中国西部犹伊螨属一新种

记述犹伊螨科Ｅｖｉｐｈｉｄｉｄａｅ Ｂｅｒｌｅｓｅ，１９１３犹伊螨属Ｅｖｉｐｈｉｓ Ｂｅｒｌｅｓｅ，１９０３一新种，青海犹伊螨Ｅｖｉｐｈｉｓ ｑｉｎｇａｉｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．，标本采自青海省湟中县总寨地区的甲虫体，新种与大连犹伊螨（３６１），比后种小；２）在Ｄ６毛后面，Ｄ１毛和Ｄ２毛之间，Ｍ９毛和Ｍ１０毛之间有１刺；３）生殖板前部有１刺状脊；４）基节Ⅱ和基节Ⅲ后位毛不同于Ｓｔ３；５）肛后毛端     

急性心肌梗塞后梗塞相关血管再灌注对QTc离散度的影响

目的观察２７例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者梗塞相关血管（ＩＲＡ）早期再灌注对ＱＴｃ离散度（ＱＴｃｄ）的影响。方法对２７例ＡＭＩ予以静脉溶栓，于溶栓后９０分钟进行选择性冠状动脉造影，在溶栓前后作同步记录１２导联心电图测量ＱＴｃｄ，并与４３例冠状动脉造影正常者进行对照。结果ＡＭＩ组溶栓前与对照组间ＱＴｃｄ差异有极显著性（８６６±１２２ｍｓｖｓ３５．８±１６７ｍｓ，Ｐ＜０００１），前壁与下壁梗塞之间ＱＴ离散度差异无显著性。静脉溶栓后９０分钟冠脉造影显示ＩＲＡ血流达到ＴＩＭＩＩ～ＩＩ者，溶栓后２小时ＱＴｃｄ显著降低（８７２±１２８ｍｓｖｓ５９．５±１３６ｍｓ），而ＩＲＡ未开通者其ＱＴｃｄ在溶栓前后始终保持较高水平，恢复速度显著慢于开通组。６例溶栓前有恶性室性心律失常者其ＱＴｃｄ明显高于无伴心律失常者（９４８±９２ｍｓｖｓ８４．２±１２０ｍｓ，Ｐ＜００５），溶栓后其ＩＲＡ血流均达ＴＩＭＩＩＩ级，ＱＴｃｄ降至６８３±８８ｍｓ，室性心律失常消失。结论成功地溶栓再灌注可使ＱＴｃｄ显著降低，改变其自然演变过程。ＩＲＡ早期再灌注，可减少危险性心律失常的发生。     

PCR检测献血员乙肝感染状况

目的对部分献血员中乙型肝炎感染状况进行调查．方法用ＰＣＲ法对检查合格的２９０份献血血样进行ＨＢＶ＿ＤＮＡ检测．结果本组２９０份血样中ＨＢｓＡｇ，ＨＢｅＡｇ全部呈阴性．１６７例ＨＢＶＭ阳性；其中８０例单项抗ＨＢｓ阳性，５０例单项抗ＨＢｃ阳性，１９例抗ＨＢｓ和ＨＢｃ两项阳性，１２例抗ＨＢｅ和抗ＨＢｃ两项阳性；６例抗ＨＢｓ，抗ＨＢｅ和抗ＨＢｃ三项阳性，而ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ的阳性率在各组中分别为８８％（７／８０），２６０％（１３／５０），１０５％（２／１９），７５０％（９／１２），３３３％（２／６）．１２３例ＨＢＶＭ阴性，ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ的阳性率为１６％（２／１２３）．２９０例中ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ的总检出率为１２１％（３５／２９０）．结论合法献血员中存在着乙肝病毒感染者．     

不同疗程含异烟肼、利福平方案对尘肺结核近远期疗效观察

目的探讨以ＨＲ为主不同疗程化疗方案对菌阳尘肺结核的近远期疗效。方法将７９例菌阳病例分为９月组（Ｍ９：２ＳＨＲＺ／７ＨＲＥ）、１２月组（Ｍ１２：２ＳＨＲＺ／１０ＨＲＥ）、１８月组（Ｍ１８：２ＳＨＲＺ／１０ＨＲＥ／６ＨＲ），分别采用不同方案治疗。疗效考核以痰菌为主要依据。满疗程随访５～８年。结果Ｍ９、Ｍ１２、Ｍ１８组满疗程痰菌阴转率分别为８３％、９６％、９５％，随访期间痰菌复阳率分别为４１％、４％、５％，其中随访１～４年痰菌复阳率分别为６％、８％、２％、２％，第５～８年无复阳病例。结论１２月方案（２ＳＨＲＺ／１０ＨＲＥ）对复治菌阳尘肺结核有效；随访时间以４～５年为宜。     

抗恶性疟原虫有性期单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

以培养的恶性疟原虫ＮＦ５４（３Ｄ７）株配子体蛋白抽提液及我国云南现场采集的恶性疟原虫细胞骨架分别免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠。取免疫小鼠脾细胞与ＳＰ２／０骨髓瘤细胞融合，以ＩＦＡ法筛选出８株抗恶性疟原虫有性期ＭｃＡｂ杂交瘤细胞株。经免疫球蛋白类别鉴定，６株为ＩｇＧ１（Ｍ２Ａ１０Ｃ９、Ｍ２Ｃ１Ｂ８、Ｍ４Ｃ７Ｂ１０、Ｍ４Ｇ１２Ｃ１、Ｍ５Ｂ７Ｅ６和Ｍ６Ｅ１Ｇ１１），２株为ＩｇＭ（Ｍ４Ｄ７Ｆ７和Ｍ６Ｆ４Ｄ６）。其     

抗恶性疟原虫有性期单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

以培养的恶性疟原虫ＮＦ５４（３Ｄ７）株配子体蛋白抽提液及我国云南现场采集的恶性疟原虫细胞骨架分别免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠。取免疫小鼠脾细胞与ＳＰ２／０骨髓瘤细胞融合，以ＩＦＡ法筛选出８株抗恶性疟原虫有性期ＭｃＡｂ杂交瘤细胞株。经免疫球蛋白类别鉴定，６株为ＩｇＧ１（Ｍ２Ａ１０Ｃ９、Ｍ２Ｃ１Ｂ８、Ｍ４Ｃ７Ｂ１０、Ｍ４Ｇ１２Ｃ１、Ｍ５Ｂ７Ｅ６和Ｍ６Ｅ１Ｇ１１），２株为ＩｇＭ（Ｍ４Ｄ７Ｆ７和Ｍ６Ｆ４Ｄ６）。其中３株ＭｃＡｂｓ（Ｍ４Ｃ７Ｂ１０、Ｍ４Ｄ７Ｆ７和Ｍ６Ｅ１Ｇ１１）的靶抗原定位于配子体以及大滋养体和裂殖体期无性体原虫；其余５株仅定位于配子体。经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹试验，ＭｃＡｂ所识别的蛋白区带各异（１６－１２０ｋＤ），与已发现的有性期特异性抗原相比较，３２ｋＤ抗原国内外尚未报道。各株ＭｃＡｂ与猴疟（Ｐ．ｃｙｎｏｍｏｌｇｉ）红内期、鸡疟（Ｐ．ｇａｌｉｎａｃｅｕｍ）子孢子和杜氏利什曼原虫前鞭毛体均无交叉反应。     

心肌缺血和冠状动脉病变对QTc离散度的影响

为探讨ＱＴｃ离散度（ＱＴｃｄ）与心肌缺血和冠状动脉（简称冠脉）病变程度的关系，分析２８例冠脉正常和５７例冠心病患者１２导联心电图的ＱＴｃｄ。结果示：冠心病组ＱＴｃｄ较冠脉正常组显著增大（４６．７±１２．６ｍｓｖｓ２６．３±１０．９ｍｓ，Ｐ＜０．０１）；不稳定型心绞痛ＱＴｃｄ明显大于稳定型心绞痛者（５４．６±１３．７ｍｓｖｓ４２．３±１４．１ｍｓ，Ｐ＜０．０５）；双支病变与单支病变以及三支病变与双支病变相比，ＱＴｃｄ均有显著增大（４８．７±１３．２ｍｓｖｓ３５．７±１１．９ｍｓ及５９．６±１５．１ｍｓｖｓ４８．７±１３．２ｍｓ，Ｐ均＜０．０５）。提示心肌缺血是引起冠心病患者ＱＴｃｄ增大的主要原因之一，ＱＴｃｄ的变化对于判断心肌缺血和冠脉病变程度有一定价值。     

BCL—2,Fas基因蛋白在胃癌及癌前病变组织中的表达

探讨基因蛋白ｂｃｌ－２,Ｆａｓ的表达变化与胃癌及癌前病变之间的关系。方法采用免疫组化ＳＰ法,分别检测浅表性胃炎组织２０例,萎缩性胃炎３２例,肠化生３２例,胃癌３６例基因蛋白ｂｅｌ－２,Ｆａｓ的表达变化。结果Ｆａｓ基因蛋白的表达,浅表性胃炎组６５％（１３／２０）较肠化生组２１．８％（７／３２）及胃癌组１９．６％７／３６）明显增高（Ｐ＜０．００５）;ｂｃｌ－２基因蛋白表达,胃癌组织３３．３％（１２／３６）,其中高一中分化腺癌阳性表达５６．２５％（９／１６）较低分化腺癌１６．６％（２／１２）及未分化癌１２．５％（１／８）明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,浅表性胃炎组无回例表达;胃炎与胃癌组之间Ｆａｓ和ｂｃｌ－２表达呈负相关,两者比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ｂｃｌ－２基因的异常表达对胃癌及癌前病变的形成发挥一定作用;Ｆａｓ基因的过度表达诱导胃炎发生,而弱表达又为胃粘膜细胞癌变提供了条件;ｂｃｌ－２与Ｆａｓ基因的表达失衡可能与胃癌的发生有关。     

100例正常血压者24小时动态血压监测

非创伤全自动２４小时动态血压记录仪能测试不同环境、不同体位时病人的血压，显然优于人工偶测血压的方法。目前，因缺乏正常血压者的参考数据，使之在临床的应用受到很大限制。为此，我们做了１００例正常血压者的测试。结果显示：（１）２４小时动态血压均值，昼夜为１４．９／９．０ｋＰａ（１１２／６８ｍｍＨｇ），日间为１５．６／９．３ｋＰａ（１１７／７０ｍｍＨｇ），夜间为１４．４／８．５ｋＰａ（１０８／６４ｍｍＨｇ）。（２）如果以研究的各项平均值±２个标准差作为正常值范围，那么２４小时的动态血压均值正常分布范围，昼夜为１２．５～１７．３／７．４～１０．６ｋＰａ（９４～１３０／５６～８０ｍｍＨｇ），日间为１２．６～１８．５／７．７～１０．９ｋＰａ（９５～１３９／５８～８２ｍｍＨｇ），夜间为１２．０～１６．８／６．９～１０．１ｋＰａ（９０～１２６／５２～７６ｍｍＨｇ），２４小时测试数据最高值日间为２０．６／１２．６ｋＰａ（１５５／９５ｍｍＨｇ），夜间为１９．７／１１．８ｋＰａ（１４８／８９ｍｍＨｇ）。     

隧道剥离术治疗肛缘巨大皮脂腺囊肿63例

１９８０年６月～１９９７年１１月,我院对６３例肛缘巨大皮脂腺囊肿施以隧道剥离术,疗效满意。现报告如下。一般资料：本组６３例均为男性;年龄３５～６７岁,病史均超过１０年。囊肿直径８～１２ｃｍ,约占肛周１／４～１／２;囊肿距肛门最近点１～２ｃｍ,均无其他...     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。