腹腔镜手术治疗老年急性坏疽性胆囊炎

目的 总结应用腹腔镜技术治疗老年急性坏疽性胆囊炎的临床效果和手术经验.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2012年11月应用腹腔镜技术治疗老年急性坏疽性胆囊炎15例的临床资料.结果 行腹腔镜胆囊切除术10例,胆囊部分切除术5例.手术均获得成功,无中转开腹,无严重心肺并发症发生.术后胆漏1例,7d后出院.结论 根据术中情况,胆囊减压,应用超声刀顺逆结合切除或大部分切除胆囊是安全的,腹腔镜手术是治疗老年急性坏疽性胆囊炎有效的方法.     

急性坏疽性胆囊炎腹腔镜治疗体会（附20例报告）

目的探讨腹腔镜治疗急性坏疽性胆囊炎的手术技巧性。方法回顾性分析我院自2006年4月至2007年7月LC治疗急性坏疽性胆囊炎20例临床资料。结果本组无一例中转开腹手术。1例由于胆囊壁已大部分坏疽、无法完整切除胆囊故行胆囊大部分切除，胆囊床电凝烧灼，术后无并发症发生，术后住院时间（除胆总管结石病例）3-5d。结论在急性坏疽性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除时，联合使用超声刀、吸引器等方法。可减少出血，保持解剖清晰，提高安全、降低中转开腹率，值得进一步推广和应用。     

高龄急性化脓坏疽性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜手术与开腹手术的对比分析

目的:对比分析腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗高龄急性化脓坏疽性胆囊炎患者的优越性。方法:回顾分析115例急性化脓坏疽性胆囊炎高龄患者的临床资料。其中60例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC组),55例行开腹胆囊切除术(open cholecystectomy,OC组),对比分析两组患者术中与术后等情况。结果:115例手术均获成功。两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及术后恢复情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗高龄急性化脓坏疽性胆囊炎具有手术时间短、术中出血少、术后肠道功能恢复快、痛苦轻及住院时间短等优点,临床经验丰富、腹腔镜技术掌握熟练的术者首选腹腔镜手术治疗。     

腹腔镜胆囊大部切除治疗急性坏疽性胆囊炎的临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊大部切除治疗急性坏疽性胆囊炎的临床疗效.方法 回顾120例急性坏疽性胆囊炎患者实施腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术后、观察其疗效及并发症的发生率.结果 120例急性坏疽性胆囊炎患者均成功施行腹腔镜胆囊大部切除、手术成功率为100%.平均手术时间(60.2±29.2) min、平均住院时间4～7 d、平均引流管留置时间2～5 d.术后无并发症发生.除择期手术组与急诊手术组手术时间(35.0±10.0) min vs.(55.0±12.0) min两组差异有统计学意义,P<0.05外,其他无统计学意义.结论 腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术治疗急性坏疽性胆囊炎是安全、有效的方法之一.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术及部分切除术治疗胆囊复杂疾病的对比研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊部分切除术在胆囊复杂疾病患者中的应用价值。方法:将2009年1月至2013年1月收治的80例胆囊复杂疾病患者随机分为两组,每组40例,A组行腹腔镜胆囊部分切除术,B组行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。观察两组临床疗效及术后并发症发生情况。结果:两组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);B组术中出血量[(86.4±11.6)ml]显著高于A组[(44.9±16.1)ml](P<0.05)。B组7例中转开腹,8例术后发生并发症;A组1例中转开腹,术后1例发生并发症,两组相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组中急性化脓性胆囊炎、急性坏疽性胆囊炎、慢性萎缩性胆囊炎患者间的术中出血量、手术时间、中转开腹情况及术后并发症等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆囊部分切除术治疗复杂胆囊病变可减少术中出血,有效避免中转开腹,减少术后并发症的发生。     

胆囊大部切除术在老年急性坏疽性胆囊炎治疗中的价值

目的 探讨老年患者急性坏疽性胆囊炎行急诊胆囊大部切除术的价值。方法 回顾性总结和分析我院2004年6月至2012年6月间37例老年患者急性坏疽性胆囊炎Calot三角冰冻样黏连时行胆囊大部切除的临床资料。结果 37例中,22例行开腹胆囊大部切除术,15例行腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术（其中术中行胆道造影5例）,均顺利完成。1例术后出现胆漏,予以引流后自行愈合;其他术后无严重并发症发生。结论 老年患者急性坏疽性胆囊炎Calot三角呈冰冻样黏连时,选择胆囊大部切除术是安全可行且有效的,可减少出血及胆管损伤。     

急性结石性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术182例临床分析

目的：总结急性结石性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscop ic cholecystectomy,LC）的手术经验。方法：为182例急性结石性胆囊炎患者行LC,必要时中转开腹。结果：177例成功施行LC,5例中转开腹,全组均无胆管损伤、术后出血及胆漏等并发症发生,无死亡病例。结论：只要具备熟练的腹腔镜手术技术,为急性结石性胆囊炎患者行LC是安全、可靠的。     

急性胆囊炎的腹腔镜手术技巧

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopy cholecystectomy,LC)治疗急性胆囊炎的安全性和手术技巧.方法:回顾分析1992至2002年间我院收治的急性胆囊炎行LC手术823例.结果:本组病例共中转开腹76例,术后出血2例,术后漏胆4例,经保守或再次手术治愈.结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎是安全的,提高手术技巧有利于降低中转开腹率和减少并发症.     

急性坏疽性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术技巧与体会

目的探讨急性坏疽性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的手术技巧与体会。方法选取2011-01—2017-12间在宜阳县中医院接受LC的62例急性坏疽性胆囊炎患者,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 60例(96.77%)成功完成LC,中转开腹2例(3.23%)。手术时间30~150 min,平均58 min。未发生胆总管损伤、继发出血、胆漏等并发症。术后住院3~8 d,均顺利出院。结论对急性坏疽性胆囊炎患者行LC,是安全有效的。熟练掌握LC的操作技巧可提高手术成功率。     

腹腔镜胆囊部分切除术在复杂胆囊手术中的应用

目的：探讨分析腹腔镜胆囊部分切除术在复杂胆囊手术中的应用价值。 方法：收治的80例复杂胆囊疾病患者,随机分成腹腔镜胆囊部分切除组（A组）和腹腔镜胆囊全切除术组（B组）,各组40例。观察两组临床疗效及术后不良事件的发生情况。 结果：A组与B组手术时间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;B组术中平均出血量（87.3±12.5）mL,A组术中平均出血量（45.8±15.7）mL,B组明显高于A组（P<0.05）。B组术中6例中转开腹,7例术后发生并发症;A组术中无中转开腹者,术后1例患者发生并发症;两组中转开腹、术后并发症比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组中急性化脓性胆囊炎、急性坏疽性胆囊炎、慢性萎缩性胆囊炎3类患者所在术中出血量、手术时间、中转开腹情况及术后并发症等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论：腹腔镜部分切除术在不同类型的复杂胆囊病变中均能够减少术中出血,有效避免中转开腹,降低了术后并发症的发生,值得推广。     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute inflammation of the gallbladder.

OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with acute inflammation of the gallbladder. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the standard treatment for symptomatic gallbladder disease. Its role in the surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis has not been defined, although a number of recent reports suggest that there should be few contraindications to an initial laparoscopic approach. METHODS. All patients presenting with symptomatic cholelithiasis from October 1990 until June 1992 were evaluated at laparoscopy with intention of proceeding to a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The gross appearance of the gallbladder was categorized as acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, or no inflammation. Ninety-eight (23.4%) of 418 patients had acute inflammation of the gallbladder: 55 were edematous, 10 were gangrenous, 15 had a mucocele, and 18 had an empyema. RESULTS. The authors assessed outcome in these patients. The frequency of conversion to an open operation was 33.7% for acute inflammation, 21.7% for chronic inflammation (p < 0.05), and 4% for no inflammation (p < 0.001). The conversion rate was highest for empyema (83.3%) and gangrenous cholecystitis (50%), while the conversion rate for edematous cholecystitis was 21.8% and for acute inflammation with a mucocele it was 7%. The median operation time for successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute inflammation was 105 minutes, which was longer than that with no inflammation (90 minutes). However, the incidence of complications was not different from that for chronic or no inflammation. The median postoperative stay for patients with acute gallbladder inflammation was 2 days for successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 7 days for patients converted to an open operation. CONCLUSIONS. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute inflammation of the gallbladder is safe and is associated with a significantly shorter postoperative stay compared to open surgery. A greater number of patients required conversion to open operation compared to those with no obvious inflammation. Conversion to open operation was most frequent for empyema and gangrenous cholecystitis, suggesting that once this diagnosis is made, excessive time should not be spent in laparoscopic trial dissection before converting to an open operation.     

Electrosurgical laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Though laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become widespread, questions remain as to its success rate, its role in acute cholecystitis, the role of cholangiography, and whether laser use is necessary. To attempt to answer these questions, the first 100 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Emory University using electrosurgical diathermy were reviewed. Patients underwent cholecystectomy for biliary colic (87), gallstone pancreatitis (1), and acute cholecystitis (12). The average length of hospital stay was 29 hours (range: 12 hours to 5 days). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was not possible in 7 patients because of gangrenous cholecystitis (2), adhesions from previous surgery (2), equipment failure (2), and choledochoduodenal fistula found at surgery (1). Two patients developed bile leaks from accessory bile ducts that healed spontaneously. There were no other complications. The average time required to complete the laparoscopic cholecystectomy was 115 minutes (range: 45 to 238 minutes) and was not significantly different in those patients undergoing intraoperative cholangiography (117 minutes) versus those without (109 minutes). Common duct stones were uncommon in this series. Thirty-three patients underwent intraoperative cholangiogram. One patient was found to have a common duct stone, which was pushed into the duodenum using a Fogarty catheter (American Edwards Laboratories; Anasco, Puerto Rico) inserted through the cystic duct at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Twelve patients with acute cholecystitis underwent an attempt at laparoscopic cholecystectomy that was successful in nine. These procedures were difficult and lengthy (mean of 143 minutes). Causes for failure were gangrenous cholecystitis (2) and equipment failure (1). In conclusion, laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed with a high success rate (93%) and low morbidity (2%). No complications seemed attributable to electrosurgical dissection.     

Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the appropriate management for acute gangrenous cholecystitis

Treatment of severe acute cholecystitis by laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains controversial because of technical difficulties and high rates of complications. We determined whether early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is appropriate for acute gangrenous cholecystitis. The medical records of 116 patients with acute gangrenous cholecystitis admitted to the Korea University Guro Hospital between January 2005 and December 2009 were reviewed. The early operation group, those patients who had cholecystectomies within 4 days of the diagnosis, was compared with the delayed operation group, who had cholecystectomies 4 days after the diagnosis. Of the 116 patients, 57 were in the early operation group and 59 were in the delayed operation group. There were no statistical differences between the groups with respect to gender, age, body mass index, operative methods, major complications, duration of symptoms, mean operative time (98 vs 107 minutes), or postoperative hospital stay. However, the total hospital stay was significantly longer in the delayed operation group. More patients underwent preoperative percutaneous cholecystostomy in the delayed operation group (3.5 vs 15.3%). Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute gangrenous cholecystitis is safe and feasible. There is no advantage to postponing an urgent operation in patients with acute gangrenous cholecystitis.     

Can it wait until morning? A comparison of nighttime versus daytime cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis

Background

The urgency of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis is under debate. We hypothesized that nighttime cholecystectomy is associated with decreased length of stay.

Methods

Retrospective review of 1,140 patients at 2 large urban referral centers with acute cholecystitis who underwent daytime (7 am to 7 pm) versus nighttime (7 pm to 7 am) cholecystectomy was conducted.

Results

Nighttime cholecystectomy did not affect the overall length of stay (3.7 vs 3.8 days, P = .08) or complication rate (5% vs 7%, P = .5) versus daytime cholecystectomy. Nighttime cholecystectomy was associated with a higher conversion rate to open cholecystectomy (11% vs 6%, P = .008). On multivariable analysis, independent predictors of conversion to open surgery were nighttime cholecystectomy, age, and gangrenous cholecystitis (P = .01). The only predictor of complications was gangrenous cholecystitis (P = .02).

Conclusions

Nighttime cholecystectomy is associated with an increased conversion to open surgery without decrease in length of stay or complications. These findings suggest that laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis should be delayed until normal working hours.     

Gangrenous cholecystitis in the decade before and after the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND: Gangrenous cholecystitis is a severe form of acute cholecystitis with high morbidity. This study investigate the outcomes for patients undergoing cholecystectomy for gangrenous cholecystitis in the decade before and after the introduction of laparoscopic technology at our institution. METHODS: From 1982 to 2002, all patients undergoing cholecystectomy for gangrenous cholecystitis were prospectively entered into a database. Demographic data, method of surgery, and outcome variables were assessed and compared over time. RESULTS: Cholecystectomy was performed to treat gangrenous cholecystitis in 238 patients (mean age, 54 years). From 1982 to 1992, 98 patients underwent cholecystectomy for gangrenous cholecystitis, and from 1992 to 2002, 140 patients underwent the procedure. Ninety-seven patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and 33 patients (34%) required conversion. The open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy group differed in the number of intensive care unit admissions (13% vs. 5%, P < 0.05), overall length of hospital stay (10 vs. 5.7 days, P < 0.001) and rate of intraabdominal abscesses (8% vs. 0.7%). CONCLUSION: Gangrenous cholecystitis remains a disease with high morbidity. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy shortened hospital stay and can be offered without increasing morbidity. Methods to decrease intraabdominal abscess formation in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gangrenous cholecystitis are needed.     

Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute gangrenous cholecystitis

Treatment of severe acute cholecystitis by laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains controversial because of technical difficulties and high rates of complications and conversion to open cholecystectomy. We investigated whether early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is appropriate for acute gangrenous cholecystitis. Pathologic diagnoses and outcomes were analyzed in patients who underwent laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy at our hospital, January 2002 to September 2005. Of 30 patients with acute gangrenous cholecystitis, 16 underwent early laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 10 underwent open cholecystectomy, and 4 were converted to open cholecystectomy (conversion rate, 20.0%). There was no significant difference in operation time or intraoperative bleeding. The requirement for postoperative analgesics was significantly lower (6.4+/-7.3 vs. 1.5+/-1.2 doses, P<0.05) and hospital stay significantly shorter (8.6+/-2.1 vs. 15.6+/-6.3 d, P<0.01) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There were no postoperative complications in either group. Thus, early laparoscopic cholecystectomy seems appropriate for acute gangrenous cholecystitis. Conversion to open cholecystectomy may be required in difficult cases with complications.     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for severe acute cholecystitis. A meta-analysis of results

Objective The aim of this review was to evaluate surgical outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gangrenous and empyematous acute cholecystitis defined as severe acute cholecystitis. Background It is not known to what extent surgical outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for severe acute cholecystitis differ from those for the nonsevere acute form, making it questionable whether urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the best approach even in severe acute cases. Methods Literature searches were conducted to identify: (1) comparative studies which reported laparoscopic surgical outcomes separately for severe acute and nonsevere acute cholecystitis; (2) studies comparing such an approach with open cholecystectomy, subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy or cholecystostomy in severe acute cholecystitis. Results were pooled by standard meta-analytic techniques. Results Seven studies with a total of 1,408 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were found. The risks of conversion (RR 3.2, 95% CI 2.5 to 4.2) and overall postoperative complications (RR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.2) were significantly higher in severe acute cholecystitis with respect to the nonsevere acute forms. However, no difference was detected as regards to local postoperative complications. No studies comparing open cholecystectomy or cholecystostomy with urgent laparoscopy were found. Conclusion A lower feasibility of laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been found for severe cholecystitis. A lower threshold of conversion is recommended since this may allow to reduce local postoperative complications. Literature data lack valuable comparative studies with other treatment modalities, which therefore need to be investigated.