安徽金寨红天麻、红乌天麻高效液相色谱法指纹图谱与化学成分比较

目的 建立安徽金寨红天麻与红乌天麻高效液相色谱法（HPLC）指纹图谱,结合相似度分析、含量测定、聚类分析和主成分分析,比较22批红乌天麻与13批红天麻质量。方法 本研究起止时间为2020年12月至2021年6月,采用HPLC测定天麻指纹图谱;以天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、巴利森苷、巴利森苷B、巴利森苷C和巴利森苷E的含量为指标,采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2012版）和SPSS 23.0对其进行指纹图谱分析、聚类分析及主成分分析。结果 红天麻与红乌天麻的指纹图谱差异显著,其中红天麻有14个共有峰,红乌天麻有16个共有峰;以巴利森苷为参照,两种天麻共确定13个共有峰,指认了天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、巴利森苷、巴利森苷B、巴利森苷C、巴利森苷E共6个成分;红天麻和红乌天麻与各自对照指纹图谱的相似度均大于0.9,红天麻和红乌天麻两品种间相似度为0.781。两种天麻中天麻素、巴利森苷、巴利森苷B和巴利森苷C含量差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,且红天麻含量高于红乌天麻;当欧式距离取为25时,35批药材分为两类,除S27以外的红天麻和红乌天麻中S6、S7、S18、S19聚为一类,剩下的天麻聚...     

Anxiolytic-like effects of Gastrodia elata and its phenolic constituents in mice

The purpose of this study was to characterize the putative anxiolytic-like effects of the aqueous extract of the rhizome of Gastrodia elata along with its phenolic constituents, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HA) and 4-hyroxybenzaldehyde (HD), using an elevated plus maze (EPM) in mice. The mice were administered either the aqueous G. elata extract orally or received an intraperitoneal injection of the phenolic constituents, 1 h before the behavioral evaluation in the EPM. A single treatment of the aqueous G. elata extract significantly increased the percentage of time spent and arm entries into the open arms of the EPM versus the saline controls. Among the phenolic constituents of G. elata, HA and HD significantly increased the percentage of time spent and arm entries into the open arms of the EPM versus saline controls (p<0.05). Moreover, there were no changes in the locomotor activity and myorelaxant effects in any group compared with the saline controls. In addition, the anxiolytic-like effects of G. elata extract were blocked by both WAY 100635 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.), a 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist, and flumazenil (10 mg/kg, i.p.), a GABA(A) receptor antagonist. The anxiolytic-like effects of HA were inhibited by WAY 100635 and the effects of HD were antagonized by flumazenil. These results indicate that G. elata is an effective anxiolytic agent, and suggests that the anxiolytic-like effects of G. elata via the serotonergic nervous system depends on HA and those effects of G. elata via the GABAergic nervous system depends on HD.     

贵州野生和种植天麻中天麻素的含量比较

目的:比较贵州不同产地野生和种植天麻中天麻素的含量,为人工种植天麻提供科学依据。方法:天麻经微波萃取后采用反相高效液相色谱法测定其中天麻素的含量。结果:野生天麻中天麻素的含量高于种植天麻;不同产地野生天麻中天麻素的含量有差异,而种植天麻之间天麻素的含量差异不显著。结论:野生天麻的质量优于种植天麻。本研究可为天麻的种植提供一定的科学依据。     

天麻与钩藤配伍前后天麻素在SHR大鼠肝脏和肾脏的分布与归经探讨

目的:建立SHR大鼠肝、肾组织中天麻素含量的测定方法,并通过天麻与钩藤配伍前后效应成分天麻素的组织分布差异探讨归经。方法:采用高效液相色谱法测定SHR大鼠肝、肾组织中天麻素的含量。色谱柱为Phenomenence Luna C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-1%磷酸(3∶97),流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为220nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为10μL。结果:天麻素的检测浓度在0.3125～200μg·mL-1范围内同其峰面积与内标峰面积之比呈良好线性关系。天麻与钩藤配伍前后天麻素在肝脏和肾脏的分布有显著性差异。结论:此方法能准确、灵敏地测定大鼠肝、肾组织中天麻素含量。天麻与钩藤的配伍对天麻素在SHR大鼠肝、肾中的分布及归经有显著的影响。     

Chemical, pharmacological, and biological characterization of the culinary-medicinal honey mushroom, Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. (Agaricomycetideae): a review

Recently, studies have been conducted on the chemical composition of fruiting bodies of the culinary-medicinal Honey mushroom, Armillaria mellea (Vahl.) P. Kumm. (higher Basidiomycetes). It is considered in Europe and Asia as edible and medicinal, when appropriately prepared, and has demonstrated the presence of different groups of organic compounds, including carbohydrates, sterols, sphingolipids, fatty acids, sesquiterpenes, non-hallucinogenic indole compounds, peptides, enzymes, adenosine derivatives, and many other components. Most of these metabolite groups possess potential therapeutic and dietary values. The results of quantitative analyses of indole compounds and heavy metals signal potential health hazards for humans. Some of the studies reviewed herein describe in detail the mechanism of symbiosis between A. mellea and the orchid species Gastrodia elata. This orchid is native to Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, and is used in therapeutics in official Chinese medicine.     

一测多评技术在天麻药材质量评价中的应用

目的：采用一测多评技术同时测定天麻药材中多种成分的含量,为快速评价天麻药材质量、完善天麻药材的质量控制方法提供技术依据。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,以天麻素为内标物,建立其与对羟基苯甲醇、对羟基苯甲醛、巴利森苷的相对校对因子,并进行含量测定,实现一测多评。同时采用外标法测定15批天麻药材中天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、对羟基苯甲醛、巴利森苷的含量,验证一测多评的准确性。结果：采用相对校正因子计算的含量值与外标法的实测值之间无显著性差异。结论：在对照品缺乏的情况下,以外标法测定天麻素,利用相对校正因子实现对天麻药材中对羟基苯甲醇、对羟基苯甲醛、巴利森苷的含量测定是可行的。     

天麻野生品与栽培品的鉴别比较

目的:为天麻药材鉴别提供新的依据。方法:应用中药鉴定学、数理统计学方法对天麻药材的野生品和栽培品性状特征进行鉴别比较。结果:天麻野生品与栽培品在药材基本性状、环节纹的数目、环节纹的节距(节间长度)以及节上点数(点状潜伏芽的数目)方面均有一定差异。随着栽培品的代数增加,野生品与栽培品的差异也随之增大。结论:天麻野生品的基本性状、环节纹形态与栽培品存在着明显区别,尤其是栽培品2代、3代以后更为明显。     

辽东楤木芽的化学成分(III)

目的分离、鉴定辽东木(Aralia elata(Miq.)Seem.)芽提取物(总皂苷)中的化学成分。方法利用硅胶柱色谱,制备高效液相柱色谱进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为Elatoside F(1)、Araloside G(2)、CongmunosideⅤ(3)、Congmuno-sideⅨ(4)、3O[βDglucopyranosyl(1→2)][βDglucopyranosyl(1→3)]αLarabinopyranosylhederagenin(5)。结论化合物5为一新天然产物。     

辽东楤本化学成分的研究

从辽东楤本(Aralia elata)的根皮中分得8个化合物,利用理化和光谱方法鉴定分别为胡萝卜甙-6’-棕榈酸酯(6’-O-palmitoyl-β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside,A₅)、罗盘草甙A(silphioside A,A₉)、楤木皂甙A甲酯(araloside A methyl ester,A₁₀)、竹节人参甙I_b(chikusetusaponin I_b,A₁₁)、楤木皂甙A(araloside A,A₁₂)、楤木皂甙C(araloside C,A₁₅、楤木皂甙G(araloside G,A₁₆)、无梗五加甙D(acanthoside D,B₁)。化合物A₅,A₉,A₁₁和B₁为首次从该植物中分得,A₁₀为新天然产物,A₁₆为新化合物命名为楤木皂甙G,归属了化合物A₉,A₁₅的¹³C-NMR化学位移。     

辽东楤木芽中的化学成分(I)

目的分离、鉴定辽东木 (Araliaelata(Miq )Seem )芽提取物 (总皂苷 )中的化学成分。方法利用硅胶柱色谱 ,制备高效液相柱色谱进行分离纯化 ,根据理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果得到 5个化合物 ,分别鉴定为congmuyenosideA(1) ,congmuyenosideB(2 ) ,木皂苷Ⅶ(congmunosideⅦ ,3) ,3 O β D glucopyranosyl (1→ 3) α L arabinopyranosylechinocysticacid(4) ,腺苷 (adenosine,5 )。结论化合物 4和 5为首次从该属植物中分离。     

辽东楤木叶化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的对辽东楤木叶的化学成分进行研究。方法通过硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱和制备HPLC等手段进行分离和纯化,利用理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从辽东楤木叶中分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为glucocaulophyllogenin(1)、glycoside st-B(2)、silphioside E(3)、山萘酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、槲皮素(5)。结论化合物1为新天然产物,化合物2～4为首次从楤木属植物中分离得到,化合物5为首次从辽东楤木中分离得到。     

Species identification of licorice using nrDNA and cpDNA genetic markers

For the accurate identification of medicinal licorice species, nucleotide sequences of four types of DNA regions were researched for 205 specimens, including three species used as licorice: Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Glycyrrhiza inflata. The four DNA regions were the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) on nuclear ribosomal DNA, the rbcL gene, the matK gene, and the trnH-psbA intergenic region on chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). Ten genotypes were consequently recognized as combinations of the sequence data obtained from the four DNA regions. Species-specific genotypes were defined from the frequency of the appearance of species in each genotype and from the phylogenetic relationships of the 10 genotypes. This revealed the possibility of identifying licorice species based on the 10 genotypes. Next, comparison of species identifications by each DNA region suggested that efficient identification of licorice species is possible using the genetic information obtained from the ITS and trnH-psbA intergenic region. Additionally, concerning the phylogenetic relationships of the Glycyrrhiza species used as licorice, it is suggested from the genetic information of the four types of DNA regions that G. glabra is more closely related to G. inflata than to G. uralensis. In the G. uralensis examined, four genotypes were recognized as intra specific variations. The appearance frequency of each genotype in G. uralensis differed according to the area in China. G. uralensis may have expanded its distribution areas from western to eastern China because many licorices with the phylogenetic ancestral genotype were observed in western areas, while many with the derivative genotype were observed in eastern areas.     

Constituent properties of licorices derived from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. glabra, or G. inflata identified by genetic information

Constituent properties of licorices derived from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. glabra, and G. inflata are revealed by comparing 117 of licorice identified using four genetic markers; internal tracscribed spacer (ITS) on nuclear ribosomal DNA, rbcL gene, matK gene, and trnH-trnK1 intergenic region on chloroplast DNA. Regarding six main constituents of licorice; glycyrrhizin, liquiritin, liquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin, isoliquiritin apioside, and liquiritigenin, the constituent property of G. glabra resembles to that of G. inflata. On the other hand, the constituent property of G. uralensis is not similar to that of G. glabra or G. inflata and is characterized by a wide content variation of the six constituents compared to those of G. glabra and/or G. inflata. The mean contents of liquiritin, isoliquiritin, or liquilitigenin in G. uralensis are significantly higher than those of G. glabra or G. inflata. Therefore, the licorice species should be selected depending on these constituent properties for the traditional Chinese medicines or the Japanese Kampo medicines. Additionally, glycycoumarin, glabridin, and licochalcone A were reconfirmed as the species-specific typical constituents of G. uralensis, G. glabra, and G. inflata respectively. Therefore, it is resulted that the determination of the three species-specific constituents may be useful for the species identification of licorice. However, since 6% of licorice examined and hybrids were exceptions to the rule, their genetic information is necessary for the accurate species identification of licorice.     

对羟吡啶甲基腺苷在大鼠输精管A1与非A1受体作用

为进一步研究对羟吡啶甲基腺苷(HPMA)受体作用特点,用离体大鼠前列腺端输精管,比较了它与A1受体特异性激动剂环己烷基腺苷(CHA)作用异同。结果表明,HPMA有非A1受体样突触后抑制作用,能剂量依赖性地降低外源性PE,NE,ACh引起的输精管收缩反应;在场刺激下它优先作用于突触前;高剂量的HPMA(10^-5mol·L^-1)不仅可完全抑制场刺激引起的输精管收缩反应,同时还使组织对外源性ACh的反应性降低,是突触前抑制和突触后抑制的共同结果。提示HPMA在大鼠输精管同时具有突触前A1受体和突触后非A1受体作用。     

四川省野生天麻资源调查研究

目的:为天麻资源的保护及持续利用提供科学依据。方法:查阅相关文献及标本,结合市场产销信息及网络信息,确定了峨眉山、马边县、康定县、泸定县、丹巴县、青川县、平武县为主要调查区域,并进行了走访和样方调查。结果:四川地区野生天麻主要为黄天麻,集中分布在海拔800～3130m、经度101°41′～105°29′、纬度29°01′～32°26′区域内亚高山落叶阔叶林、竹林,生境土壤为弱酸性的山地黄棕壤,总蕴藏量为6600kg。结论:年降雨量、相对湿度和年均日照时数可能是影响野生天麻资源分布的关键因素。     

银杏蜜环口服溶液中单糖HPLC特征图谱及其质量评价

目的 利用HPLC建立银杏蜜环口服溶液中糖的特征图谱，并对不同来源的银杏蜜环口服溶液质量进行评价。方法 采用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮（1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone，PMP）柱前衍生HPLC，结合中药指纹图谱相似度分析软件对4批次市售银杏蜜环口服溶液和6批次自制口服溶液中单糖进行相似度分析，同时通过对组方中成分单糖组成进行测定，对共有峰进行了归属和确认。结果 通过对自制口服溶液与市售口服溶液的HPLC特征图谱进行研究，确定了5个共有峰，经过归属验证，分别为甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖，相似度介于0.998~1.000之间；同时对口服溶液及其组方中原药材进行了单糖组成测定，发现水解口服液中单糖来源于蜜环菌粉、银杏叶提取物及矫味剂甜菊糖；进一步对不同厂家的银杏叶提取物和蜜环菌粉进行单糖组成测定，结果显示不同厂家的银杏叶提取物和蜜环菌粉单糖组成有明显差异。最后通过对口服液及其原辅料中多糖进行提取、测定，发现口服液中多糖主要来源于蜜环菌粉。结论 本研究建立的方法能较全面地体现银杏蜜环口服溶液组分中单糖的特征，将市售口服溶液、自制口服溶液及其原药材的水解单糖进行归属及溯源，可用于口服液及其原料药材、辅料的质量评价。     

离子液体超声辅助协同萃取中药天麻指标成分的研究

目的 以天麻素、巴利森苷A、巴利森苷B、巴利森苷C、巴利森苷E及巴利森苷G为指标,探讨中药天麻中指标成分的高效环保提取方法,考察不同离子液体对天麻指标成分的提取效果.方法 利用离子液体协同超声辅助提取中药天麻中指标成分,对提取工艺进行单因素试验及正交试验考察.结果 离子液体超声辅助提取天麻素的最佳工艺条件:离子液体为[...     

辽东楤木芽中的一个新三萜皂苷

目的对从辽东木芽中提取的总皂苷进行化学成分的研究。方法通过硅胶柱色谱和制备HPLC等手段分离 ,利用理化性质和光谱方法鉴定。结果得到化合物 (1) ,鉴定为 3 O β D glu copyranosyl (1→ 4 ) β D glucopyranosylechinocysticacid。 结论该化合物为未见文献报道的新化合物 ,命名为木芽皂苷C (congmuyanosideC)。     

Authentication of Panax notoginseng by 5S-rRNA spacer domain and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis

The great majority of Panax species are well-known herbal medicines in the Orient, and many of them share a close resemblance in appearance and chemical composition. Among these Panax species, the root of P. notoginseng (Sanqi) is a unique herb that has distinct clinical usage. Here, the 5S-rRNA spacer domains were isolated from P. notoginseng, P. japonicus var. major, P. stipuleanatus, P. quinquefolius, P. ginseng, P. zingiberensis, and P. wangianus, and four common adulterants of P. notoginseng including Curcuma wenyujin, Curcuma longa, Bletilla striata and Gynura segetum. The spacer domains were sequenced and compared, which showed over 75 % DNA identity among all Panax species, but not for the adulterants. In addition, random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to distinguish different members of Panax genus as well as the morphological variants of P. notoginseng. These molecular methods could be used in the authentic identification of P. notoginseng from other Panax species.