纯镁及镁合金材料用于骨组织工程的初步研究

目的探讨纯镁及镁合金材料作为骨组织工程支架材料的可行性。方法通过细胞毒性试验、遗传毒性实验、急性全身毒性试验、血液相容性试验评价材料的安全性。用直接接触的方法,通过AO/EB染色、扫描电镜、ALP活性测定考察材料的生物相容性。结果1%、10%、50%、100%镁及镁合金涂层材料浸提液作用MG63细胞24小时,细胞存活率均大于80%,细胞周期无改变,DNA无损伤。小鼠腹腔注射100%材料浸提液,72小时内无死亡,并且体重与空白对照组比无显著差异。100%纯镁材料浸提液和镁合金材料浸提液的溶血率分别为0.58%和0.33%。细胞复合材料,AO/EB染色观察到细胞在材料表面大量存活,形态正常。扫描电镜结果显示细胞种植于材料表面7天后,可以在材料表面伸展良好,分泌大量的细胞外基质,且ALP活性良好。结论纯镁材料和镁合金材料无细胞毒性和遗传毒性,无急性全身毒性,而不产生溶血现象。与细胞复合后,具有良好的生物相容性。     

组织工程自体骨修复兔大块骨缺损

目的:研究组织工程自体骨的植入对大块骨缺损修复的影响。方法:培养兔的自体原代骨髓间充质干细胞,制备壳聚糖-明胶网络/羟基磷灰石多孔材料-重组人BMP2(CS-Gel/HA-rhBMP-2)复合材料。将骨髓间充质干细胞作为种子细胞与CS-Gel/HA-rhBMP-2进行复合。截去兔桡骨中段7mm长度的骨组织,建立骨缺损动物实验模型。实验组(每只兔的右侧)植入CS-Gel/HA-rhBMP-2-种子细胞复合材料,对照组(每只兔的左侧)植入CS-Gel/HA材料,2组均不做内外固定,逐层缝合伤口。分别在术后第4、8和12周对缺损处进行X线评分和组织学评分。结果:术后第4周实验组X线和组织学评分与对照组相比差别无统计学意义,8周和12周实验组X线和组织学评分均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:实验中所用移植修复材料具有优异的骨传导性、骨诱导性,可以缩短骨缺损的修复时间。     

聚乙烯醇-胶原凝胶的研制及其作为组织替代材料的探讨

研制一种新型的聚乙烯醇-胶原复合材料。并探讨其作为组织替代材料的可行性。聚乙烯醇（PVA）与Ⅰ型胶原以一定比例混合，真空冷冻干燥成为凝胶状，并对其进行生物安全性评价试验：包括细胞毒性试验与体内埋植试验。结果现示：3T3绌胞任PVA-胶原材料中以含10％新生牛血清的DMEM培养液培养，细胞能三维生长、形态正常；材料体内埋植4周后异物反应消失，材料与周围组织互相融合。因此，PVA-胶原材料无毒副作用，具有良好的细胞相容性与组织相容性，可安全地应用于体内移植。     

Cytogenetic Evaluation of Bone Marrow Cells from Rats Exposed to Styrene Vapor for One Year

Cytogenetic Evaluation of Bone Marrow Cells from Rats Exposedto Styrene Vapor for One Year. Sinha, A.K., Jersey, G.C., Linscombe,V.A., Adams, R.L., Mueller, A.M. and McClintock, M.L. (1983).Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.. 3:95-98. This report presents the cytogeneticfindings in bone marrow cells of rats exposed to styrene vapor.Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0,600 and1000 ppm of styrene vapor by inhalation 6 hr per day, 5 daysa week, for a period of one yr. Blind scoring of metaphase spreadsprepared from bone marrow cells collected at the end of thelast exposure revealed that neither the 600 ppm nor the 1000ppm exposures to styrene vapor produced an incidence of chromosomalanomalies higher than those occurring spontaneously. It is interpretedthat styrene is non-clastogenic within the present exposureregimen.     

用综合评价方法构建医院药学人员绩效考核体系

目的:探索构建医院药学人员绩效考核体系。方法:通过德尔菲法咨询院内、外9位专家,确定绩效考核体系构建方法,即采用综合评价方法,包括平衡计分卡法、关键绩效指标法和360度考评法等方法,形成初步的考核指标及权重,再通过问卷方式调查北京市9家三级甲等综合医院360名药学工作人员(占药学工作人员总数的37%),确定最终的考核体系。结果:根据医院药学不同岗位的职责,确定了各岗位的绩效考核指标及权重,指标包括日常工作、顾客评价、内部流程和学习与成长4个维度,赋予日常工作指标总分100分,后3个维度的指标采用在第1个指标得分基础上加减分的方式,以分值占总分的比重来体现指标的权重,从而构建了一套绩效考核体系。结论:通过综合评价方法构建的医院药学人员绩效考核体系较为全面、客观,为实施有效的绩效管理打下基础。     

临床药师绩效评价指标体系构建方法综述

摘 要随着我国医院临床药师队伍的不断壮大,其在医疗服务中所发挥的作用也越来越重要,对其工作进行绩效评价也是当今医疗领域的热点话题之一。以现有文献为基础,对国内外临床药师绩效评价方法进行分析,发现其考核指标体系主要构建方法有德尔菲法、关联矩阵法、综合评价法、模糊综合评价法等,针对不同方法的不同特点,结合对不同医疗机构的分析本研究给出了不同背景、不同目的下比较适用的指标体系构建方法。     

Designing 3D Photopolymer Hydrogels to Regulate Biomechanical Cues and Tissue Growth for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

PURPOSE: Synthetic hydrogels fabricated from photopolymerization are attractive for tissue engineering for their controlled macroscopic properties, the ability to incorporate biological functionalities, and cell encapsulation. The goal of the present study was to exploit the attractive features of synthetic hydrogels to elucidate the role of gel structure and chemistry in regulating biomechanical cues. METHODS: Cartilage cells were encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels with different crosslinking densities. Cellular deformation was examined as a function of gel crosslinking. The effects of continuous versus intermittent dynamic loading regimens were examined. RGD, a cell adhesion peptide, was incorporated into PEG gels and subjected to mechanical loading. Chondrocyte morphology and activity was assessed by anabolic and catabolic ECM gene expression and matrix production by collagen and glycosaminoglycan production. RESULTS: Cell deformation was mediated by gel crosslinking. In the absence of loading, anabolic activity was moderately upregulated while catabolic activity was significantly inhibited regardless of gel crosslinking. Dynamic loading enhanced anabolic activities, but continuous loading inhibited catabolic activity, while intermittent loading stimulated catabolic activity. RGD acted as a mechanoreceptor to influence tissue deposition. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate the ability to regulate biomechanical cues through manipulations in the gel structure and chemistry and cartilage tissue engineering.     

一维二阶椭圆型方程组的超收敛二次有限体积元方法

本文针对二阶椭圆型常微分方程组边值问题提出二次超收敛有限体积元方法,证明格式的H1和L2模误差估计,并给出应力佳点处的梯度超收敛估计.最后,编写计算格式的Fortran程序,用数值算例验证了理论分析的正确性和格式的有效性.     

Bioactive Electrospun Scaffolds Delivering Growth Factors and Genes for Tissue Engineering Applications

A biomaterial scaffold is one of the key factors for successful tissue engineering. In recent years, an increasing tendency has been observed toward the combination of scaffolds and biomolecules, e.g. growth factors and therapeutic genes, to achieve bioactive scaffolds, which not only provide physical support but also express biological signals to modulate tissue regeneration. Huge efforts have been made on the exploration of strategies to prepare bioactive scaffolds. Within the past five years, electrospun scaffolds have gained an exponentially increasing popularity in this area because of their ultrathin fiber diameter and large surface-volume ratio, which is favored for biomolecule delivery. This paper reviews current techniques that can be used to prepare bioactive electrospun scaffolds, including physical adsorption, blend electrospinning, coaxial electrospinning, and covalent immobilization. In addition, this paper also analyzes the existing challenges (i.e., protein instability, low gene transfection efficiency, and difficulties in accurate kinetics prediction) to achieve biomolecule release from electrospun scaffolds, which necessitate further research to fully exploit the biomedical applications of these bioactive scaffolds.     

补肾活血方对兔胫骨截骨延长骨组织形态及骨密度的影响

目的 探索补肾活血方对兔胫骨截骨延长术后延长区域骨组织形态及骨密度的作用及机制。方法 24只新西兰大白兔完全随机方法分为假手术组、模型组和补肾活血方组,每组8只大白兔,假手术组和模型组均予以生理盐水灌胃,补肾活血组予以补肾活血方灌胃。干预8周后处死,观察各组兔骨延长区域骨组织形态、骨密度、骨组织形态计量学及TGF-β2基因表达水平。结果 补肾活血方组延长区骨组织形态相比模型组,胫骨外侧的骨皮质结构连续完整,内外层骨皮质间的骨质明显增多、增厚,骨小梁较粗且排列整齐、均匀,破裂程度较低,血管数量增多,网状新骨生成明显。假手术组兔胫骨延长区骨密度高于模型组和补肾活血方组（P<0.05）,补肾活血方组兔胫骨延长区骨密度要高于模型组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;假手术组兔胫骨延长区骨小梁面积百分数、骨小梁数量和骨小梁厚度均要大于模型组和补肾活血方组,骨小梁分离度小于模型组和补肾活血方组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;补肾活血方组兔胫骨延长区骨小梁面积百分数、骨小梁数量和骨小梁厚度骨要大于模型组,骨小梁分离度小于模型组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;模型组和补肾活血方组TGF-β2基因表达水平均要高于假手术组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;而模型组TGF-β2基因表达水平低于补肾活血方组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 补肾活血方可能通过刺激TGF-β2的表达,增加骨延长区的成骨作用,促进骨的矿化,以保证截骨延长区的顺利愈合。