精神分裂症立体定向手术后多巴胺代谢变化及疗效观察

目的探讨立体定向手术对精神分裂症患者多巴胺(DA)代谢的影响,并观察其治疗效果。方法立体定向手术治疗精神分裂症;高效液相色谱-电化学法(HPLC-ECD)测定手术前后患者CSF中DA及高香草酸(HVA)水平;简明精神病量表(BPRS)和阴性与阳性症状量表(PANSS)评定手术疗效。结果精神分裂症患者手术前CSF中DA、HVA水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05);手术后DA、HVA水平显著下降(P<0.05);手术显效率为60%(15/25),有效率为100%(25/25)。结论立体定向手术具有明显的DA能神经阻滞作用,是精神分裂症的一种疗效明显的治疗方法。     

帕金森病患者立体定向手术前后脑脊液单胺类递质含量的改变

目的　研究帕金森病 (PD)患者脑立体定向手术前后脑脊液 (CSF)中单胺类递质含量的变化。方法测定 2 6例原发性PD患者 (PD组 )脑立体定向术前、后CSF中多巴胺 (DA)、5 羟色胺 (5 HT)、去甲肾上腺素 (NE)及其代谢产物高香草酸 (HVA)、5 羟吲哚乙酸 (5 HIAA)、3 甲氧基 4羟基苯乙二醇 (MHPG)的含量 ,另外测定 2 5例外科疾病腰麻手术患者 (对照组 )CSF中HVA、5 HIAA、MHPG含量。结果　PD组CSF中HVA、5 HIAA、MHPG含量明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 0 1、P <0 0 5、P <0 0 0 1) ;手术后组的CSF中DA、HVA ,、5 HT、5 HIAA、NE、MHPG含量明显高于手术前组 (其中DA、HVA、5 HT、5 HIAA和NE均P <0 0 0 1;MHPGP <0 0 5 )。结论　PD患者CSF单胺类神经递质代谢产物含量明显降低 ,脑立体定向术可提高PD患者脑部单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物的含量 ,其发生机制可能与DA能神经元的保护作用有关     

精神分裂症患者脑脊液单胺类神经递质含量与疗效

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者脑脊液(CSF)内多巴胺(DA)、高香草酸(HVA)含量的变化及其临床意义。　方法:86例首发精神分裂症,用利培酮治疗6个月,于治疗前及治疗6个月后采用高效液相色谱电化学(HPLC -ECD)法检测CSF中的DA及HVA含量,并与32名健康人进行对照。患者组同时用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定临床疗效。　结果:患者组在治疗前CSF中DA和HVA含量分别为(3.2 3±0 .36 ) μmol/L和(1.99±0 .4 9) μmol/L ,显著高于对照组(2 .4 4±0 .32 ) μmol/L和(1. 4 1±0 . 37)μmol/L ;患者组治疗6个月后分别为(2 .4 9±0 .35 ) μmol/L和(1.4 2±0 .2 8) μmol/L。其治疗后降低值与PANSS总分的减分差值呈显著正相关。　结论:精神分裂症患者CSF内DA和HVA含量显著增高,利培酮对精神分裂症的疗效与DA和HVA含量的变化密切相关。同时进一步验证了精神分裂症患者中枢神经系统DA功能亢进的假说。     

脑脊液5-羟色胺和多巴胺及其代谢产物在病毒性脑炎和精神分裂症鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨脑脊液5-羟色胺（5-HT）、多巴胺（DA）及其代谢产物水平在病毒性脑炎和精神分裂症鉴别诊断中的价值。方法对病毒性脑炎和脑膜脑炎患者（简称病脑组）67例、精神分裂症患者37例和病例对照患者21例采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测其脑脊液中5-HT、DA、5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）和高香草酸（HVA）水平,并进行比较。结果（1）病脑组5-HT、5-HIAA、5-HIAA／HVA和5-HT／DA均明显低于病例对照组（P〈0．05～0．01）,而HVA则明显高于病例对照组（P〈0．01）;病脑组脑脊液中5-HIAA、5-HIAA／5．HT和5-H｜AA／HVA日月显低于精神分裂症组（均P〈0．01）,而HVA／DA则高于精神分裂症组（P〈0．05）;精神分裂症组脑脊液中5-HIAA／5-HT高于病例对照组（P〈0．05）,5-HT／DA低于病例对照组（P〈0．05）。（2）病脑组有精神症状者脑脊液中5-HIAA浓度低于无精神症状者（P〈0．05）,5-HT、5．HIAA、5-HIAA／5．HT和5-HIAA／HVA均低于精神分裂症组（P〈0．05～0．01）,而HVA／DA高于精神分裂症组（P〈0．05）。结论病毒性脑炎患者脑脊液中可能存在5-HT和DA系统失衡;脑脊液中5-HT、DA及其代谢产物的水平可能有助于病毒性脑炎和精神分裂症的鉴别诊断。     

精神分裂症患者的中枢多巴胺和5—羟色胺浓度及其性别差异

目的 了解精神分裂症中枢多巴胺（DA）与5－羟色胺（5－HT）相互作用的变化及其性别影响的程度。方法 应用高效液相色谱对符合CCMD－2精神分裂症诊断标准的30例男性病人、37例女性病人、21例男性对照组、9例女性对照组脑脊液中DA、5－HT及其代谢产物高香草酸（HVA）、5－羟吲哚乙酸（5－HIAA）进行测试,并应用5－HT／DA、5－HIAA／HVA作为它们的相互作用的指标。结果 5－HT／DA、5－HIAA／HVA在4组中有显著性差异（F＝3．567,P＝0．032;F＝12．464,P＝0．001）,进一步分析提示;女性分裂症5－HT／DA显著低于男性对照组,且男性、女性分裂症及男性对照组5－HIAA／HVA均显著低于女性对照组。在男性病例组的相关分析中,5－HT／DA与BPRS及其阳性症状呈显著负漠、非特异性症状呈显著负、正相关;5－HIAA／HVA与思维形式障碍呈显著正相关。结论 精神分裂症患者存在中枢DA和5－HT相互作用的失平衡,这种失平衡与某些重要精神症状有关,且受性别因素的影响。     

立体定向手术治疗难治性精神分裂症近期疗效及远期预后分析

目的　探讨立体定向手术治疗难治性精神分裂症的近期疗效和远期预后。方法　回顾性分析 1987年 3月～ 2 0 0 4年 3月间应用立体定向多靶点毁损手术治疗的 39例精神分裂症患者 ,对术后超过 10年的 15例患者设立非手术对照组 ,采用简明精神病量表 (BPRS)、大体评定量表 (GAS)、临床疗效总评量表 (CGI)、阳性和阴性症状量表 (DANSS)、社会功能缺陷量表 (SDSS)和日常生活能力量表 (ADL)等对治疗结果和远期预后进行评定。结果　 39例手术患者优 3例 ,显著进步 16例 ,进步 14例 ,无效 4例。手术前后GAS、BPRS、CGI评分有显著性差异(P <0 .0 1)。长期随访 ,手术组与非手术组BPRS中的激活因子分、PANSS中的攻击危险性和偏执 /好斗因子分有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,余各项评分及SDSS和ADL评分两组间的差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　立体定向手术是治疗难治性精神分裂症的安全、有效的方法 ,手术对患者的社会和生活能力无明显影响。     

立体定向技术治疗难治性Ⅰ型精神分裂症180例临床分析

目的　研究脑立体定向技术对难治性Ⅰ型精神分裂症的临床治疗效果 ,探讨手术方法和手术机理。方法　 1998年 11月至 2 0 0 3年 10月应用立体定向技术治疗难治性I型精神分裂症 180例 ,随访最短 6个月以上。结果应用国际标准精神病评定量表对治疗效果进行评定。结果　依据量表减分率评定标准 ,180例患者中 ,显著进步 92例 ,进步 6 8例 ,无变化 2 0例。手术前后量表评分有明显差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。术中、术后出血 6例 ,无严重并发症和后遗症。结论　脑立体定向技术微创、安全 ,是难治性精神病治疗的有效补充方法 ,手术治疗后应注意药物等手段的综合康复。     

家族性与散发性精神分裂症中枢5—羟色胺多巴胺相互作用比较

应用高压液相色谱(HPLC)对20例家族性和47例散发性精神分裂症进行了脑脊液中5-羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)及代谢产物5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、高香草酸(HVA)进行测试，并以它们的比值作为两者相互作用指标，结果发现家族性精神分裂症患者5-HIAA／HVA比值显著高于散发性精神分裂症（t=2．086，P=0．041)，而两组5-HT／DA未见著显性差异，本文就这种相互作用指标与阳性家族史的关系进行了对论。     

脑立体定向手术治疗难治性精神分裂症及手术前后因子分析

目的　评价用简明精神评定量表 (briefpsychiatricratingscule,BPRS)及各因子分评定脑立体定向手术治疗难治性精神分裂症的效果。方法　对 37例难治性精神分裂症病人 ,采用立体定向扣带回、杏仁核、内囊前肢等脑内核团进行毁损 ,并在手术前后进行BPRS及各因子分评定。结果　术后综合疗效评定 :优 4例 ,显进 16例 ,进步 15例 ,无效 2例。手术前后BPRS及各因子分析显示BPRS总分、活动过多、敌意猜疑手术前后对照有显著的差异性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　BPRS及各因子分可作为脑立体定向手术治疗难治性精神分裂症效果评定的量化指标和选择手术病人的客观依据。     

舒必利治疗Ⅱ型精神分裂症的疗效及脑脊液中高香草酸水平的观察

以阴性症状为主要表现的精神分裂症(精神分裂症Ⅱ型),是精神分裂症的核心型,其脑内多巴胺(DA),活动呈相对不足。DA的代谢产物高香草酸(HVA)不能通过血脑屏障,测定CSF中的HVA水平可以一定程度反映脑内DA的活性。舒必利是具     

家族性与散发性精神分裂症中枢5—羟色胺与多巴胺相互作用比较研究

比较家族性与散发性精神分裂症中枢５－ＨＴ与ＤＡ相互作用的差异。方法应用高效液相色谱对２０例家族性和４７例散发性精神分裂症的脑脊液中５－ＨＴ、５－ＨＩＡＡ、ＤＡ、ＨＶＡ进行测试，并以比值作为相作用指标。结论两类型精神分裂症存在着５－ＨＴ与ＤＡ相互作用的差异。     

立体定向脑内多靶点联合毁损治疗精神分裂症

目的观察立体定向脑内多靶点联合毁损治疗精神分裂症的近期疗效,并探讨其相关机制。方法对32例精神分裂症患者（20例为Ⅰ型精神分裂症患者,12例为Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者）脑内双侧多靶点（主要包括扣带回、内囊前肢及杏仁核）给予射频热凝治疗。按全国精神外科协作组于1990年制定的评定方法进行疗效评定,并检测术前及术后4周患者脑脊液中神经递质多巴胺（DA）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）水平并与正常对照组相比较。结果术后4周随访：20例Ⅰ型精神分裂症患者显著进步13例,进步6例,无变化1例,有效率95.0%（19/20）;12例Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者显著进步4例,进步5例,无变化3例,加重0例,有效率75.0%（9/12）;术前Ⅰ型精神分裂症患者脑脊液中DA水平明显高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）,Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者脑脊液中5-HT水平明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）,NE水平两组精神分裂症患者与正常对照组比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;术后4周,Ⅰ型精神分裂症患者脑脊液中DA水平明显低于术前水平（P〈0.05）,Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者脑脊液中5-HT水平较术前也显著降低（P〈0.05）。结论立体定向脑内多靶点联合毁损对Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型精神分裂症的治疗均有效;其作用机制可能与手术临时阻断边缘神经系统神经递质的传导通路,并且调节脑内DA、5-HT递质水平有关。     

Biochemical aspects of Huntington''s chorea.

Fifteen patients affected by Huntington's chorea were divided into two groups, 'slow' and 'fast', according to IQ scores on the Wechsler-Bellevue scale, and scores on some motor performance tests. A possible correlation was looked for between some biochemical data (cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5HIAA) levels, plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), dopamine (DA) uptake by platelets), and clinical data (duration of illness, severity of symptoms, age of patients, IQ scores, 'slow' and 'fast' groups). The CSF, HVA, and 5HIAA levels were found to be significantly lowered in comparison with normal controls. DBH activity and DA uptake by platelets did not differ significantly from normal subjects. Treatment with haloperidol in all patients and with dipropylacetic acid in three patients did not appear to modify the CSF, HVA, and 5HIAA concentrations, the plasma DBH activity, or the DA uptake. There were no significant differences in the CSF, HVA, and 5HIAA contents between the two groups of patients, and there was no correlation between biochemical data and clinical features.     

抑郁症患者自杀与脑脊液单胺代谢产物的关系

目的：探讨抑郁症患者自杀与脑脊液单胺代谢产物之间的关系。方法：应用高效液相色谱法，测定24例抑郁症患者(自杀组10例，无自杀组14例)及25例对照组5-羟色胺(5-HT)代谢产物5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)，去甲肾上腺素(NE)代谢产物3-甲基-4-羟苯乙二醇(MHPG)及多巴胺(DA)代谢产物高香草酸(HVA)的浓度。结果：抑郁症自杀组5-HIAA浓度显著低于对照组，男性自杀组5-HIAA浓度、HVA浓度和HVA／MHPG比值均显著低于男性对照组，女性则无显著差异：结论：抑郁症患者自杀可能与5-HT和DA功能低下以及DA和NE之间的关系改变有关。     

CSF dopamine turnover and positive schizophrenic symptoms after withdrawal of long-term neuroleptic treatment

Dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 14 schizophrenic inpatients before and 2 weeks after withdrawal of long-term neuroleptic medication. Total neuroleptic-like activity (NLA) in serum was determined at the same times. DA and its metabolites (DOPAC and HVA) were significantly reduced after neuroleptic discontinuation. NLA was substantially diminished. The decrease in DA and DOPAC was positively correlated with positive symptoms of postwithdrawal deterioration, and low prewithdrawal DOPAC level predicted severe relapse. These results are compatible with the hypothesis linking an overregulated central DA system to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.     

Relationship between abnormal brainstem auditory-evoked potentials and subnormal CSF levels of HVA and 5-HIAA in first-episode schizophrenic patients.

Auditory brainstem-evoked responses (ABRs) were recorded and the CSF concentration of the amine metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in 39 drug-free schizophrenic patients. Twenty-four of the patients were first admissions and had never received antipsychotic medication. The ABRs were judged according to our normative data and the CSF concentrations of the amine metabolites were compared with those of 47 healthy volunteers. Clear-cut abnormal ABRs, identified as a lack of one or more peaks or abnormal peak latencies, were found in 15 patients. In controls and patients with normal ABRs, there was a significant positive correlation between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of HVA and 5-HIAA; no such correlation was found in patients with abnormal ABRs. Schizophrenics with abnormal ABRs had significantly lower levels of HVA, but not 5-HIAA, in the CSF when compared with controls. Schizophrenic patients with normal ABRs (n = 24) did not differ from the controls with regard to the amine metabolites in CSF. A comparison of the CSF levels of HVA and 5-HIAA yielded no significant difference between patients with normal and those with abnormal ABRs. In contrast, when only first-episode, never-treated schizophrenics were considered, patients with abnormal ABRs (n = 10) had significantly lower levels of both HVA and 5-HIAA when compared with those having normal ABRs (n = 14). The results indicate an association between brainstem dysfunction and reduced central nervous dopaminergic and possibly also serotoninergic activity in schizophrenia.     

Markers of dopamine depletion and compensatory response in striatum and cerebrospinal fluid

Summary Though depletion of CSF homovanillic acid (HVA) concentration has often been regarded as a direct indicator of dopamine (DA) deficiency in Parkinson's Disease (PD), CSF HVA is normal in mildly affected patients. To explore why, we measured DA and its metabolites in striatum and CSF in rabbits receiving reserpine for 5 days. Reserpine, which depletes striatal DA by disrupting vesicular storage of the neurotransmitter, results in a compensatory increase of DA turnover. In response to a 96% depletion of striatal DA, its catabolic intermediates 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) decreased 64% and 92% in striatum, although the endproduct, HVA, was unchanged. In contrast, CSF concentrations of HVA and DOPAC increased significantly, though 3-MT and levodopa (LD) were unaltered. A 5-fold rise in striatal LD concentration after reserpine-induced DA depletion provided evidence for enhanced DA synthesis. As in PD, the compensatory increase of DA synthesis after reserpine administration confounds the ability of CSF HVA to reflect DA depletion.     

精神分裂症偏执型患者血浆及脑脊液白细胞介素2,6及免疫球蛋白G水平的研究

目的　探讨首发精神分裂症偏执型患者血浆及脑脊液中白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )、IL 6、免疫球蛋白G (IgG)水平的变化 ,及其与精神病理之间的关系。方法　患者组为 30例未用过抗精神病药治疗的精神分裂症偏执型患者 ,对照组为 2 0例无精神疾患的轻微脑外伤患者 ,以阳性和阴性症状量表 (PANSS)评定精神分裂症患者的精神症状 ,用酶联免疫吸附法检测IL 2、IL 6 ,用速率散射比浊法检测IgG。 结果　 (1)患者组血浆及脑脊液IL 2、IL 6和IgG均高于对照组 (P <0 0 1和P <0 0 5 )。(2 )在患者组中 ,血浆IL 6与血浆IgG(r =0 6 90 )和脑脊液IL 6 (r =0 4 2 5 )呈正相关 (P <0 0 1和P <0 0 5 ) ,血浆IgG与脑脊液IgG呈正相关 (r =0 4 0 9,P <0 0 5 ) ;脑脊液IL 6与脑脊液IgG呈正相关 (r =0 5 10 ,P <0 0 5 )。在对照组中 ,血浆IL 2与血浆IL 6 (r =0 5 0 4 ,P <0 0 5 )和IgG (r =0 74 0 ,P <0 0 1)呈正相关 ,血浆IL 6与血浆IgG(r=0 6 75 ,P <0 0 1)和脑脊液IL 6 (r =0 6 33,P <0 0 1)呈正相关 ,血浆IgG与脑脊液IgG(r =0 6 19,P <0 0 5 )呈正相关。 (3)血浆IL 2与P因子分呈正相关 (r =0 6 4 5 ,P =0 0 0 )。结论　首发精神分裂症偏执型患者处于免疫激活状态 ,IL 2、IL 6、IgG与精神病理之间存在一定的