乳腺病变超声乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)诊断一致性的评估

目的 评价不同乳腺超声经验评估者使用超声乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)诊断乳腺超声图像的一致性.方法 12位评估者独立评估30个已获病理诊断的乳腺病变的超声图像,得出诊断分级.计算κ值评估一致性、诊断阳性预测值(PPV)和阴性预测值(NPV).结果 乳腺超声经验丰富的评估者BI-RADS 3、4、5级κ值分别为0.72、0.28和0.60,3级的NPV为93%,5级的PPV为97%,上述结果均随超声经验的减少而下降.结论 乳腺超声经验丰富的评估者使用BI-RADS可提供准确和一致的诊断,但诊断一致性随乳腺超声经验的减少而下降.     

Computer-aided diagnosis for the classification of breast masses in automated whole breast ultrasound images

New automated whole breast ultrasound (ABUS) machines have recently been developed and the ultrasound (US) volume dataset of the whole breast can be acquired in a standard manner. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel computer-aided diagnosis system for classification of breast masses in ABUS images. One hundred forty-seven cases (76 benign and 71 malignant breast masses) were obtained by a commercially available ABUS system. Because the distance of neighboring slices in ABUS images is fixed and small, these continuous slices were used for reconstruction as three-dimensional (3-D) US images. The 3-D tumor contour was segmented using the level-set segmentation method. Then, the 3-D features, including the texture, shape and ellipsoid fitting were extracted based on the segmented 3-D tumor contour to classify benign and malignant tumors based on the logistic regression model. The Student’s t test, Mann-Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used for statistical analysis. From the Az values of ROC curves, the shape features (0.9138) are better than the texture features (0.8603) and the ellipsoid fitting features (0.8496) for classification. The difference was significant between shape and ellipsoid fitting features (p = 0.0382). However, combination of ellipsoid fitting features and shape features can achieve a best performance with accuracy of 85.0% (125/147), sensitivity of 84.5% (60/71), specificity of 85.5% (65/76) and the area under the ROC curve Az of 0.9466. The results showed that ABUS images could be used for computer-aided feature extraction and classification of breast tumors. (E-mail: rfchang@csie.ntu.edu.tw)     

BI-RADS3级乳腺病变的回顾分析

目的 遵循美国放射协会制定的乳腺影像学报告和数据系统(ACR BI-RADS)对乳腺病变的分级标准,观察分为3级病变组中满足此标准的例数,同时评价几种临床因素对BI-RADS分级的影响.方法 对超声检查最初分为BI-RADS 3级病变的487例乳腺肿块患者的声像图特征进行回顾分析.总结最初的超声表现,且对几种临床中可能影响乳腺病变分级的因素,包括患者年龄、病灶的多发性、是否可以扪及、超声医生的经验以及病灶的大小进行评价.结果 487例病例中,479例(98.36%)为良性,8例(1.64%)为恶性.203例(41.68%)(包括8例恶性病灶)经回颐分析,按BI-RADS分级标准再评估为4级.如在最初超声检查分析时,严格按照分级标准,活检阳性率仅3.94%(8/203),而96.06%(195/203)不需要进行活检.年龄40岁以上和病灶多发性再评估为4级的频率更高(分别P=0.008,P=0.006).而病灶是否可以扪及、病灶大小及医生的经验对再评估结果影响的差异则无显著统计学意义.结论 病灶的多发性和年龄对于分为3级病变再分级有明显的影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate how many probably benign lesions on ultrasound(US) fulfilled the published criteria and to evaluate how clinical and personal factors influenced the categorization of breast lesions.Methods A total of 487 lesions in 487 women with more than 12 months follow-up after the initial category 3 assessment on US were included.The initial US images were retrospectively reviewed according to previously published criteria,and evaluated several factors that could influence the characterization of breast lesions in clinical practice such as age,multiplicity,palpability,radiologist 's experience,and lesion size.Results Of 487 lesions,479 (98.36%) were benign and 8 (1.64%) were malignant.Of 487 lesions,203(41.68%) including 8 malignancies were reassessed as category 4.If strict criteria had been applied at initial US examination,the positive biopsy rate would have been only 3.94% (8/203) and 96.06% (195 of 203) biopsies would have been unnecessary.Lesions in women 40 years or older and multiple lesions were more frequently reassessed as category 4 (P = 0.008 and P = 0.006,respectively).The presence of palpability,lesion size,and the radiologist 's experience did not significantly influence the categorization of breast lesions on US.Of 487 probably benign lesions,41.68 % could be classified as category 4 lesions when strict criteria were applied in initial practice.Conclusions The multiplicity of the lesion and the patient 's age were found to have a significant influence on the classifcation of probably benign solid masses.     

自动乳腺超声诊断系统结合计算机辅助检测乳腺恶性肿瘤敏感度的影响因素分析

目的评估影响计算机辅助检测（CAD）识别自动乳腺超声诊断系统（ABUS）乳腺恶性肿瘤敏感度的因素。 方法收集自2016年1月至2017年2月于空军军医大学西京医院行ABUS检查并经外科手术或组织学活检病理证实的乳腺恶性肿瘤患者232例，共240个恶性病灶。所有病例均经CAD软件检测，统计CAD对病灶的总敏感度，并统计分析病灶组织学类型、最大径、距乳头距离、距皮肤距离及象限等因素与CAD敏感度之间的关系。以外科手术或组织学活检病理结果为诊断"金标准"，采用χ²检验分析病灶组织学类型、最大径、距乳头距离、距皮肤距离、象限、病灶边缘特征等因素与CAD敏感度的关系。 结果CAD对恶性病灶的总敏感度为85%（204/240），对不同病理学类型的敏感度分别为：浸润性导管癌89.0%（186/209）、导管原位癌53.9%（14/29）、黏液癌75.0%（3/4）、恶性叶状肿瘤100%（1/1），差异有统计学意义（χ²=18.836，P<0.001）。病灶最大径、距乳头距离、距皮肤距离及象限均与CAD敏感度之间比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。病灶距皮肤距离、病灶边缘特征与CAD对浸润性导管癌的敏感度之间比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论CAD对恶性病灶的敏感度较高（85.0%），尤其是对浸润性导管癌的检出（89.0%），医师在借助CAD读图时，应注意是否有遗漏的导管原位癌、位置深或边缘模糊的浸润性导管癌。     

Ultrasound Imaging Technologies for Breast Cancer Detection and Management: A Review

Ultrasound imaging is a commonly used modality for breast cancer detection and diagnosis. In this review, we summarize ultrasound imaging technologies and their clinical applications for the management of breast cancer patients. The technologies include ultrasound elastography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, 3-D ultrasound, automatic breast ultrasound and computer-aided detection of breast ultrasound. We summarize the study results seen in the literature and discuss their future directions. We also provide a review of ultrasound-guided, breast biopsy and the fusion of ultrasound with other imaging modalities, especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For comparison, we also discuss the diagnostic performance of mammography, MRI, positron emission tomography and computed tomography for breast cancer diagnosis at the end of this review. New ultrasound imaging techniques, ultrasound-guided biopsy and the fusion of ultrasound with other modalities provide important tools for the management of breast patients.     

基于甲状腺成像报告和数据系统分类的计算机辅助诊断系统对甲状腺癌超声诊断的辅助价值

目的探讨基于甲状腺成像报告和数据系统（TI-RADS）分类的计算机辅助诊断（CAD）系统对超声医师诊断甲状腺癌的辅助价值。 方法收集2018年10月至2019年3月在国内5家医院的400例甲状腺结节超声图像进行多中心回顾性研究。采用由北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院研发的基于TI-RADS分类的CAD系统,超声医师诊断甲状腺癌的诊断模式分为无CAD模式和CAD模式,11名具有不同工作经验的超声医师（低年资超声医师4名,中年资超声医师4名,高年资超声医师3名）在上述2种模式下诊断甲状腺癌。比较2种诊断模式的诊断效能及读片时间：绘制CAD系统和超声医师诊断甲状腺癌的受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,应用DeLong方法比较2种模式下曲线下面积（AUC）的差异;应用配对t检验比较2种模式的读片时间差异。 结果在CAD模式下,所有超声医师诊断甲状腺癌的AUC值较无CAD模式有显著提高［0.848（0.837~0.858） vs 0.800（0.788~0.812）］,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.001）;敏感度从73.8%（95%CI：71.9%~75.6%）提升到82.7%（95%CI：81.0%~84.3%）,差异具有统计学意义（χ²=9.870,P＜0.001）;特异度从86.2%（84.7%~87.6%）提升到86.9%（85.4%~88.3%）,但差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.021,P=0.379）。进行亚组分析时,在CAD模式下,低年资超声医师和中年资超声医师诊断甲状腺癌的AUC值较无CAD模式有显著提高（0.840 vs 0.740;0.848 vs 0.814）,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.001、=0.001）,但高年资超声医师诊断甲状腺癌的AUC值较无CAD模式无明显变化（0.859 vs 0.861,P=0.861）。在CAD模式下,所有超声医师的阅片时间较无CAD模式减少［（20.2±8.2）s vs（22.7±9.6）s］,差异具有统计学意义（t=-23.9,P＜0.001）。 结论CAD模式有助于低年资超声医师和中年资超声医师对甲状腺癌的诊断,同时缩短了诊断时间。     

Effect on apoptosis and cell cycle of recombinant double negative dominant mutation Survivin (T34/117A) in breast cancer cell B-Cap-37

As a bi-functional molecule in anti-apoptosis and pro-proliferation, Survivin is considered to be an attractive target for anti-cancer drug development all the time. Some studies show that these effects of survivin are mainly from two phosphorylation sites on its different domain, Thr 34 and Thr117, but it remains unclear that how they involve respectively in the apoptosis and the cell cycle of cancer cells, hindering the design and preparation of novel anti-cancer drug target to survivin. In the study, a series of recombinant double negative dominant mutants of survivin were constructed, expressed and purified efficiently, and their effects on cell cycle and apoptosis of breast cancer cell B-Cap-37 were investigated. The results showed that Survivin Thr117 is a key site on regulation of proliferation and cycle by Aurora B kinase phosphorylation, and Survivin Thr34 involves cell apoptosis by decreasing mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and activating caspase-3. Further studies have also shown that recombinant double negative dominant mutation Survivin (T34/117A) could significantly inhibit the proliferation of B-Cap-37 cells and arrest cell in G0/G1 phase and G2/M phase, indicating the double mutant is a more potential candidate as anti-cancer drug.