459例维持性血液透析患者骨密度相关因素的研究

目的探讨维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者跟骨骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)与透析相关的临床因素及骨代谢、生化指标之间的关系。方法选取2014年6月至2015年2月大连市中心医院MHD患者459例。记录MHD患者性别、年龄、原发病、透析时间、透析治疗方式、使用肝素类型、心血管疾病、主动脉钙化情况。同期检测患者治疗前血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、甲状旁腺素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)、血白蛋白(albumin,Alb)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、碳酸氢根(HCO_3~(2-))水平,计算尿素清除指数(Kt/V)情况。使用美国Sahara超声骨密度仪进行跟骨BMD测量。结果低通量透析患者较高通量透析患者BMD降低(P0.05),有主动脉钙化患者较无主动脉钙化患者BMD降低(P0.01);不同透析时间之间、糖尿病与非糖尿病之间BMD无明显差异。低分子肝素组与普通肝素组BMD比较无明显统计学差异。心血管疾病组与无心血管疾病组之间BMD无统计学差异。血磷及A1b水平与BMD呈正相关(r=0.136,P0.01;r=0.148,P0.01)。女性、年龄≥60岁、低通量透析、有主动脉钙化的患者更易发生骨质疏松,Logistic回归分析显示年龄≥60岁(OR=0.92,95%CI 0.892-0.949)、女性(OR=0.376,95%CI 0.203-0.697)、主动脉钙化(OR=0.01,95%CI:0.000-0.213)是MHD患者骨质疏松的独立危险因素。结论透析治疗方式、血管钙化可能是影响骨密度的因素,血磷和白蛋白水平在骨的生物学功能和骨的矿化过程可能发挥了重要的作用;高龄、女性、主动脉钙化可能是MHD患者骨质疏松的独立危险因素。     

维持性血液透析患者血浆同型半胱氨酸与骨密度的相关性研究

目的 探讨维持性血液透析（MHD）患者血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）与指骨骨密度（BMD）的关系.方法 选择2006年2月至2010年2月在我院住院的MHD患者94例,分别将男性和女性患者分为3组,骨质疏松组：T值＜-2;骨量减少组：T值-2～-1;正常骨量组：T值＞-1.分别比较3组男性和3组女性患者年龄、血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、血浆Hcy.对血浆Hcy水平与指骨BMD进行相关性分析,用逐步回归法以指骨BMD为自变量建立多元线性回归方程以分析指骨BMD的影响因素.结果 骨质疏松组年龄均大于骨量减少组和正常骨量组（P＜0.05）,骨量减少组年龄大于正常骨量组（P＜0.05）.3组血钙、血磷、ALP、Hcy差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.男性血浆Hcy水平与指骨BMD无相关性（r=0.267,P＞0.05）.年龄是指骨BMD的影响因素（回归系数b1=-0.002,P=0.022）.骨质疏松组血浆Hcy水平均高于骨量减少组和正常骨量组（P＜0.05）,而骨量减少组和正常骨量组Hcy差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.3组血钙、血磷、ALP差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.女性血浆Hcy水平与指骨BMD呈负相关（r=-0.527,P＜0.05）.年龄和Hcy是指骨BMD的影响因素（回归系数b1=-0.002,P=0.011;回归系数b4=-0.003,P=0.048）.结论 女性MHD患者高血浆Hcy水平可能与指骨BMD降低有关,男性MHD患者血浆Hcy水平与指骨BMD无相关性.血浆Hcy升高可能是女性MHD患者骨质疏松潜在的危险因素.     

维持性透析患者透析后血压变异的危险因素研究

目的:探讨维持性透析(MHD)患者透析后6 h内血压变异增加的危险因素。方法:选择稳定透析患者123例,根据患者透析后6 h的血压的变异度(BPV)分为收缩压高变异组(HSBPV)及收缩压低变异组(LSBPV)、舒张压高变异组(HDBPV)及舒张压低变异组(LDBPV),分析患者血压变异度的影响因素。结果:透析后6 h患者SBPV为(12.56±2.38)%、DBPV为(12.60±3.04)%。在高收缩压变异组与低收缩压变异两组的年龄、干体重、单次透析超滤量、细胞外液(ECW)、细胞内液(ICW)、血红蛋白、i PTH、TC差异有统计学意义(P0.05),高舒张压变异组与低舒张压变异两组的年龄、干体重、单次透析超滤量、ECW、ICW、血红蛋白、i PTH、TC差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。干体重、ECW、血红蛋白、i PTH、TC是MHD患者透析后收缩压变异度的独立危险因素(P0.05),年龄、TC是MHD患者透析后舒张压变异度的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:透析前细胞外液高容量、低血红蛋白血症、高胆固醇血症、炎症状态及未得到控制的继发性甲旁亢可增加MHD患者透析后6 h的收缩压变异度;高龄、高胆固醇血症可增加MHD患者透析后8 h的舒张压的变异度。     

单中心维持性血液透析患者的钙磷代谢调查

目的 探讨维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者钙磷代谢异常及继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的患病情况,并分析其相关危险因素.方法 选择2013年4月至2014年3月滁州市第一人民医院血液净化中心行MHD的203例患者进行调查,收集其一般资料,测定血钙、血磷、血全段甲状旁腺素(immunoreactive parathyroid hormone,iPTH),分析终末期肾脏疾病患者的患病率、达标率以及相关危险因素.结果 203例患者中,高钙血症50例,患病率为24.63％;低钙血症11例,患病率为5.42％;高磷血症88例,患病率为43.35％;低磷血症19例,患病率为9.36％;高iPTH86例,患病率为42.36％;低iPTH52例,患病率为25.62％.符合KDI-GO关于慢性肾脏病-矿物质和骨代谢异常诊断的患者比例高达97.54％.本组MHD患者血钙、血磷、iPTH达标率分别为69.95％、48.77％、32.02％.血钙、血磷、iPTH均达标仅17例(占8.37％).血钙和血磷的达标率低于透析预后与实践模式研究4 (the dialysis outcomes and practice patients sutdy 4,DOPPS4).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高iPTH的危险因素为高磷血症、低钙血症、碱性磷酸酶;低iPTH的危险因素为透析时间、年龄、碳酸钙服用史、活性维生素D服用史.结论 MHD患者慢性肾脏病-矿物质和骨代谢异常的发病率较高,与DOPPS4比较,慢性肾脏病-矿物质和骨代谢异常各项指标达标率较低,其并发症危害值得注意.重视血钙、血磷、血iPTH 的检测,及时纠正血钙、血磷、血iPTH的紊乱可减少透析相关慢性肾脏病-矿物质和骨代谢异常的发生.     

维持性血液透析患者主动脉钙化相关影响因素分析

目的：探讨维持性血液透析（MHD）患者主动脉钙化的相关影响因素。方法：采用胸部正位X线成像技术检测183例MHD患者主动脉钙化情况,将入选患者分为主动脉钙化组（A组）和主动脉无钙化组（B组）,透析前抽血检测血钙、血磷、全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）、C反应蛋白（CRP）和血清白蛋白（Alb）等指标,并计算钙磷乘积,比较两组年龄、透析龄和血清学指标的差异,将上述指标与主动脉钙化进行相关性分析,并对筛选出来的危险因素进行非条件Logistic回归分析。结果：A组和B组在年龄、透析龄、血磷、钙磷乘积和CRP水平方面,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）;MHD患者主动脉钙化的相关影响因素包括：年龄、透析龄、血磷、钙磷乘积及CRP;Logistic回归分析表明,年龄、透析龄和血磷是主动脉钙化的独立危险因素（P〈0.01）。结论：MHD患者主动脉钙化相当常见,主动脉钙化与年龄、透析龄、钙磷代谢和炎症状态有关。     

维持性血液透析患者矿物质代谢研究

目的 探讨新乡地区维持性血液透析（MHD）患者矿物质代谢现况及相关影响因素,以提高本地区MHD患者生存质量.方法 收集2012年1月至2013年8月新乡地区4家综合性医院466例MHD3个月以上患者的临床资料.检测血清钙离子、磷、全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）及碱性磷酸酶（ALP）水平.分析MHD患者矿物质代谢现况及其与年龄、透析龄、营养不良、透析充分性的关系.结果 466例患者血钙平均值为（1.95±0.34） mmol/L,血磷平均值为（2.54± 1.38）mmol/L,iPTH平均值为（409±346）ng/L;钙、磷、iPTH达标率分别为34.3％（160/466）、20.4％（95/466）和25.5％ （119/466）.年龄≥60岁组（n=159）患者的血磷[（2.27±0.95）mmol/L比（2.68± 1.54） mmol/L]、iPTH[（344±235） ng/L比（437±383）ng/L]、ALP值[（49.0±36.4）mmol/L比（77.1±78.5） mmol/L]均低于年龄＜60岁组（n=307）（P均＜0.01）.iPTH＞ 300ng/L组（n=242）的血磷、ALP、透析龄明显高于iPTH≤300 ng/L组（n=224）（均P＜0.01）.透析龄≥24个月组（n=228）患者的血磷[（2.70±1.49） mmol/L比（2.35±1.20） mmol/L]、血钙[（1.88±0.35） mmol/L比（2.03±0.31） mmol/L]、iPTH[（493±384） ng/L比（301±249） ng/L]、ALP值[（74.3±73.3） mmol/L比（52.0±51.0）mmol/L]与透析龄＜24个月组（n=238）比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）.结论 该地区MHD患者存在着明显的矿物质代谢紊乱及甲状旁腺机能亢进症,透析龄长的患者及年轻透析患者高磷血症、低钙血症更为突出.     

老年维持性血液透析患者死因分析

目的：探讨老年维持性血液透析（ MHD）患者的死亡原因及相关危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2009年9月~2013年10月在我院行MHD治疗的76例老年患者，统计死亡原因；比较死亡组（研究组）和存活组（对照组）间的人口学资料、原发疾病、透析3个月时的血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、钙、磷等相关临床指标；分析死亡的危险因素。结果：心血管疾病、感染、脑血管疾病和消化道出血是老年MHD患者的主要死亡原因；与存活组相比，死亡组患者中男性多于女性（P〈0.05）；使用导管作为血管通路的患者多于使用动静脉内瘘的患者（P〈0.05）；患者的透析龄、BMI、透析3个月时的Hb、Hct、Alb、TC、P3-、iPTH、Scr低于存活组患者（P〈0.05）；CRP高于存活组患者（P〈0.05）。 Logistic回归分析显示，高CRP和低iPTH是死亡的独立危险因素（P〈0.05）。结论：在老年MHD患者中，心血管疾病是首要的死亡原因；高CRP和低iPTH是死亡的独立危险因素。     

维持性血液透析患者微炎症与肌少症相关性研究

目的:探讨维持性血液透析(Maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者微炎症与肌少症的相关性研究。方法:收集我院门诊及住院的维持血液透析3个月以上且病情稳定的患者145例,依照欧洲老年肌少症工作组(EWGSOP)制订的诊断标准,分为无肌少症组、肌少症前期组及肌少症期组,检测各组生化指标及微炎症因子水平。结果:1.各组患者一般情况比较:患者的透析龄、BMI、i PTH、CRP、NF-κB具有统计学差异,而Scr、BUN、UA、Hb、生化离子、血脂等无统计学意义。2.危险因素分析:透析龄、BMI及高CRP水平是MHD患者肌少症的独立危险因素。结论:本研究结果表明,微炎症反应是MHD患者肌少症发病的重要危险因素,其具体机制有待于进一步研究。     

维持性血液透析患者不同透析龄营养状况的评价

目的 通过相关营养指标比较维持性血液透析(MHD)患者不同透析龄营养状况的差异.方法 纳入非住院MHD患者186例,使用人体成分分析仪结合人体测量学及相关实验室指标检测MHD患者营养指标,包括体质指数、蛋白质、体脂率、肌肉量、内脏脂肪面积、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂肌围、白蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯及CRP.结果 根据透析龄的不同分为三组(＜ 36个月、36～ 72个月、＞72个月),三组之间年龄、白蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、CRP、蛋白质、肌肉量、内脏脂肪面积均没有统计学差异(P＜0.05).＞ 72个月组患者BMI、AMC明显低于＜36个月组患者,＜36个月组患者TSF、体脂率明显高于其他组.结论 透析龄越大,BMI、肌肉及脂肪越低,透析龄超过72个月的MHD患者更应加强营养指导和营养监测,对营养不良患者及时采取个体化营养治疗,延长患者存活时间,提高患者生存质量,减少患者死亡率.     

单中心腹膜透析患者钙磷代谢不达标的影响因素分析

目的回顾性分析山西医科大学第二医院腹膜透析中心近5年腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)患者钙磷及全段甲状旁腺素(intact parathyroid hormone,iPTH)等相关生化指标,分析矿物质及骨代谢异常产生的原因,进一步提高PD患者的生活质量和改善预后。方法选取山西医科大学第二医院2014年1月至2018年12月间进行长期维持性腹膜透析患者102例,随访3个月以上,回顾性分析患者的基线和最后一次回院随访资料。了解其钙磷代谢紊乱情况,并按血钙、血磷及iPTH水平分为达标组、不达标组,比较两组临床资料差异,探讨山西省部分地区PD患者钙磷代谢不达标的影响因素。结果 PD患者中,男女比0.79∶1,年龄(51.2±13.9)岁,基线血钙、血磷、iPTH及碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)水平分别为(2.07±0.26)mmol/L、(1.8±0.5)mmol/L、(387.8±40.3)pg/mL、(103.9±10.3)U/L,最后一次随访时平均血钙、血磷、iPTH及ALP水平分别为(2.16±0.27)mmol/L、(2.0±0.8)mmol/L、(497.8±39.6)pg/mL、(101.4±10.0)U/L。血钙、血磷及iPTH达标率分别为37.25%、48.04%、19.61%,最后一次随访时血钙、血磷及iPTH达标率分别为48.04%、34.31%、13.73%。钙磷代谢指标控制不达标因素分析结果显示:基线血肌酐(Scr)是血钙不达标的影响因素;基线钙磷乘积是血磷不达标的影响因素;透析时间是iPTH不达标的影响因素;透析时间、基线ALP是ALP不达标的影响因素。结论山西地区PD患者钙磷代谢紊乱问题突出,血钙、磷及iPTH达标率不理想,影响钙磷代谢不达标的因素有Scr、透析时间、钙磷乘积。     

血液透析患者血清FGF23水平的影响因素及其与矿物质骨代谢异常的关系研究

目的分析维持性血液透析患者血清成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF23)水平的影响因素,并探究其与矿物质骨代谢异常及血管钙化的关系。 方法2018年1月至2月期间纳入在南方医科大学附属东莞市人民医院进行维持性血液透析3个月以上患者380例,记录其性别、年龄、透析龄、透析充分性及降磷药物使用情况。透析前抽取血清检查钙、磷、全段甲状旁腺素(iPTH)及碱性磷酸酶等矿物质骨代谢指标,以及血红蛋白、白蛋白、血糖、血脂、血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血清β2微球蛋白等指标。使用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清FGF23,多层螺旋CT进行冠状动脉钙化评分(MSCT)。采用t检验和卡方检验对维持性血液透析患者FGF23的影响因素进行单因素分析,之后使用多元线性逐步回归方法进行多因素分析。 结果本中心维持性血液透析患者血清FGF23中位数水平为8 905.3 ng/L,根据患者的FGF23水平50%中位数将患者分为低水平组(组1)和高水平组(组2)两组。单因素分析结果表明,透析龄、每次透析时间、透析超滤量及使用非含钙降磷药物和透析频次为FGF23水平的影响因素。透析龄更大,每次透析时间长,每周透析次数多、透析超滤量大的患者FGF23水平更高(均P<0.05)。在FGF23水平高于中位数的患者中,尿素氮、血肌酐和血清β2微球蛋白水平更高(均P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,透析龄长和血肌酐升高是FGF23升高的危险因素(均P<0.001)。同时,高FGF23水平与血清钙、血清磷、iPTH水平和高冠状动脉钙化评分相关。 结论透析龄、每次透析时间、透析超滤量、透析频次、尿素氮、血肌酐、血清β2微球蛋白水平与维持血液透析患者FGF23升高有关。透析龄长和血肌酐高是FGF23升高的危险因素。FGF23与维持性血液透析患者矿物质骨代谢和冠状动脉钙化明显相关。     

Sarcopenia in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: incidence rate,risk factors and its effect on survival risk

Background Sarcopenia is a degenerative syndrome mainly characterized by the atrophy of skeletal muscle, along with the decrease of muscle strength and function. However, there are currently few studies concerning sarcopenia in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis dialysis (MHD). This study was aimed to investigate the incidence of sarcopenia in MHD patients and its influencing factors, as well as its impact on survival risk. Method All 131 MHD patients enrolled in our study were tested with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and grip strength. Demographic data was collected and anthropometric measurement and laboratory examination were conducted. Results The total incidence of sarcopenia within the 131 MHD patients was 13.7% and the incidence of sarcopenia in patients over 60 years was 33.3%. The dialysis duration, with or without diabetes, serum phosphorus and pre-albumin levels of sarcopenic patients were significantly different from those of non-sarcopenicones; the modified quantitative subjective global assessment (MQSGA) scores of sarcopenic patients were higher than those without sarcopenia. Multivariate analysis showed that dialysis duration, diabetes and serum phosphorus level were independent risk factors for sarcopenia in MHD patients. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed a one-year survival of 88.9% in sarcopenic patients, which was significantly lower than non-sarcopenic patients. Conclusion The incidence of sarcopenia in MHD patients was high and increased gradually with age. Dialysis duration, diabetes, serum phosphorus level and malnutrition predisposed the patients to sarcopenia. One-year follow-up found that the mortality risk of sarcopenic patients was higher than that of non-sarcopenic patients.     

骨量减少或骨质疏松症合并2型糖尿病患者血清视黄醇结合蛋白4水平与骨密度的联系

目的探讨50岁以上2型糖尿病患者伴有骨量减少或骨质疏松症血清视黄醇结合蛋白4 (retinol binding protein 4,RBP4)、骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)与其他相关骨代谢指标之间的关系。方法 2016年4月至2017年8月在我院就诊的2型糖尿病患者(n=204例)入选本研究。采用双能X线骨密度仪测量BMD,分为正常骨密度组(110例)、骨量减少组(69例)和骨质疏松组(25例)。同时确定血清RBP4和其他生物标志物。结果与正常骨密度组相比,骨量减少和骨质疏松组患者血清RBP4、体重、钙和体质量指数(bone mass index,BMI)均与BMD呈正相关。相比之下,年龄、糖尿病病程和碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)与所有测试部位的BMD呈负相关。在未调整的分析中,年龄、性别、糖尿病持续时间、ALP与股骨颈、髋部和腰椎BMD呈负相关,而体重、BMI和RBP4与所有部位的BMD呈正相关。在多元回归分析中,根据年龄、体重、BMI和其他骨骼相关因素进行校正,结果显示,在所有部位,血清RBP4与BMD之间呈逐级递增关系。结论与2型糖尿病患者的正常骨密度组相比,调整其他因素后,在骨量减少和骨质疏松症组中患者血清RBP4与所有部位的骨密度均呈正相关。     

Association of FGF23 and Klotho protein with bone mineral density in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To explore the association between serum FGF23 and Klotho protein, and bone mineral density in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods A total of 125 MHD patients admitted in the Hospital between January 2015 and November 2015 was enrolled. Their bone mineral densities of femur neck and lumbar spine were studied by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. These patients were divided into three groups as normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic, according to World Health Organization criteria based on bone mineral density T scores. Levels of serum FGF23, Klotho protein and 1,25(OH)2VitD3 were measured by ELISA. The parameters including calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone were assessed. Results The incidences of osteopenia and osteoporosis at the femur neck and lumbar spine in MHD patients were 82.40% and 56.00% respectively. No significant difference was found in the levels of serum FGF23 among normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic groups on the basis of femur neck and lumbar spine bone mineral density (P﹥0.05). No correlation was found between FGF23 and bone mineral density. There however were significant differences in the levels of serum Klotho protein among three groups on the basis of femoral neck bone mineral density (P＜0.05). And the levels of Klotho protein in the osteoporotic group [(387.172±54.137) ng/L] were significantly decreased than those in normal group [(429.883±41.776) ng/L] and osteopenic group [(410.598±61.056) ng/L] (P＜0.05). There were also significant differences in the levels of serum Klotho protein among three groups in terms of lumbar spine bone mineral density (P＜0.05), while the levels of Klotho protein in the osteopenic group [(387.263±53.255) ng/L] were significantly decreased than those in normal group [(417.108±56.179) ng/L] (P＜0.05). A positive correlation was found between Klotho protein and bone mineral densities of femur neck and lumbar spine. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that one of the main factors influencing the degree of bone mineral density in MHD patients was Klotho protein. Conclusions CKD-MBD with low BMD is common and widespread in hemodialysis patients. FGF23 has no direct effect on bone mineral density in MHD patients; while Klotho protein is correlated with the severity of bone mineral density. High-level Klotho protein may reduce the severity of CKD-MBD with low BMD in MHD patients.     

Prevalence and influencing factors of peritoneal calcification in patients with long peritoneal dialysis duration

Objective To investigate the prevalence and related factors of peritoneal calcification in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with long dialysis duration, and to explore the relationship between peritoneal calcification and vascular calcification. Methods This cross-section study enrolled PD patients who had received PD for more than 4 years in Peking University People's Hospital. Peritoneal calcification and abdominal aortic calcification were reviewed by CT scan. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, laboratory data including calcium phosphorus metabolism indexes (Ca, P, ALP and iPTH) and PD adequacy were collected. The influencing factors of peritoneal calcification were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. The correlation between peritoneal calcification and abdominal aortic calcification were tested by Spearman correlation analysis. SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results (1) Seventy-nine PD patients were enrolled: 32 males (40.5%); mean age was (58.7±13.1) years and average PD duration was 77.25(58.00, 88.00) months. The major primary diseases were glomerulonephritis (46.8%) and diabetic nephropathy (30.4%). (2) 6 patients (7.6%) had CT-detectable peritoneal calcification. 77(97.5%) patients were found with various degrees of peritoneal thickening. The prevalence of peritoneal calcification was 7.6% in patients with PD duration more than 4 years, 10.3% in patients with PD duration more than 6 years, 18.8% in patients with PD duration more than 8 years and 40.0% in patients with PD duration more than 10 years, showing an increasing trend. Compared with non-peritoneal calcification group, the patients in peritoneal calcification group received higher doses of Vitamin D (P＜0.001) and lower triglyceride levels (P=0.041). The patients were divided into two groups according to whether dialysis duration was longer than 9 years, and the proportion of patients with long PD duration in peritoneal calcification group was higher (P=0.013). Logistic regression analysis showed that PD duration, calcium and phosphorus metabolism indexes were not independent risk factors of peritoneal calcification. High vitamin D dose was an independent risk factor for peritoneal calcification (B=2.667, OR=14.394, 95%CI 1.655 - 125.165, P=0.016). (3) 74 patients were found with abdominal aortic calcification in different degrees, and the prevalence rate of abdominal aortic calcification was 93.7%. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between peritoneal calcification and vascular calcification (r=0.70, P=0.542). Conclusions The prevalence of peritoneal calcification in long PD duration patients is low. Peritoneal calcification may be associated with high Vitamin D dose and long PD duration.     

Vascular calcification in dialysis patients

The risk factors for vascular calcification (VC) in dialysis patients include duration of dialysis, diabetes mellitus, aging, hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, and calcium or vitamin D supplementation. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for VC in our dialysis population. METHODS: One hundred twenty-nine chronic dialysis patients underwent plain x-rays of the hands for VC. Patients were grouped as either positive (PVC) or negative (NVC) for VC. Age, gender, duration of dialysis, presence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), oral calcium, and 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 supplement, serum levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), calcium phosphorus product (CaxP), alkaline phosphates (ALP) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients (26.35%) showed VC. There were no differences between PVC and NVC patients for duration of dialysis (38.4 +/- 27.7 for PVC and 34.6 +/- 31.2 months for NVC, P = .80), levels of serum Ca (P = .26), P (P = .19), CaxP (P = .33), ALP (P = .89), or iPTH (P = .24). Similarly, oral calcium and 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 intake were not different between the two groups (P = .971 and P = .3710 respectively). Compared to NVC patients, PVC patients were older (56.3 +/- 10.4 versus 47.5 +/- 16.1 years, P = .008) and had a greater incidence of NIDDM (17/34 PVC and diabetic versus 20/95 NVC, P = .001). In conclusion, for patients with a medium length of dialysis, the duration of dialysis as well as the doses of calcium salts and of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 were not significantly associated with vascular calcifications, but it was not possible to exclude a role for these and other factors in patients with longer dialysis.     

糖尿病与非糖尿病维持性血液透析患者血管钙化的对比研究

目的探讨糖尿病维持性血液透析（MHD）患者血管钙化的影响因素。方法选择我院MHD患者90例,其中糖尿病组21例、非糖尿病组69例。检测2组透析前、后血压、心率、相关血生化指标以及全段甲状旁腺素（iPTH）、1,84-PTH、25一羟一维生素功,比较2组血管钙化情况,探讨糖尿病组患者血管钙化的相关因素。结果与非糖尿病组相比,糖尿病组透析前血肌酐较低,三酰甘油较高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇较低（P〈0．05）。糖尿病组iPTH达标率高于非糖尿病组,而钙磷乘积低于后者（P〈0．05）。糖尿病组钙化发生率和钙化积分高于非糖尿病组（P〈0．05）。对糖尿病MHD患者,血管钙化积分与糖尿病病程、慢性肾脏病（CKD）病程、透析时间、iPTH、碱性磷酸酶呈正相关（r值分别为0．491、0499、0．652、0．727和0．564,P值均〈0．05）。结论与非糖尿病患者相比,患有糖尿病的MHD患者有较高的血管钙化发生率及较重的血管钙化程度;其中糖尿病病程、CKD病程、透析时间、iPTH、ALP可能参与糖尿病患者血管钙化的发生和发展。     

慢性肾脏疾病3～5期矿物质异常的横断面研究

目的了解湖北地区慢性肾脏疾病（chronic kidney diseases,CKD）3～5期患者矿物质代谢异常的现状及影响因素,为非透析CKD3～5期矿物质及骨代谢紊乱的患者提供诊治依据。方法将湖北省中医院肾内科门诊及住院的123例CKD3～5期患者分为3组（根据肾小球滤过率分组：CKD3组、CKD4组、CKD5组）,比较CKD患者的血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积、碱性磷酸酶（alka—linephos phatase,ALP）、全段甲状旁腺素（immunoreactive parathyroid hormone,iPTH）水平,并评估继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的发病率及其相关影响因素。结果患者血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积、ALP及iPTH水平在CKD3～5期之间比较均有统计学差异（P〈0．01,P〈0．001）。随着CKD病程的进展,血钙逐渐下降,血清磷、钙磷乘积及iPTH水平逐渐上升。根据统计结果,CKD5期血钙水平较CKD3、4期明显下降（P〈0．05,P〈O．001）,CKD5期患者的钙磷乘积、ALP水平比CKD3、4期明显升高（P〈0．01,P〈O．001）,CKD3期患者血清磷、钙磷乘积及iPTH水平与CKD4期相比有显著统计学差异（P〈0．05,P〈O．001）,而CKD3期和CKD4期患者的血钙、ALP水平无显著差异（P〉0．05）。以iPTH为因变量,性别、年龄、病程、血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积、ALP和肾小球滤过率（glomerularfiltrationrate,GFR）为自变量线性相关分析,结果提示iPTH水平与血钙、GFR成负相关（P〈0．001）、与血磷、ALP成正相关（P〈0．01）,与钙磷乘积无相关性,再次基础上做多元相关回归分析,结果显示相关回归系数R：0．51,血钙、ALP、GFR是iPTH升高的独立相关因素（P〈0．01和P〈O．001）。结论CKD患者的钙磷代谢紊乱在疾病的早期即存在,且随疾病的进展而不断加重。继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的发病与CKD进程、血钙及ALP有密切关系。     

血液透析患者的动脉僵硬度及相关因素

目的 研究维持性血液透析（MHD）患者的动脉僵硬度并探讨相关影响因素。 方法 采用Complior SP 脉搏波速度（PWV）测定仪测定MHD患者单次透析前后颈动脉-股动脉PWV（CFPWV）和颈动脉-桡动脉PWV（CRPWV）。检测相关血生化指标和全段甲状旁腺素（iPTH）水平。多元逐步回归方法分析影响PWV的因素。配对t检验比较单次透析前后PWV的变化。36例性别、年龄匹配的健康成人作为对照。 结果 入选患者90例，男性48例，女性42例，平均年龄（59.8±14.5）岁，平均透析龄（29.4±28.8）个月。CFPWV为（13.22±3.23） m/s，CRPWV为（9.58±1.87） m/s，均高于健康对照（P < 0.05）。多元逐步回归分析结果显示，年龄和脉压是CFPWV的独立影响因素；透析龄、钙磷乘积、iPTH、低密度脂蛋白和平均动脉压是影响CRPWV的因素。单次透析前后PWV差异无统计学意义。 结论 MHD患者存在大、中动脉弹性的下降，年龄和脉压是大动脉僵硬度的影响因素。中等肌性动脉僵硬度更易受透析相关指标的影响。