急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后非梗死相关动脉病变进展的临床研究

目的观察急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后梗死相关动脉病变进展情况及其临床相关因素。方法对519例STEMI患者直接PCI治疗,临床随访6个月,观察患者因冠心病临床症状再次血管重建率。结果 112例患者因冠心病临床症状行冠状动脉造影检查,其中72例患者行再次PCI治疗,其中罪犯血管PCI 27例(梗死相关动脉再次PCI组:包括支架内再狭窄19例,支架血栓8例),非梗死相关动脉病变进展45例(非梗死相关动脉再次PCI组);未再次PCI患者447例(未再次PCI组)。3组患者年龄、性别、糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症、吸烟、既往心肌梗死、既往PCI、既往冠状动脉旁路移植术、左心室射血分数、血清低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇水平、≥2支血管病变率比较差别均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而血清C-反应蛋白水平、直接PCI支架长度比较差别有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论急性STEMI患者直接PCI术后再次血管重建主要是由于非梗死相关动脉病变进展所致。     

急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后非梗死相关动脉病变进展的临床研究现状

随着经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)技术的日益成熟,极大地挽救了濒死心肌,降低了恶性心血管事件的发生率,从而改善急性心肌梗死患者的预后。直接PCI治疗在急诊胸痛中的应用越来越广泛,其临床疗效的评价已引起越来越多介入心脏医师的重视。急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者中由于较多患者存在多支血管病变,使其成为高病死率的危险亚群。直接PCI可以改善梗死相关动脉(IRA)的血流灌注,最大程度地缩小心肌梗死面积。但直接PCI术干预IRA后可能加速非IRA病变进展,而非IRA病变进展可能对急性STEMI患者直接PCI术后预后产生重要影响。     

直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死出现“无血流”的临床意义

目的　探讨直接经皮冠状动脉介入 (PCI)治疗急性心肌梗死 (AMI)出现“无血流”(no flow ,NF)的发生率及其临床意义。方法　 99例连续行直接PCI的AMI患者根据冠状动脉造影中有无NF现象分为NF组( 18例 ,占 18.2 % )和非NF组 ( 81例 ) ,计算NF的发生率 ,分析两组的一般临床特征、心功能和心血管事件的发生率。结果　与非NF组比较 ,NF组既往有心肌梗死、糖尿病、前壁心肌梗死史和多支血管病变的发生率明显增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;NF组左室射血分数 (LVEF)显著降低 ( 0 .38± 0 .11∶0 .6 3± 0 .10 ,P <0 .0 1) ;住院及随访期间 ,NF组非致死性心力衰竭 ( 2 1.4 %∶4 .8% ,P <0 .0 5 )和复合终点事件 ( 4 2 .9%∶18.5 % ,P <0 .0 5 )明显增加 ,总死亡率有增加趋势 ,但差异无显著性 ;而不稳定性心绞痛、非致死性再次心肌梗死、缺血性靶血管重建和总的心脏性死亡的发生率无明显降低。结论　直接PCI治疗AMI过程中 ,NF的发生率为 18.2 % ;出现NF者的心功能降低 ,近、远期预后差     

尿激酶对直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后无复流患者的疗效观察

目的探讨尿激酶对直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后无复流(NF)的疗效。方法将71例急性心肌梗死(AMI)直接PCI术后NF患者随机分成尿激酶组(35例)和对照组(36例),尿激酶组PCI术后即刻予25万U尿激酶冠状动脉内注射,15 min后行冠状动脉造影,观察心肌梗死溶栓研究(TIMI)和Blush血流分级改变情况,术后第1天起再予尿激酶25万U静脉滴注,共3 d。两组术中均根据血压情况予必要的常规处理,比较两组一般临床特征、心功能及随访心血管事件的发生率。结果①尿激酶组TIMI及Blush血流较治疗前无明显改善,术后1 h ST段抬高下降幅度≥50％者占42．8％,与对照组(30．5％)的差异无显著性(P>0．05),术后72 h ST段抬高下降幅度≥50％者占77．1％,与对照组(52．8％)的差异有显著性(P<0．05)。②尿激酶组术后10 d梗死心肌节段心肌灌注积分为(3．00±1．25)分,显著低于对照组的(3．77±1．36)分(P<0．05)。③住院期间尿激酶组与对照组的左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、室壁运动积分(WMSI)和左室射血分数(LVEF)的差异均无显著性(P值均>0．05)。但尿激酶组随访期间的LVEDV、LVESV、WMSI较住院期间显著降低,LVEF则显著增加(P值均<0．05);对照组LVEDV、LVESV及WMSI较住院期间显著增加,LVEF则显著降低(P值均<0．05)。④尿激酶组在住院期间及随访期间恶性心律失常和心力衰竭的发生率较对照组显著下降(P值均<0．05);不稳定心绞痛、再次心肌梗死、再次血运重建及死亡发生率的差异无显著性(P值均>0．05)。结论应用小剂量尿激酶能改善心肌梗死后的左室重构,减少心脏事件的发生,对改善AMI直接PCI后NF的不良影响有一定作用。     

急性心肌梗死延迟造影见梗死相关动脉病变分析

目的:观察分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)后延迟冠脉造影见梗死相关动脉(IRA)病变情况。方法:562例AMI发病后24h～3月内行冠脉造影术。结果:562例AMI明确IRA共559支,有4例IRA不能判定。呈闭塞状态198(35.17%)支,次全闭塞及严重狭窄病变24(443.34%)支,其中有8例血流为TIMI0～1级,未达功能再通。临界狭窄83(14.74%)支,无明显狭窄3(86.75%)支,其中冠脉正常6例。结论:AMI后无论是否接受静脉溶栓治疗,大部分IRA呈闭塞或次全闭塞及严重狭窄,应及早行冠脉造影,以了解IRA情况,及时行血运重建治疗。     

经桡动脉直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗现状

急性心肌梗死(AMI)是威胁健康的疾病之一,其治疗方式主要有直接经皮冠状动脉介入和溶栓两种,以前者占主导地位。冠状动脉介入的手术入径主要有股动脉与桡动脉,经桡动脉直接经皮冠状动脉介入在减少血管并发症、改善术后患者舒适度上占有极大优势。然而,时间在AMI的抢救中占据极其重要的地位,因此在选择治疗方式时应慎重。该文就经桡动脉直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的现状、安全性及有效性予以综述。     

急性心肌梗死合并多支血管病变患者非梗死相关动脉处理的时机

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并多支血管病变(MVD)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)开通非梗死相关动脉(Non-IRA)的最佳时机。 方法 纳入AMI合并MVD患者357例,根据是否干预及干预Non-IRA的时机分为对照组(只干预罪犯血管且未择期开通Non-IRA)(n=117)、MV-PCI组(急诊PCI同时开通Non-IRA)(n=32)、0~7 d组(n=28)(排除MV-PCI患者)、8~30 d组(n=84)、31~60 d组(n=96),随访2年。比较各组基本临床资料、冠脉造影\PCI情况和2年内主要心血管不良事件(MACE)等。 结果 院内MACE发生率对照组最低(3.4%),其次为31~60 d组(4.2%),MV-PCI组最高(18.8%)(P=0.02)。随访MACE发生率对照组最高(59.8%)(P<0.01)。累积MACE发生率31~60 d组最低(18.80%)(P<0.01)。 结论 PCI干预非梗死相关动脉能够改善预后;急诊PCI一次性完全血运重建风险较大;心肌梗死后31~60 d为干预AMI患者非梗死相关动脉的较理想时机。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后无复流现象的研究进展

急性心肌梗死(AMI)再灌注治疗包括溶栓和经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),目前普遍应用于临床,主要是开通梗死相关动脉,使缺血心肌得到充分再灌注,保护心脏功能.但临床上却发现,有些病例虽然冠脉造影显示心外膜血管已开通,但前向血流无或缓慢,使心肌组织无灌注或灌注不良,即为"无复流"(non-reflow).目前PCI广泛应用于冠心病(CHD)的临床治疗,尽管取得很好的临床疗效,仍有一部分发生"无复流",是PCI的严重并发症,严重影响患者的预后.     

AMI患者急诊PCI术后无复流现象的相关因素及近期预后

作为急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)后再灌注治疗的有效方法,经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗能使梗死相关动脉得到快速、完全和持久的开通,从而达到缩小梗死范围,保持心室功能,降低死亡率,改善患者预后和提高生活质量的目的[1]。但临床观察发现     

急性心肌梗死患者急诊介入术中血栓抽吸的临床应用评价

目的:对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中应用血栓抽吸术的疗效进行评价,探讨血栓抽吸术在急性心梗患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中的应用价值。方法:收集吉林大学中日联谊医院心内科2007年3月～2010年3月收住的急性心肌梗死患者中急诊冠脉造影提示梗死相关动脉血流TIMI 0～1级、并行PCI治疗的36例患者的临床资料。对比分析应用抽吸技术的患者及对照组的临床及造影资料。结果:对于行血栓抽吸的直接PCI患者,其心肌灌注水平高于常规PCI治疗组,但其心功能相关指标未见明显差异。结论:直接PCI是急性心肌梗死心肌再灌注的重要方法,通过血栓抽吸可改善心肌再灌注水平。     

替罗非班对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术患者的疗效

目的:探讨替罗非班治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)患者的有效性及安全性。方法:对阿司匹林加氯吡格雷常规治疗组(对照组)50例和加用替罗非班三联抗血小板治疗组(观察组)50例的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果:PCI术后30 d,观察组出现的主要不良心血管事件,包括心源性死亡、非致死性心肌再梗死、靶血管再次血运重建、严重心绞痛的发生率为4.0%,低于对照组的18.0%(P0.05);PCI术后48 h及30 d,2组轻度出血及血小板减少并发症的发生率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),2组均未发生严重出血并发症。结论:STEMI患者行急诊PCI术中及术后48 h联合应用替罗非班治疗能进一步减少术后30 d主要不良心血管事件,且安全性良好。     

Frequency of infarct-related artery with myocardial bridging in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and its impact upon percutaneous coronary intervention

Background Myocardial bridging （MB） as a congenital condition with a reported frequency of 5%-12% in diagnostic coronary angiography may be an important factor causing myocardial ischemia. However, its frequency in the infarct-related artery （IRA） of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） and the impact upon percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） remain undetermined. In this study, we investigated MB frequency and its impact upon primary PCI in patients with STEMI. Methods The data of coronary angiography for 554 consecutive patients with STEMI who had undergone successful primary PCI were retrospectively analyzed to identify a frequency of MB in the IRA and its association with gender and age. According to the angiographic findings, the patients were divided into MB patients and non-MB patients. The endpoints of this study included immediate angiographic findings after primary PCI and 6-month major adverse cardiac events （MACE） （death, recurrent myocardial infarction, target lesion or vessel revascularization） between the MB patients and the non-MB patients. Results A frequency of MB in the IRA of 46 patients （8.3%） was identified in this series; it was more common in patients ≥65 years old （36/206） than in those 〈65 years old （10/348） （17.5% vs 2.9%, P〈0.001）. The trend of MB in the IRA was observed more frequently in women without significant difference than in men （10.2% vs 7.8%）. TIMI grade Ⅲ flow was achieved in 91.9% （509/554） of all patients following primary PCI, in 60.9% （28/46） of the MB patients and in 94.7% （481/508） of the non-MB patients respectively （P〈0.001）. The in-hospital mortality was 4.7% （26/554） in this series including 13.0% （6/46） of the MB patients and 3.9% （20/508） of the non-MB patients （P〈0.001）. A significant difference in 6 months MACE was seen between the MB patients （19%） and the non-MB patients （6.2%） （P〈0.001）. Conclusions MB in the IRA is relatively common in elderly patients with STEMI with a more evident trend in women, suggesting that arteriosclerosis and plaque rupture occurs more easily in the proximal artery to MB than in younger patients. Poor TIMI grade flow in patients with MB in the IRA after primary PCI may contribute to a high in-hospital mortality rate （13%） and 6-month MACE （19%） in the MB patients.     

Effect of intracoronary administration of anisodamine on slow reflow phenomenon following primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Background Many basic and clinical studies have proved that anisodamine can produce significant effect on relieving microvascular spasm, improving and dredging the coronary microcirculation. It may be beneficial to the improvement of slow-reflow phenomenon (SRP) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). So we investigated the effect of intracoronary administration of anisodamine on SRP of infarct related artery (IRA) following primary PCI in patients with ST segment elevated acute myocardial infarction (STEAMI). Methods Twenty-one patients with SRP from a total of 148 STEAMI patients accepted primary PCI were enrolled into this study from September 2004 to December 2005. When SRP happened, nitroglycerin (200 &micro;g) was “bolus” injected firstly into IRA to exclude the spasm of epicardial artery and identify SRP as well as a baseline and self-control agent following PCI. Ten minutes later, 1000 &micro;g of anisodamine was injected into IRA with SRP at 200 &micro;g/s, while the coronary angiography (CAG) was taken before and at 1st, 3rd and 10th minute after administration of nitroglycerin or anisodamine, respectively. The corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC), TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) and the diameter of IRA were calculated and analyzed by Gibson’s TIMI frame count method using quantitative computer angiography (QCA) system to evaluate the influence of anisodamine on coronary flow and vessel lumen. In the meantime the invasive hemodynamic parameters of intracoronary and systemic artery (systolic, diastolic and mean pressure) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were measured and monitored. The changes of ventricular performance parameters and the adverse reaction were evaluated and followed-up at 1 month post-PCI. Results No significant changes in cTFCs and TMPGs were found at 1st, 3rd and 10th minute after intracoronary administration of nitroglycerin as compared with the baseline control (P＞0.05). cTFCs were decreased by 58.3%, 56.2%, and 54.6%, respectively (P&lt;0.001), and TMPGs were increased from 1.13±0.21 grade to 2.03±0.32, 2.65±0.45 and 2.51±0.57 grades (P&lt;0.05) at 1st, 3rd and 10th minute after intracoronary administration of anisodamine as compared with those after intracoronary administration of nitroglycerine, respectively. The average coronary blood flow of TIMI grade was improved from 1.76±0.43 to 2.71±0.46 (P&lt;0.05) while the diameter of middle segment in re-patented coronary artery was slightly increased from (3.20±0.40) mm to (3.40±0.50) mm at the 3rd minute after intracoronary administration of anisodamine (P＞0.05) as compared with those of nitroglycerine control. The systolic, diastolic and mean pressures of intracoronary artery after intracoronary administration of anisodamine increased from 115 to 123, 75 to 84, 88 to 95 mmHg (P&lt;0.05), respectively, along with the rise of heart rate from 68 to 84 beats per minute (P&lt;0.05). There were no significant changes in intervals of PR, QT and QRS (P＞0.05) and no any severe fast arrhythmia after intracoronary administration of anisodamine. The ventricular performance parameters were significantly improved and no major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were found during follow-up at 1 month post-PCI. Conclusions Intracoronary administration of 1000 &micro;g anisodamine is effictive in reversing SRP following PCI in STEAMI patients, especially it is suitable for SRP patients with bradycardia or hypotension.     

冠状动脉注射替罗非班对STEMI患者直接PCI术中靶血管炎性介质表达的影响

目的观察冠状动脉注射替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）术中炎性介质表达的影响。方法采用随机抽样法将患者分为治疗组（46例）和对照组（37例）。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测直接PCI术中靶血管炎性介质IL-6及TXA2浓度,观察其在用药前后的变化。通过冠状动脉造影评估TIMI血流分级,PCI术后行心电图检查计算ST段回落幅度。结果经冠状动脉注射替罗非班后,治疗组IL-6、TXA2值与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（t=2.968、2.358,P＜0.05或0.01）;TIMI血流改善较对照组明显（字2=4.273,P＜0.05）,TIMI帧数少于对照组（t=2.062,P＜0.05）;治疗组心电图ST段回落较对照组明显（t=2.163,P＜0.05）。结论冠状动脉注射替罗非班通过抑制靶血管炎性介质IL-6及TXA2表达改善心肌灌注。相比静脉给药,冠状动脉注射替罗非班能更好地发挥抗血小板、抗炎特性,改善冠状动脉血流及心肌灌注。     

新型非对称、可降解涂层雷帕霉素洗脱支架用于行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的急性心肌梗死患者的疗效和安全性

目的与传统对称性、永久性涂层雷帕霉素洗脱支架(SES)比较,评价新型非对称、可降解涂层SES应用于行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者的安全性和有效性。方法连续收集2007年1月—2009年12月行直接PCI的STEMI患者,将单纯植入新型非对称、可降解涂层SES的171例患者纳入研究组,单纯植入传统对称性、永久性涂层SES的249例患者纳入对照组。在术后1年时对两组患者进行临床随访。结果研究组和对照组患者的主要研究终点(1年期靶病变失败)的发生率分别为5.8%和5.6%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组间全因死亡、心源性死亡、非致死性再次心肌梗死、靶血管血运重建和靶血管失败等各项次要研究终点指标的差异也均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。术后随访1年,研究组发生1例亚急性支架内血栓,对照组发生3例亚急性支架内血栓和1例晚期支架内血栓,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者的1年期主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生率的差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论新型非对称、可降解涂层SES在行直接PCISTEMI患者的中期有效性和安全性与传统SES相当,其远期效果有待进一步研究。     

SYNTAX积分与急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心血管事件的关系

Objective:To investigate the predictive effect of SYNTAX score for in-hospital and one-year prognosis outcome in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods:A total of 312 patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI were divided into three groups based on SYNTAX scores which were calculated by angiography results. Group A (n＝170) was defined as baseline SYNTAX score (bSSC) ＜22, group B bSSC＝22-32 (n＝90), group C bSSC＞32 (n＝52).Results:(1) Group B and group C had a higher proportion of patients with diabetes, a higher CK-MB, UA, fasting glucose compared with group A (P＜0.05). (2) The proportions of patients with severe adverse cardiovascular events in-hospital in three groups were 6.6% (n＝11), 31.1% (n＝28), 36.5% (n＝19) respectively (P＜0.05). (3) For patients whose follow-up periods were between (14.2±0.8) months, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed log-rank （P＜0.001 ) was found among major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), all-cause death, non-fatal MI, unplanned revascularization for ischemia, rehospitalization due to heart failure. (4) By multivariable analysis, bSSC and rSSC were found to be significant independent predictor for all ischemic outcomes at year 1, including MACE (HR＝1.059, 95% CI: 1.035-1.083, P＜0.001; HR＝1.056, 95% CI: 1.033-1.081, P＜0.001). Conclusion:The SYNTAX score is an independent predictor for in-hospital as well as long-term mortality and MACE in patients with acute STEMI undergoing primary PCI.     

经肱动脉急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗40例临床观察

目的:探讨经肱动脉急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的安全性和有效性.方法:收集2009年3月至2013年9月行急诊PCI治疗病人为研究对象,根据穿刺路径分为肱动脉组40例、桡动脉组80例和股动脉组85例,比较3组穿刺成功率、穿刺时间、复杂病变手术成功率、手术并发症及预后等情况.结果:肱动脉组穿刺时间及手术时间均少于桡动脉组(P<0.01),而3组间穿刺成功率、复杂病变手术成功率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01和P<0.05).肱动脉组住院时间少于股动脉组(P<0.01),手术并发症少于股动脉组(P<0.05).3组病人的预后情况差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:经肱动脉行急诊PCI治疗是一种安全有效的手术途径,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

急性心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术后无复流的危险因素分析

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊PCI术后出现无复流的相关危险因素。方法发病在6h以内,或12 h内仍有持续胸痛的843名AMI患者给予急诊PCI,收集患者的临床、造影和介入治疗资料。PCI术后,根据TIMI血流分级和心肌显色分级两项结果将病人分为两组,正常血流组和无复流组。比较这两组病人基本临床资料、造影结果和手术相关资料的差异,分析AMI患者急诊PCI术后出现无复流的原因。结果急诊PCI术后无复流的发生率约为15.9%。通过单变量分析,既往MI病史、心梗Killip分级、症状至PCI时间、术前IABP应用、术前TIMl分级、病变长度、血栓负荷程度、再灌注方法与急诊PCI术后发生无复流有关(P<0.05)。多变量Logistic回归模型认为,症状至PCI时间(OR:1.60;95%CI:1.02～2.73)、术前TIMI血流分级(OR:1.1;95%CI:1.04～1.16)、病变血管长度(OR:1.40;95%CI:1.19～1.69),血栓负荷程度(OR:2.02;95%CI:1.47～2.76)可作为急诊PCI术后无复流发生的独立危险因素。结论症状至PCI时间、术前TIMI血流分级、病变血管长度和血栓负荷程度可作为AMI患者急诊PCI后发生无复流的独立预测因素。     

糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗疗效

目的 评价糖尿病患者合并急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗的疗效。方法 分析1997.2-1999.12中88例伴糖尿病与216例不伴糖尿病急性心肌梗死行急诊介入治疗患者的临床疗效。结果 糖尿病组伴心源性休克15例,死亡率为4.5％,成功率94.0％。78例成功介入治疗患者随访(11.7±7.8)月,主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生率28.2％。不伴糖尿病组中有29例合并心源性休克,死亡率为1.9％,成功率97.1％,其中178例随访(12.6±8.3)月期间MACE发生率为18.0％。急诊介入治疗成功率两组相似,近期死亡率和中远期MACE发生率糖尿病组也无明显增高(P>0.05),女性患者的比例在糖尿病组明显增高(P=0.01)。结论 急诊介入治疗糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死安全可靠,效果佳。