激光防护镜自动检定装置测量不确定度的评定

目的：为了表征所研制的激光防护镜自动检定装置的性能及其实用性和可靠性,对该检定装置进行性能测试和测量不确定度评定。方法：采用分来实时监视测量方法,对检定装置的测量重复性、不同激光照射条件下的激光防护镜光密度和损伤阈值等多项性能参数进行测试,研究和建立激光防护镜防护性能参数测量模块．为防护镜的防护性能评价提供实验技术平台,并为检定装置测量不确定度的评定提供数据和依据．结果：该检定装置的输出激光波长为1064nm和532nm,波长响应范围为0．4～1．1μm,测量能量范围为10。～0．3J,激光防护镜光密度测量范围为0．1～8．0,测量重复性为0．37％,测量不确定度为5％（k=2）。结论：该检定装置性能稳定可靠．技术指标达到设计和使用要求．     

安全型激光疗法应对高粘血症

安全型激光疗法 弱激光照射血液时,可被细胞膜上的光受体及细胞内血红蛋白所接受,导致一系列有利于机体的生化反应,产生一系列的治疗效果.由630～650纳米的激光作为激光源,不造成局部组织的热损伤,为损伤阈值的1/50,安全可靠,因而被称作安全型绿色替代疗法.     

CO2激光对肌肉组织热损伤的研究

目的研究生物组织在强激光作用下的热效应,探讨激光功率和作用时间对热损伤的影响.方法用C02激光仪以不同的输出功率(0.88～10.95W)作用于猪离体肌肉,持续时间2～30S,观察靶组织的形态学改变,检测热损伤区大小(热损伤厚度与切割深度).结果显微镜检可见切割缘呈干性坏死,周围组织表现有肌细胞融合、肌纤维断裂、肌原纤维模糊不清和肌纤维空化等损害;实测数据表明,热损伤程度随激光输出功率增大和持续时间延长而增强.结论肌肉组织经强激光作用后产生热损伤,损伤程度与激光输出功率和作用时间有关.     

分析强脉冲光与Q开关Nd∶YAG激光治疗面部雀斑的临床反应

目的研究和分析强脉冲光与Q开关Nd∶YAG激光治疗面部雀斑的临床反应.方法我们选取2009年10月—2011年10月的门诊患者180例,将180例患者按随机法分为强光组(90例)与激光组(90例),两组患者在治疗时间和灼热感消退时间以及色素消退时间上相对比.结果强光组明显优于激光组(P <0.05),具有统计学意义.结论临床上使用强脉冲光对面部雀斑进行治疗,具有治疗时间短、不良反应轻、效果好、安全性高等特点,值得在临床治疗上推广与应用.     

激光的安全与防护

从六十年代初激光技术问世以来。在我们航空工业领域内,已被广泛使用,主要用作激光切割、划线、打孔、焊接和激光全息术等。并在日常生产、科研和教学中已显示出实用价值。同时,接触激光器的人员也日益增多起来,目前迫切需要了解激光的安全防护知识,以保障激光器操作人员的身体健康与安全。激光(laser)是在物质的原子或分子体系内,因受激辐射并得到放大的一种光辐射。它的特点是亮度大、发散角小,单色性好及具有良好的相干性。激光束的光能高度集中,中、小功率激光器光     

激光防护镜自动检定装置与技术研究

目的：以激光辐射防护、医学计量和光电子技术为基础,研制激光防护镜自动检定装置,主要用于激光防护镜检定和各类激光防护器材防护性能测试评价。方法：对检定装置的激光照射源、激光测量仪器、计算机测控软件和辅助设备光机组件进行专门设计研究,建立了激光防护镜自动栓定装置和防护镜防护性能评价测试方法及相关技术,利用该检定装置和特有测试记录方法．可进行测量数据的自动采集、处理、记录、保存和打印输出,实现激光防护镜多项防护性能参数的自动检测。结果：检定装置的输出激光波长为1064nm和532nm,波长响应范围为0．4～1．1μm,测量能量范围为10^-8-0.3J,光密度测量范围为0．1～8．0,稳定度为0．21％,扩展不确定度为5％（％=2）。结论：该检定装置性能稳定可靠．研究结果优于设计指标,并符合国家相关标准要求。     

不同激光美容治疗技术的临床应用效果

目的：探讨不同的激光美容技术对皮肤科患者进行治疗的效果。方法：选取2022年1月～2023年1月在本院皮肤科接受治疗的患者172例作为研究对象，按照随机数字表法将其平均分成两组，86例对照组采用以色列飞顿辉煌激光光子工作站实施临床治疗，86例观察组在以色列飞顿辉煌激光光子工作站实施临床治疗的基础上联合强脉冲光技术治疗。比较两组皮肤损伤程度、皮肤损伤愈合时间，对比两组激光美容治疗效果，记录皮肤萎缩、瘢痕以及复发的情况。结果：观察组皮肤损伤程度明显轻于对照组，皮肤损伤愈合时间明显短于对照组，差异显著，P<0.05；观察组治疗总有效率96.5%(83/86)明显高于对照组80.2%(69/86)，差异显著，P<0.05；观察组皮肤萎缩发生率2.3%(2/86)、复发率1.2%(1/86)均明显低于对照组11.6%(10/86)、9.3%(8/86)，观察组瘢痕发生率4.7%(4/86)与对照组7.0%(6/86)差异不显著，P>0.05。结论：以色列飞顿辉煌激光光子工作站联合强脉冲光技术治疗可以获得较好的医学美容治疗效果，不仅可以缩短恢复时间，安全性较高。     

纳米TiO_2光催化自洁净玻璃的制备及应用研究进展

纳米TiO2薄膜材料有着良好的光催化活性和光稳定性。纳米TiO2光催化自洁净玻璃的成功研制已应用于处理各种环境问题。综述了自洁净玻璃的制备方法及其应用发展趋势,它将成为新型多功能材料应用于多个领域。     

玻璃体切割手术用眼内照明器的光辐射安全测试

眼内照明器是玻璃体切割手术的必备仪器。国际标准ISO 15752:2010 《眼科仪器眼内照明器光辐射安全的基本要求和试验方法》提出了眼内照明器的光辐射安全要求与试验方法。该标准要求试验需在纯水或盐溶液中进行,但并未明确具体的测试装置。为了填补这一空白,该研究分别基于辐照度法与光谱辐照度法研制了两种测试装置,并依据ISO 15004-2:2007《眼科仪器基本要求和试验方法 第2部分：光危害防护》,选取加权视网膜辐照度、加权视网膜可见光和红外热辐照度作为参数,对眼内照明器进行光辐射安全评价。结果显示,两种装置测试结果较为一致,均满足ISO 15752:2010的要求。     

激光散斑均化对防护测量的影响

目的：介绍基于散斑原理实现均化激光光宽的方法并研究其对防护镜防护性能评定带来的影响。方法：实验中用Nd：YAG脉冲激光器作为激光源．发射波长为532nm、频率为1Hz、光束直径为5ram的激光。分别将低阶模或高阶模激光源发散后,光路中置入毛玻璃相位板或散斑相移器,测量防护镜片的光密度值,并与常规测量方法进行比对,以观察激光散瘫均化后对防护测量的影响。结果：在测量中,只要加入均化装置。监视比和透射比的标准偏差都将减小（不同组间方差分析P〈0．01）．有时甚至能提高一个量级;在光束发散条件下测量防护镜的光密度值与常规测试结果有一定规律性差异;加均化与无均化2种条件下所测光密度值略有差异,相对偏差〈5％。结论：激光散斑均化能提高防护镜片测量稳定度：激光源的模式、光源的发散态和均化程度对镜片光密度测量值都有影响。     

分次曝光对放射摄片用胶片OD值的影响

目的：研究在总曝光剂量不变的情况下，分次曝光的方式对Kodak EDR2胶片OD值的影响，并且评价其对调强放射治疗剂量分布验证的意义。材料与方法：选取一系列同一批次的Kodak EDR2胶片，采用6MVX射线作为放射源，在相同条件下分别按照3种分次的时间模式对其进行曝光，并且使每张胶片最终得到的总曝光剂量相等。经过严格的冲洗和数字化之后，利用剂量分析软件得到每张胶片的净OD值并且比较其大小变化。结果：在曝光剂量相同的情况下，随着曝光分次次数的增加，EDR2胶片的净OD值会变小。但是这种变化十分微弱，即使在分10次曝光的极端条件下，胶片的净OD值也只减小了2．1％。结论：分次曝光对EDR2胶片OD值的影响很小，因此在调强放射治疗剂量分布验证中，可以忽略其对验证结果的影响。     

Organic dyes in laser surgery of cartilaginous tissues

Use of organic dyes for improvement of the efficiency and targeting accuracy of laser treatment of biological tissues is considered. It is shown that some organic materials provide effective protection of adjacent tissues by reducing the intensity of optical radiation outside the laser surgery site. They also can eliminate the detrimental effect of random reflections of intense laser radiation upon its passage through semitransparent cartilaginous tissue. Advantages of diphthalocyanine dyes (broad spectral region of radiation absorption, high resistance to heat and light, solubility in low-toxic organic dyes) are described.     

Immune response induced by recombinant BCG expressing merozoite surface antigen 2 from Plasmodium falciparum.

Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been used as a live bacterial vaccine to immunize >3 billion people against tuberculosis. In an attempt to use this vaccinal strain as a vehicle for protective antigens, the recombinant BCG (rBCG), expressing merozoite surface antigen 2 (MSA2) from Plasmodium falciparum under the control of an expression cassette carrying the promoter of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) from M. tuberculosis, was constructed and used to immunize BABL/c mice. The administration of rBCG producing MSA2 (BCG-MSA2) resulted in the induction of a strong humoral and cellular response directed against MSA2. These results encourage the further protection testing of BCG-MSA2 vaccines in primate models.     

Evaluation of the magnitude of EBT Gafchromic film polarization effects

Gafchromic EBT film, has become a main dosimetric tools for quantitative evaluation of radiation doses in radiation therapy application. One aspect of variability using EBT Gafchromic film is the magnitude of the orientation effect when analysing the film in landscape or portrait mode. This work has utilized a >99% plane polarized light source and a non-polarized diffuse light source to investigate the absolute magnitude of EBT Gafchromic films polarization or orientation effects. Results have shown that using a non-polarized light source produces a negligible orientation effect for EBT Gafchromic film and thus the angle of orientation is not important. However, the film exhibits a significant variation in transmitted optical density with angle of orientation to polarized light producing more than 100% increase, or over a doubling of measured OD for films irradiated with x-rays up to dose levels of 5 Gy. The maximum optical density was found to be in a plane at an angle of 14 °±7 ° (2SD) when the polarizing sheet is turned clockwise with respect to the film. As the magnitude of the orientation effect follows a sinusoidal shape it becomes more critical for alignment accuracy of the film with respect to the polarizing direction in the anticlockwise direction as this will place the alignment of the polarizing axes on the steeper gradient section of the sinusoidal pattern. An average change of 4.5 % per 5 ° is seen for an anticlockwise polarizer rotation where as the effect is 1.2 % per 5 ° for an clockwise polarizer rotation. This may have consequences to the positional accuracy of placement of the EBT Gafchromic film on a scanner as even a 1 ° alignment error can cause an approximate 1 % error in analysis. The magnitude of the orientation effect is therefore dependant on the degree of polarization of the scanning light source and can range from negligible (diffuse LED light source) through to more than 100 % or doubling of OD variation with a fully linear polarized light source.     

Sensitometric characteristics of medical roentgenographic and fluorographic films. Sensitivity of the amplifying screens combined with a film]

Factors affecting the degree of sensitivity of roentgenographic and radiofluorographic films and of their combinations with fluorescent screens are considered. A method of films exposure with a roentgenosensitometer permitting it to determine the sensitivity in conditions closely approaching the ones used in practice and corresponding to the minimum of the isoopaque is suggested. A way for determining the sensitivity of films in m2-mJ1 and lx-1-c-1 is indicated. Numerical values for the sensitivity of the films and their combinations with the screens are given. It is shown that with Eef = 38 keV, T = 20 degrees C, exposure time of 0.4--1 sec and optical density 1.00 over general focusing the lower limit of the X-ray RM-1film sensitivity to the light of CaWO4-screens is 38 m2-mJ-1 and of the fluorographic film Pphi-3 to the light of the Zn0-68Cd0-32S--Ag-screens -- 14.6 m2-mJ-1 or 30 lx-1-c-1.     

A vaccine against the salmonid pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis based on recombinant proteins

We report here the protective effect against piscirickettsiosis elicited in fish by a mixture of recombinant proteins. A comparative genomics strategy was used on a genomic library of Piscirickettsia salmonis in order to select optimal candidates for a recombinant subunit vaccine to protect fish from rickettsial septicaemia (SRS). Based on this information, 15 P. salmonis ORFs encoding heat shock proteins, virulence factors, membrane bound and other surface exposed antigens, were isolated and expressed. Seven of the most promising antigens were formulated in three mixtures (V1-V3) containing two or three recombinant proteins each and injected into salmon to test their protective efficacy. Two of the three formulations (V1, V2) elicited a strong protective response in a challenge against the pathogen, which was coincident with the humoral response against the corresponding recombinant proteins present in each formulation. V1, formulated with recombinant chaperonines Hsp60, Hsp70 and flagellar protein FlgG of P. salmonis achieved the highest level of protection with a relative percent survival (RPS) of 95%.     

石花制剂对小鼠急性辐射损伤的防护作用

目的 考察不同剂量、不同给药时间、不同给药途径和不同方法制备的石花制剂对小鼠急性辐射损伤的防护作用,探讨石花制剂治疗小鼠急性辐射损伤的最佳给药方案。方法 小鼠在照射前腹腔注射10mg/kg、20mg/kg、40mg/kg、80mg/kg石花制剂,进行⁶⁰Coγ射线一次性全身照射,照射剂量为9 Gy,观察小鼠的30d活存率和保护系数;照前15min、30min、1h、2h、4h腹腔注射石花制剂,观察30d活存率和保护系数;照前肌肉注射和口服给予石花制剂,观察30 d活存率和保护系数;照前腹腔注射醇提和水提的石花制剂,观察30d活存率和保护系数。结果 石花制剂在一定剂量范围内(20~80 mg/kg)可显著提高受照小鼠的30d活存率和平均活存天数;照前15min至1h腹腔注射石花制剂对受⁶⁰Coγ射线照射小鼠的辐射损伤均有显著的治疗作用;照前肌肉注射石花制剂时,防护效果略逊于腹腔注射给药,而同样剂量口服给药时,则防护作用不显著;水提取的石花制剂在照前不同时间腹腔注射给药,防护效果与50%乙醇提取的石花制剂近似。结论 石花制剂对小鼠急性辐射损伤有一定的防护作用,最佳给药方案为照前30min腹腔注射40mg/kg的石花制剂。     

电缆辐照加工企业职业危害及防护调查

目的通过对电缆辐照加工技术职业危害的调查分析和检测,明确电缆辐照加工的职业危害种类和防护重点,并提出职业危害防护策略。方法选取1家应用辐照加工技术生产电缆的企业为研究对象,通过职业卫生调查、职业危害含放射危害的检测、职业健康检查等方法开展研究。结果电缆辐照技术生产应用中存在多种职业危害,包括辐射危害为电子束和X线,化学性危害为臭氧、氮氧化物及六氟化硫等,物理性危害为噪声。职业防护中对辐照场所合理布局与分区、开展机房与辐照厅屏蔽防护设计、设置人身安全联锁及机器安全联锁,化学性危害防护中对辐照大厅全面通风,防止有害气体蓄积,是主要的职业危害防护措施。结论电缆辐照等辐照加工技术使用日益广泛,认真开展企业职业危害防护特别是辐照安全防护,可保证辐照加工作业人员的职业安全。