龙葵和白英的辨别和应用

龙葵和白英均为茄科植物,以全草入药。在调剂工作中作为比较常用的品种。其鲜品尚可通过叶形、柔毛的稀密和花序加以区分,但二者的饮片却极其相似,给调剂使用和辨别带来一定的困难,而二者的性味、归经和功能又各不相同。为了避免两种药材的混用和错用,现特将龙葵和白英的药用资料及饮片分辨方法介绍如下。龙葵别名:苦菜、苦葵、野茄、天茄子、酸浆草、黑茄、天泡草、七粒扣(福建)、天天茄(云南)、天天果(吉林)。来源:茄科植物龙葵SolanumnigrumL.的全草。(龙葵子亦供药用)产地:全国各地均有生产。生于路边,旷野,山坡及宅旁。性状鉴别:全株…     

IVIG和白蛋白的应用现状和发展趋势

2005年3月8～9日在德国柏林召开了2005年度国际血浆蛋白会议(IPPC),约280名专家学者到会。会上对欧洲不同国家血液制品扩展应用范围的差异、循证医学、病毒安全性、欧洲药品质量管理、传染性海绵状脑病、静脉注射用免疫球蛋白(IVIG)和白蛋白等热点问题展开了热烈讨论。本文简要介绍IVIG和白蛋白的应用现状和发展趋势。     

桑寄生和槲寄生区别和相似点的研究

由于桑寄生和槲寄生二者名称和功效相近,在使用过程中,常将这两种药材统称寄生,其实二者还是有所区别的,应严格加以区分,防止误用。     

补骨脂素和异补骨脂素的急性毒性和相互作用

目的 探究补骨脂素、异补骨脂素的急性毒性及两者（1∶1）混合使用后的相互作用。方法 补骨脂素（1 125、843、633、475 mg/kg）、异补骨脂素（475、404、343、292 mg/kg）以及两者1∶1的混合物（633、538、457、389、330 mg/kg）1次性ig给予小鼠,连续观察并记录14 d小鼠的毒性反应和死亡情况,用SPSS计算补骨脂素、异补骨脂素以及两者混合使用后的半数致死量（LD₅₀）,用等效线图解法判断两者的相互作用。结果 给药组小鼠均出现僵直、腹部贴地、活动力减弱,甚至抽搐、口眼周有分泌物,心率减慢直至死亡的现象,与助溶剂组比较,体质量呈降低趋势;补骨脂素LD₅₀为638.69 mg/kg,95%可信限为526.91～785.78mg/kg;异补骨脂素LD₅₀为351.72 mg/kg,95%可信限为248.17～394.57 mg/kg;两者1∶1混合给药的LD₅₀为454.66 mg/kg,95%可信限为422.58～489.59;两者合用的LD₅₀在补骨脂素和异补骨脂素相加等效线上。结论 补骨脂素和异补骨脂素大剂量给予小鼠时,引起药物急性毒性反应,1∶1混合给药具有相加作用。     

社区和学校预防药物滥用和艾滋病工作

以社区为基础和以学校为基础预防药物滥用和艾滋病及艾滋病病毒传播和感染是一种有效的预防策略。本文作者在多年的项目工作中积累了一些经验,也遇到许多问题和困难。我们力图对此做一些总结,与同道共同分享。同时也希望本文能让项目工作者有借鉴之处     

夏天和秋天

晓静和慧君是形影不离的好姐妹,两人总是结伴逛街、买衣服、寻美食、旅游……知道对方的喜恶、习惯,受得了彼此的"臭脾气",但谁曾想到,当初如敌人般势不两立的她们,如今竟成为亲密无间的好姐妹。就像范玮琪所唱的那苜《一个像夏天一个像秋天》。"第一次见面看你不太顺眼,谁知道后来关系那么密切:我们一个像夏     

茶多酚和老年斑

我是一个从医50多年的胸外科医生。过了七十岁,脸部、尤其是两侧鬓角出现了许多大小不一、不痛不痒、高出皮肤的黑斑,因无症状,不以为然。理发时,理发师常对我说:"你脸上的疣如果不祛除掉,将越来越多,影响你的影像。我们有线扎,也有电灼。"理发店处理黑斑,未免太离谱     

道歉和承诺

三年前,应张咏南教授之邀,黄建始教授着手承办这份《健康管理》杂志。其后接连数月,张、黄教授又多次邀请朱亚明、李明和我等几位"稚气未脱"的中老年人,共同讨论我们究竟要办一份什么样的健康杂志。我们反复争辩,很多方面都未达成共识,但我们有一条共同的底线,那就是要秉持医务人员的良心,为读者奉送真正有益的健康知识。我们几位,虽然都是不谙世事的书生,但对于一本"有良心"的纸质健康杂志所面临的严峻环境,还是略有认识。我们身处一个由互联网、电视和手机统治的时代,信息制造和传播的成本已趋近于零;而信     

茶多酚和老年斑

我是一个从医50多年的胸外科医生。过了七十岁,脸部、尤其是两侧鬓角出现了许多大小不一、不痛不痒、高出皮肤的黑斑,因无症状,不以为然。理发时,理发师常对我说:"你脸上的疣如果不祛除掉,将越来越多,影响你的影像。我们有线扎,也有     

剖宫产手术和自然分娩的优点和缺点

世界卫生组织在一份调查报告中指出,中国近一半分娩通过剖宫产完成,剖宫产率为世界第一。原因在于产妇对剖宫产认识有误。专家认为剖宫产的潜在危险远高于自然分娩,通过对剖宫产手术和自然分娩优点和缺点的分析,另外卫生组织要大力宣传自然分娩,让产妇认识到自然分娩对自身的好处,降低剖宫产率。     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Synthesis and anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of gaultherin and its analogs

The synthesis of gaultherin (1) and its analogs was carried out to provide 11 glycosides under phase-transfer catalytic conditions. The activities of all synthesized compounds were evaluated by nitric oxide production inhibitory assay in vitro. Methyl 2-O-(4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylbenzoate (5f) showed significantly anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by the evaluation in vivo. Structure–activity relationships within these compounds were discussed.