2型糖尿病患者血清MFG-E8水平与骨密度的关系研究

目的通过比较2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者不同骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)状态下乳脂肪球表皮生长因子8(milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8,MFG-E8)水平的差异,探讨MFG-E8与T2DM患者BMD的关系。方法收集2017年6月至2019年6月我院住院T2DM患者72例,年龄在40～70岁。采用美国双能X线骨密度检测仪对所有患者及年龄、体质指数相匹配的42例健康对照者进行第1-4腰椎(L1-L4)、股骨颈(FN)及全髋(TH)部位BMD检测,依据WHO诊断标准,划分为骨量正常、骨量减少或骨质疏松(osteoporosis,OP)。酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测患者和健康者血清MFG-E8水平。结果对于健康者和T2DM患者,男性各部位骨密度值、MFG-E8水平均高于女性,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。②糖尿病患者骨量异常发生率高于健康者,糖尿病患者血清MFG-E8低于健康者(P 0.05)。③MFG-E8与L1-L4和TH骨密度正相关,是影响L1-L4和TH骨密度的主要因素。结论 MFG-E8具有保护作用,可作为T2DM患者是否发生骨量异常或是否患骨质疏松风险的判别指征。     

2型糖尿病患者血清Betatrophin水平与骨密度的相关性研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者血清Betatrophin水平与骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)的相关性。方法选择95例T2DM患者,采用双能X线骨密度仪检测所有患者腰椎1～4(L1-L4)、股骨颈(femoral neck,FN)及全髋(total hip,TH)部位BMD,按BMD将患者分为骨量正常组(n=46)及骨量异常组(包括骨量减少及骨质疏松,n=49)。所有患者均行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)及胰岛素释放试验。血清Betatrophin水平用酶联免疫吸附法进行检测。结果与BMD正常组相比,BMD异常组血清Betatrophin水平显著增高(P0.05)。相关分析显示,Betatrophin与FN、TH两个部位骨密度呈负相关(r=-0.238、-0.208,P均0.05)。根据血清Betatrophin水平由低到高分为3组,BMD异常在3组中的发生率逐渐升高(38.7%、53.1%及62.5%)。结论 T2DM骨密度异常患者血清Betatrophin水平显著升高,提示Betatrophin可能在糖尿病骨质疏松症的发生发展中发挥作用,对该指标进行检测可为糖尿病骨质疏松症的预防和治疗提供新的临床依据。     

老年2型糖尿病骨质疏松相关因素分析

目的分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者合并骨质疏松的骨密度(BMD)的改变与部分临床检查指标的相关性,为预防、诊断和治疗T2DM合并骨质疏松提供理论依据。方法选取本院72名已确诊的T2DM住院患者。空腹血检测糖化血红蛋白、血糖、血钙、磷、生化及双能X线骨密度测定。根据T2DM患者的BMD值,将其分为骨质疏松组和非骨质疏松组,对比两组患者的性别、年龄、病程、体重指数(BMI)、空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、血清钙、血清磷、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)等指标间的差异,并进行相关性分析。结果根据WHO诊断标准,本组病例中骨质疏松患者达到44.4%。骨质疏松(OP)组与非OP组比较,OP组年龄显著大于非骨质疏松组,病程明显长于非骨质疏松组,BMI显著低于非骨质疏松组。两组实验室指标中空腹血糖(FPG)糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血钙、血磷及高密度脂蛋白(HDL)无显著差异;OP组总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)高于非OP组。相关性分析显示BMD与BMI及血清钙呈正相关,而与年龄、病程、TC、LDL呈负相关,与血磷、FPG、HbA1c及HDL无明显相关性;此外男女性别间BMD存在显著差异,老年女性BMD低于老年男性。结论年龄是T2DM患者并发骨质疏松的重要危险因素,而高BMI能对骨质起相对保护作用;糖、脂代谢紊乱对骨密度的影响需引起重视;此外老年女性更应注意骨质疏松风险。     

绝经后妇女血清催乳素水平与骨代谢指标及骨密度相关性研究

目的评价绝经后妇女血清催乳素水平与骨代谢指标及骨密度相关性。方法 161名健康的绝经后妇女参加了该横断面研究。获得空腹静脉血样用于骨代谢指标和激素水平的评估。人体测量参数包括体重指数(BMI)和腰臀比(WHR)。使用DXA检测股骨颈(FN)和腰椎(LS)部位的BMD。结果本研究共纳入161名绝经后妇女,平均年龄(59.7±6.1)岁,平均绝经时间为(8.0±1.3)岁,血清催乳素为(54.98±6.15)μg/L; Spearman相关分析卵巢体积与年龄、YSM、FSH、PTH、LH、OC和CTX呈正相关; BMI、LS BMD、FN BMD、雌二醇、睾酮和25羟基维生素D呈负相关,与其他混杂因素无关。多元回归分析表明年龄、BMI、YSM、LS BMD、FN BMD、FSH、LH、雌二醇、OC和CTX是绝经后妇女催乳素升高的独立预测因子。结论绝经后妇女催乳素升高和雌激素水平降低、骨密度下降和骨转换加速密切相关。     

血清雌二醇和游离睾酮与老年男性骨密度的相关性

目的探讨老年男性血清雌二醇(E2)和游离睾酮(FT)与骨密度(BMD)的关系。方法采用双能X线法检测192例老年男性骨密度,根据其骨密度值分为骨量正常组、骨量减少组和骨质疏松组;免疫放射法检测血清E2、睾酮(T)、FT、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)、脱氢表雄酮硫酸酯(DHEAS)水平。比较各组间激素的差异及分析激素与骨密度的关系。结果 3组间E2、FT水平存在明显差异(P0.05);经年龄、体质量和BMI校正后,E2与各部位BMD正相关,FT与各部位(腰椎和华氏三角除外)BMD正相关;E2四分位BMD,在第1和第4间距差异有统计学意义(P0.05),在第1、2之间,3、4之间无差异(P0.05)。结论血清E2、FT水平与老年男性骨密度呈正相关;E2对骨密度的影响存在阈值,检测血清E2、FT水平可预防老年男性的骨量丢失。     

利拉鲁肽对男性2型糖尿病继发骨质疏松的治疗作用

目的 观察利拉鲁肽对男性T2DM 合并骨质疏松（OP）患者的治疗作用。 方法 研究病例均选自2018至2019年在我科住院的 T2DM患者,其中合并骨质疏松患者（OP 组）68 例,不合并骨质疏松的患者60 例,分别就两组患者病程、年龄、糖化血红蛋白、血脂、骨代谢指标及 BMD 水平进行差异性比较;然后将OP 组患者就治疗前、治疗12周及停药12周的骨代谢、骨密度进行研究比较。结果 ①OP 组 BMI、HbA1c、TC、TG、LDL、PTH、OC、TP1NP、β-CTX较 T2DM 组升高,BMD 降低;②男性T2DM 合并骨质疏松患者应用利拉鲁肽12周后,其BMI、HbA1c、LDL、TG、TP1NP、β-CTX均降低,25-OH-D、BMD升高;利拉鲁肽停止使用12周即研究结束时,OP组患者的TP1NP、HbA1c较停药前有所上升,而BMD则呈下降趋势;③OP组治疗12周时与对照组比较,HbA1c无明显差异,但LDL、TP1NP水平下降,25羟维生素D、BMD则上升,OP组BMI值与T2DM组差异缩小,肥胖程度改善。结论 利拉鲁肽除了有其良好的降糖效果,同时对体重管控及调节血脂均有益处,而且可以提高骨密度,并且这种对骨质的改善作用是独立于血糖血脂控制带来的骨质改善作用之外的,对于2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松症的患者能够双效治疗,可作为糖尿病合并骨质疏松症患者首选推荐用药,既能改善血糖血脂、管理体重,还能增加骨密度。     

2型糖尿病患者骨密度及骨代谢指标与糖尿病视网膜病变相关性的研究

目的探究2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、骨代谢指标及骨量异常情况与糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)的关系,为T2DM患者骨健康提供科学依据。方法入选2018年12月至2019年12月北京大学深圳医院内分泌科收治的T2DM患者,根据是否合并DR分为无DR组和DR组,比较2组间的性别、年龄、糖尿病病程、BMI、吸烟/饮酒史、BMD、骨代谢指标及骨量异常患病情况。结果总纳入T2DM患者616例,无DR组452例,DR组164例。与无DR组相比,DR组糖尿病病程较长,腰椎L1～L4、股骨及股骨颈BMD、T值、Z值均偏低,血Ca、24 h尿Ca、25(OH) D3偏低及血P、β-CTX偏高。T2DM合并视网膜病变骨量异常患病率偏高(59.8%vs 50.2%,OR=1.48; 95%CI:0.99～2.22)。结论 T2DM患者合并视网膜病变时骨形成及骨吸收指标表达均升高,骨转换率加速,PTH升高,破骨细胞活性增强,BMD下降,骨量异常患病率偏高。     

老年2型糖尿病对骨代谢的影响

目的探讨老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)对骨代谢的影响并分析其相关因素。方法采用双能X线骨密度仪测定194例老年患者骨密度(BMD),以低于峰值BMD 2.0个标准差为骨质疏松症(OP)的诊断标准,比较T2DM(T2DM组)、非T2DM(对照组)及6年以上T2DM(T2DM6年以上组)OP的检出率并进行分析。结果 (1)T2DM组骨质疏松(OP)的发病率高于对照组(P<0.05);T2DM 6年以上组OP的发病率高于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)随着年龄的增加、糖尿病病程的延长BMD值减低;糖尿病患者中女性是男性7倍;体重指数(BMI)是BMD的保护因素。结论 T2DM病程越长对BMD的影响越大;T2DM患者的高体重对BMD有保护作用;老年T2DM患者的骨量流失多在数年前已经发生,应注意早期预防和治疗OP。     

中老年2型糖尿病患者骨密度水平与代谢指标及并发症相关性分析

目的探讨中老年2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetic mellitus,T2DM)患者腰椎骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)与代谢指标及糖尿病并发症的关系。方法回顾性分析228例中老年T2DM患者的住院资料,按腰椎1～4(L1-L4)BMD的水平分为骨量正常组(T-1.0SD)、骨量减少组(-2.5 SDT≤-1.0 SD)及骨质疏松组(T≤-2.5 SD),比较各组临床资料、血糖控制、代谢指标、糖尿病并发症情况,并分析腰椎BMD与各指标的相关性。结果 (1)随骨密度下降,体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)下降,女性比例、感觉阈值(vibration perception threshold,VPT)增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);骨质疏松组年龄、糖化血清白蛋白(glycated albumin,GA)大于骨量正常及骨量减少组(P0.01),且发生糖尿病足病明显增加(P0.05);骨质疏松组病程、空腹及餐后2 h血糖大于骨量减少组(P0.05),腰围、尿酸、甘油三酯低于骨量正常组(P0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、血镁高于骨量正常组(P0.05);骨量减少组碱性磷酸酶高于骨量正常组(P0.05),腰围(P0.05)、尿酸(P0.01)、总胆固醇(P0.05)低于骨量正常组。(2)相关分析提示,腰椎BMD与年龄、性别(女)、GA、HDL-C、血镁、VPT(异常)呈负相关(P0.05);与腰围、BMI、尿酸、甘油三酯呈正相关(P0.01)。(3)以腰椎骨密度为因变量,进一步行多重线性回归分析,结果显示BMI、性别(女)、VPT(异常)、尿酸差异有统计学意义。结论女性患者和感觉阈值异常是T2DM患者骨密度降低的独立危险因素,而适当高BMI及高尿酸则是骨密度降低的保护因素。     

2型糖尿病患者合并骨量减少及骨质疏松症相关影响因素分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者合并骨量减少及骨质疏松症(osteoporsis,OP)相关影响因素。方法采用双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)测定617例住院T2DM患者股骨颈(N)及腰椎1~4(L1-4)的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),按BMD分为骨量正常、骨量减少及骨质疏松组,采用SPSS软件比较各组之间年龄、性别、病程及生化指标之间的差异性,分析T2DM骨密度相关影响因素。结果 OP组及骨量减少组女性比例、年龄均高于骨量正常组(P0.05),BMI低于骨量正常组(P0.05)。OP组T2DM病程大于骨量减少组及骨量正常组(P0.05),FPG、2h PG、糖化血红蛋白低于骨量正常组(P0.05),空腹C肽水平低于骨量正常组(P0.05)。血钙低于骨量减少组及骨量正常组(P0.05),骨量减少组空腹胰岛素水平低于骨量正常组(P0.05)。将上述结果进行Logistic回归分析结果显示:高龄、低FC-P水平、低Hb A1C、低BMI与T2DM合并骨量减少及OP有相关关系(P0.05)。结论老龄、低空腹C肽水平、低BMI的2型糖尿病患者易出现骨量减少及骨质疏松症。     

骨小梁评分在2型糖尿病患者中评价骨质量的应用

目的探讨骨小梁评分(trabecular bone score,TBS)在评价2型糖尿病患者骨质量中的应用。方法回顾性分析128例2型糖尿病患者和64例非糖尿病患者的腰椎骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)图像,通过骨小梁评分软件(TBS i Nsight software)计算得出骨小梁评分,分析两组患者的骨密度、骨小梁评分差异,并分析骨小梁评分和骨密度、年龄、体重的关系。结果和非糖尿病组相比,2型糖尿病患者组腰椎BMD升高(0.9103±0.1742 vs 0.8382±0.1422,P=0.005),TBS降低(1.2787±0.122 vs 1.3166±0.1016,P=0.033),在排除年龄、体重、骨密度的干扰后差异依然有统计学意义(P=0.008);相关性分析方面发现TBS和年龄呈负相关(r=-0.395,P0.001),和体质量指数呈负相关(r=-0.270,P0.001); TBS和腰椎BMD呈正相关,非糖尿病患者比糖尿病患者的相关性更强(r=0.563,P0.001 vs r=0.766,P0.001)。结论在2型糖尿病患者中骨小梁评分降低,这和2型糖尿病患者骨折风险增高的事实相符合,骨小梁评分可能成为评估2型糖尿病患者骨质量的指标。     

脂质运载蛋白2和老年2型糖尿病患者骨密度和骨转换标志物的相关性研究

目的探讨脂质运载蛋白2(lipocalin 2,LCN2)对老年2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者骨代谢的影响。方法研究对象共119例,其中84例为老年T2DM患者,35例为非T2DM对照。采取静脉血检测空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,Hb Alc)、25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]、I型胶原交联羧基末端肽(collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide,CTX)、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端延长肽(type 1 N-terminal procollagen,P1NP)、全段甲状旁腺素以及肌酐、血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)等指标,用ELISA法检测血清LCN2。用双能X线骨密度仪检测股骨颈和腰椎1~4(L1~4)的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)。结果老年T2DM患者血清LCN2水平高于非T2DM对照组(197.13±42.15 ng/m L vs172.29±54.71 ng/m L,P=0.01)。按照血清LCN2水平三分位数将T2DM患者分为3组。其中腰椎BMD、股骨颈BMD、P1NP和CTX伴随LCN2水平增高而增高,而FPG和Hb A1c伴随LCN2水平增高而降低(所有趋势P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,LCN2和T2DM患者BMD呈正相关(股骨颈:r=0.350,P=0.001;腰椎:r=0.355,P=0.001),和骨转换标志物呈正相关(P1NP:r=0.354,P=0.001;CTX:r=0.438,P0.001),和糖代谢指标呈负相关(FPG:r=-0.321,P=0.003;Hb A1c:r=-0.342,P=0.002)。进一步回归分析显示,LCN2是T2DM患者腰椎BMD的影响因素(P0.05)。结论血清LCN2水平和老年T2DM患者骨代谢相关,LCN2水平增高可能有助于BMD的增加。     

Muscular Maximal Strength Indices and Bone Variables in a Group of Elderly Women

The aim of the present study was to explore the relations between muscular maximal strength indices and bone parameters (bone mineral density [BMD], hip geometry indices, and trabecular bone score [TBS]) in a group of elderly women. This study included 35 healthy elderly women whose ages range between 65 and 75 yr (68.1 ± 3.1 yr). BMD (in gram per square centimeter) was determined for each individual by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the whole body, lumbar spine (L1–L4), total hip (TH), and femoral neck (FN). L1–L4 TBS and hip geometry indices were also evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Maximal muscle strength of bench press (1-repetition maximum [RM] bench press), maximal muscle strength of leg press (1-RM leg press), and handgrip were measured using validated methods. 1-RM bench press was positively correlated to TH BMD (r = 0.40; p < 0.05), FN BMD (r = 0.41; p < 0.05), FN section modulus (r = 0.33; p < 0.05), and FN cross-sectional moment of inertia (r = 0.35; p < 0.05). 1-RM leg press was positively correlated to TH BMD (r = 0.50; p < 0.01), FN BMD (r = 0.35; p < 0.05), FN cross-sectional area (r = 0.38; p < 0.05), and TBS (r = 0.37; p < 0.05). Handgrip was correlated only to FN cross-sectional moment of inertia (r = 0.43; p < 0.01). This study suggests that 1-RM bench press and 1-RM leg press are positive determinants of BMD in elderly women.     

Bone Mineral Density in Male Patients with L-Thyroxine Suppressive Therapy and Graves Disease

Little is known about the effects of thyroid hormone excess in male patients. Our aim was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers, and thyroid function in male patients with treated thyroid cancer on long-term suppressive L-T4 therapy (TC) and in male patients with Graves' disease (GD). We studied 49 male patients (aged 45+/-12 years), 17 with TC (29-288 months on L-T4 suppressive therapy; free T4: 1.9+/-0.6 ng/dl [normal< or =2.0]; TSH: 0.2+/-0.3 microU/ml [Normal 0.5-5.0]) and 32 with recent onset GD (<12 weeks, free T4: 2.0+/-1.4 ng/dl; TSH: 1.07+/-1.8 microU/ml; TSHRAb 53+/-45% [normal < 15]). BMD was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, Hologic QDR1000w) at the lumbar spine (L2-L4, LS), femoral neck (FN), and Ward's triangle (WT). Results were expressed as Z-score (SD compared to national controls). Total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (BGP), iPTH, serum phosphorus, serum, and 24 h urine calcium were measured as bone markers. Age, weight, and body mass index were comparable in both groups. Patients with TC and with GD showed reduced axial BMD (95% confidence interval: LS: TC (-1.27-0.01)(P = 0.046), GD (-1.06 to-0.38)(P < 0.001); FN: TC (-0.82 to-0.16)(P = 0.007), GD (-0.95 to-0.15)(P = 0.008); WT: TC (-0.82 to -0.18)(P = 0.004), GD (-0.97 to -0.08)(P = 0.024). No significant differences in BMD were found between the groups. Among bone markers, total ALP and osteocalcin levels showed higher levels in Graves' disease (ALP: 139+/-76 vs. 88+/-34, P < 0.01; BGP: 7.5+/-3.7 vs. 4.6+/-1.6; P < 0.001). Our data suggest a mild deleterious effect of thyroid hormone excess in the axial bone mass from male subjects. A skeletal status assessed by BMD in male patients with chronic TSH suppression by L-T4 or history of hyperthyroidism is recommended.     

Skin autofluorescence Is associated With low bone mineral density in type 2 diabetic patients

Although the risk of bone fracture is increased in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), bone mineral density (BMD) is increased rather than decreased. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) adversely influences the fracture resistance of bone in T2DM. We hypothesized that SAF is also associated with BMD levels in type 2 diabetic patients and aimed to evaluate the association of SAF with BMD and the presence of osteoporosis. This cross-sectional case-control study included 237 patients with T2DM (F/M: 133/104, 56.2±11.9 yrs) and 100 age- and sex-matched controls (F/M: 70/30, 54.8±8.8 yrs). Skin autofluorescence, a validated non-invasive measure of tissue AGEs, is used to detect the accumulation of AGEs in skin collagen using AGE Reader (DiagnOptics B.V., Groningen, The Netherlands). In addition, BMD was measured with DEXA (Lunar DPX-L). Patients with T2DM had higher SAF values compared to control group (2.21±0.53 AU vs. 1.79±0.33 AU, p < 0.001). Male subjects had higher SAF compared to women (2.34±0.53 AU vs. 2.11±0.50 AU, p < 0.001). Subjects with below -2.5 femoral neck or lumbar T scores had higher SAF measurements compared to subjects with normal T scores (2.46±0.53 AU vs. 2.18±0.52 AU, p = 0.006). Femoral neck BMD was lower in subjects with T2DM (0.946±0.345 g/cm² vs. 1.005±0.298 g/cm², p = 0.002). There was a negative correlation between SAF and femoral neck BMD (r=?0.24, p < 0.001), femoral neck T scores (r=-0.24, p < 0.001), L1-4 BMD (r=?0.10, p = 0.005), L1-4 T score (r=?0.16, p=0.001) and a positive correlation between SAF and age (r=0.44, p < 0.001), body mass index (r:0.16, p = 0.002) and HbA1c (r=0.37, p < 0.001). Accumulation of skin AGEs was increased, and BMD levels were decreased in diabetic patients. A negative association between SAF and BMD was detected, indicating a relationship between higher AGE accumulation and low BMD and osteoporosis in diabetic patients. Long-term prospective studies are needed to identify the practical use of SAF measurement in diabetic bone disease.     

血清锌、铜和脂质水平与绝经后妇女骨密度相关性研究

目的比较绝经后骨质疏松症女性和健康对照人群的血清锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)和血脂水平,并确定上述参数与骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)之间是否存在关联。方法研究对象为116名绝经后妇女,包括58例骨质疏松症患者[骨质疏松组,年龄(58.9±3.7)岁]和58名对照者[健康对照组,年龄(55.1±1.9)岁]。使用原子吸收分光光度法测定血清锌和铜含量,通过双能X线骨密度仪检测所有女性腰椎(L1～4)和左侧股骨颈的骨密度。结果两组患者血清锌和铜含量相近(P0.05);骨质疏松组血清低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和总胆固醇(TC)水平与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);相关分析显示体质量指数(bone mass index, BMI)与BMD值之间存在显著相关性(P0.05);血清Zn、Cu水平与血脂无显著相关性(P0.05);BMD与LDL(r=-0.302,P=0.002)和总胆固醇水平(r=-0.252,P=0.007)之间呈负相关。结论本研究表明血脂异常可能是绝经后妇女骨质疏松症的独立危险因素。此外,微量元素对BMD没有直接和相关的影响。     

男性2型糖尿病患者骨密度检测75例分析

目的 分析2型糖尿病（Type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）患者骨密度（Bone mineral density,BMD）与患者年龄、空腹及餐后血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血钙、血磷、甘油三脂及总胆固醇之间的关系,并分析其临床指导价值.方法选择2011年5月至2013年5月间,在本院初次诊断T2DM并以注射胰岛素作为血糖控制方案的男性患者.采用双能X线骨密度仪（Dual energy X-ray absorption,DEXA）检测腰椎前后位（L1～4）BMD值（g/cm2）,记录患者身高和体重以计算身体质量指数（Body mass index,BMI）,检测患者空腹血糖、餐后2小时血糖、糖化血红蛋白A1C（Hemoglobin A1C,HbA1c）、血钙、血磷、甘油三脂及总胆固醇浓度.结果 T2DM患者腰椎前后位（L1-4）平均BMD为（1.08±0.17）g/cm2,与年龄、血钙、血磷、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、身高、体重和BMI间均无相关性.T2DM患者BMD与其空腹血糖、餐后血糖和糖化血红蛋白呈负相关,差异均具有统计学意义（r=-0.666,P＜0.001;r=-0.74,P＜0.001;r=-0.693,P＜0.001）.结论中年男性T2DM患者血糖水平越高,平均持续时间越长患者BMD越低,对于糖化血红蛋白水平高者应积极开展BMD检查以早期发现低骨量和OP患者.     

Birth Weight and Adult Bone Metabolism Are Unrelated: Results From Birth Weight–Discordant Monozygotic Twins

Low birth weight (BW) has been associated with poor bone health in adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between BW and bone mass and metabolism in adult BW‐discordant monozygotic (MZ) twins. A total of 153 BW–extremely discordant MZ twin pairs were recruited from the Danish Twin Registry. Serum vitamin D (25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25OHD]) and bone turnover markers (BTMs) amino‐terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP), pyridinoline cross‐linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (1CTP), and cross‐linked C‐telopeptide (CTX) were quantified. Femoral neck (FN), total hip (TH), lumbar spine (LS), and whole‐body (WB) bone mineral density (BMD) (ie, FN‐BMD, TH‐BMD, LS‐BMD, and WB‐BMD, respectively) were measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Twins were studied as single individuals using regression analyses with or without adjustment for height, weight, age, sex, and intrapair correlation. Within‐pair differences were assessed using Student's t test and fixed‐regression models. BW was not associated with BTMs, LS‐BMD, TH‐BMD, FN‐BMD, or WB‐BMD, but BW was associated with WB‐BMC, and WB‐Area after adjustments. Compared to the co‐twin, twins with the highest BW were heavier and taller in adulthood (mean differences ± SD): 3.0 ± 10.5 kg; 1.6 ± 2.6 cm; both p < 0.001). Within‐pair analyses showed that LS‐BMD, TH‐BMD, and FN‐BMD tended to be higher in twins with highest BW (for all: mean difference 0.01 ± 0.1 g/cm²; p = 0.08, 0.05, and 0.10, respectively). No difference was observed after adjustment for adult body size. Intrapair differences in BW were not associated with differences in any of the biochemical parameters or BMD. Small differences between twins in BMD were explained by dissimilarities in body size. These results suggest that BW and adult bone metabolism are unrelated. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.