、21．50±3．40天，与对照组（13．20±2．25天、11．81±27．5天）相比有显著意义（P＜0．01）；40μg／ml雷公藤总甙孵化后皮片存活时间为17.54±1．44天，100μg／ml为19．84±2.63天，500μg／ml为20．91±3．80天；雷公藤总甙孵化加腹腔注射，每天40μg／20g，小鼠为21．35±2.08天，100μg为22.34±2.75天，500μg为19.82±1．14天，与对照组（12.83±0.80天、11．96±1．75天）相比均有显著差异（P＜0．01）；雷公藤总甙单纯孵化各组与孵化加腹腔注射相比，除40μg／ml组（P＜0．05）外，存活时间无明显差别（P＞0.05）。表明雷公藤可明显延长皮片存活时间，且单纯孵育即可获得良好效果。     

肾病综合征鼠骨代谢变化特点及芪归合剂对其的作用

 【目的】 探讨肾病综合征（NS）鼠骨代谢的变化特点及芪归合剂对其的作用。【方法】 制备大鼠阿霉素NS模型，设模型组、激素治疗组、芪归治疗组、激素芪归治疗组及正常对照组，每组8只，用药时间为3周。测量各组尿蛋白、血生化指标和右股骨长度；用HologicQDR-2000＋DEXA行股骨全段骨密度（BMD）测定；以放射免疫法测定血清骨钙素（OC）、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端伸展肽（PINP）、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端关联肽原（ICTP）水平。【结果】 模型组股骨长度（3．35±0．09）cm，低于正常组（3．53±0．11）cm（P〈0．05）；芪归治疗组（3．46±0．09）cm，高于模型组（P〈0．05）；激素芪归组（3．28±0．07）cm，高于激素治疗组（3．16±0．11）cm（P〈0．01）；激素治疗组低于模型组（P〈0．05）。模型组股骨全段BMD（0．1357±0．0137）g/cm^2，低于正常组（0．1599±0．0101）g／cm^2（P〈0．01）；激素治疗组（0．1208±0．0123）g／cm^2，低于模型组（P〈0．05）。模型组血OC（16．31±3．87）μg，L和PINP（2．02±0．51）μg/L水平，低于正常组，分别（31．49±4．16）μg/L、（3．58±0．46）μg/L（P〈0．01）；芪归治疗组血OC（25．90±8．26）μg/L和PINP（3．42±1．07）μg/L水平，高于模型组（分别P〈0．05和P〈0．01）；激素芪归组血OC（12．01±1．97）μg/L和PINP（2．47±0．88）μg/L水平，高于激素治疗组，分别（6．12±3．26）μg/L、（1．63±0．74）μg/L（P〈0．05）；激素治疗组低于模型组（P〈0．05）。激素治疗组的ICTP（10．15±3．77）μg/L高于模型组（8．71±3．29）μg/L（P〈0．05）。【结论】NS鼠存在骨代谢的异常，激素治疗使骨代谢异常进一步加剧，而芪归合剂治疗对其有改善作用。     

肺微血管内皮细胞表型改变与博菜霉素所致大鼠肺纤维化的关系

目的：观察博莱霉素所致肺纤维化大鼠微血管内皮细胞（LMVECs）超微结构及血清CTGF的变化，探讨肺微血管内皮细胞表型及与博莱霉素损伤肺纤维化间的关系．方法：SD大鼠45只，随机分为3组：博莱霉素（BLM）组，肺炎链球菌组及正常对照组，每组15只，分别气管滴注博莱霉素及肺炎链球菌造模，对照组滴注生理盐水．电镜观察外周肺组织内皮细胞超微结构，同时测定血清CTGF含量．结果：光镜及电镜显示肺炎组与BLM组的不同改变．肺炎组组织学及肺微血管内皮细胞超微结构表现为典型的急性炎症损伤修复，之后肺组织结构恢复正常．BLM组表现为肺组织损伤的持续进行，肺微血管内皮细胞7d开始增殖并出现形态学的改变，且贯穿实验各个阶段，最终胶原明显沉积于肺泡间隔．血清CTGF测定：肺炎组3d开始增高，第7d骤降至（5．04±0．82）ng／L，第21d恢复至（12．06±0．43）ng／L．BLM组全程增高，第7d至（12．53±2．36）ng／L，第21d增至高峰（19．45±0．41）ng／L．结论：肺微血管内皮细胞功能的转变及其分泌CTGF时相和量的异常可能是博莱霉素所致肺纤维化发生发展的重要环节．     

肝硬化门静脉血流方向与血浆胰岛素水平的关系

通过直、间接门静脉造影确定28例肝硬化门静脉高压患者。向肝性血流组5例，双向性血流组8例和远肝性血流组15例，其血浆胰岛素值分别为22．4±6．2％μm／ml，24．3±8．3μm／ml和26．4±10．3μm／ml。其中远肝性血流组中10例患者血浆胰岛素值超过28．5μm／ml，平均为31．2±5．2μm／ml，它与向肝性血流组有显著差异（P＜0．05），所以证明血浆胰岛素增高与门静脉血流方向（分流多少）呈正向关性。     

运动疗法联用二甲双胍对135例肥胖糖耐量减低及代谢干预作用

目的：评价运动疗法联用二甲双胍对肥胖糖耐量减低干预作用。方法：将肥胖糖耐量减低人群随机分成治疗组135人，给予有氧代谢运动——步行；每天快步走3000m，30min以上，每周运动5次，口服二甲双胍（745±26）mg／d。对照组125人，口服月见革油胶丸（2800±120）mg／d，po。随访1～1．5年，观察2组治疗前后空腹血糖、口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）、糖脂代谢和胰岛素敏感性差异。结果：治疗组糖耐量减低明显提高，2组间明显差异[空腹血糖（5．4±0．8）mmol／Lvs5（6．2±0．5）mmol／L，P〈0．05；OGTT（6．3±1．6）mmol／L v（9．2±-1．3）mmol／L，P〈0．05，治疗组体重指数、腰围、游离脂肪酸低于对照组[（26．2±1．8）kg／m^2 vs（28．3±1．5）kg／m^2,P〈0．05；（92±7）cm vs（95±6）cm，P〈0．05；（547±183）μmol／L vs（619±197）μmol／L，P〈0．05]，胰岛素敏感性明显改善（51±12 vs 46±3,P〈0．05）。结论：运动疗法减轻肥胖，使血中游离脂肪酸减少，增加胰岛素敏感性，提高糖耐量；二甲基双胍改善胰岛索敏感性通过降低甘油酯、游离脂肪酸发挥作用。二者均减重效应，增加胰岛素敏感性，达到协同作用。建议扩大在社区中预防肥胖糖耐量异常的人群．以防发展成2型糖尿病。     

卵蛋白致敏哮喘豚鼠淋巴细胞白介素-2活性增强及其机制

建立了卵蛋白致敏哮喘豚鼠动物模型，并对其淋巴细胞白介素－2诱生能力和白介素－2mRNA的表达进行观察。结果显示致敏哮喘豚鼠腹腔灌洗细胞和支气管肺泡灌洗细胞主要是酸性粒细胞和淋巴细胞；致敏哮喘豚鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液（22．56±2．44ng／ml）和腹腔灌洗液（20．28±3．24ng／ml）的淋巴细胞白介素－2分泌水平均明显高于生理盐水对照组支气管肺泡灌洗液（14．23±4．71ng／ml，P＜0．05）和腹腔灌洗液（10．37±2．48ng／ml，P＜0．05）的淋巴细胞白介素－2分泌水平。哮喘豚鼠腹腔淋巴细胞与支气管肺泡淋巴细胞的白介素－2分泌水平呈正相关（r＝0．66，P＜0．05）。采用PT－PCR方法发现，哮喘豚鼠腹腔灌洗细胞白介素－2mRNA的表达（2799±678cpm）显著高于生理盐水对照组淋巴细胞（611±103cpm，P＜0．01）。本研究提示哮喘豚鼠白介素－2活性的增高是其淋巴细胞白介素－2mRNA表达增高的结果，增高的白介素－2可在酸性粒细胞募集中发挥作用。     

维拉帕米对豚鼠离体心肌动作电位3相的影响

研究维拉帕米对豚鼠心肌动作电位3相的影响。将14只豚鼠按维拉帕米灌流和先尼可地尔灌流，然后同时加维拉帕米继续灌流两组，结果：维拉帕米灌流后豚鼠心肌细胞动作电位APD20由86±16ms缩短为对71±14ms（n＝7，P＜0．01），APD50由152±24ms缩短为140±26ms（n＝7，P＜0.01），APD90由182±28ms变为183±26ms（n＝7,P＞0．05）；尼可地尔灌流后豚鼠心肌细胞动作电位APD50由154±33ms缩短为122±34ms（n＝7，P＜0．01），APD90由186±37ms缩短为154±36ms（n＝7，P＜0．01）；在尼可地尔灌流后继续同时灌流维拉帕米，可见APD50由121±35ms进一步缩短为96±32ms（P＜0．01），APD90由153±37ms缩短成115±34ms（P＜0．01）。结论：结果提示维拉帕米能相对延长豚鼠心肌细胞动作电位3相时程，尼可地尔能抑制这种作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.