雌激素替代治疗对绝经后妇女内皮功能的影响

目的观察雌激素替代治疗(ERT)对绝经后妇女内皮功能的影响。方法绝经组妇女32例每天口服结合雌二醇0.625mg,共两周;同期24名正常月经妇女为对照组。分别采集绝经组妇女服药前后和对照组妇女空腹静脉血标本测雌二醇(E2)、一氧化氮(NO)水平,并采用无创性高分辨超声法检测内皮依赖性血管舒张功能。结果绝经组ERT前血流介导的血管舒张(FMD)、NO及E2明显低于对照组(P<0.05),ERT后显著增加(P<0.05),而硝酸甘油介导的血管舒张(NMD)治疗前后差异无显著性意义;FMD与E2、NO相关(P<0.001),而NMD与NO、E2均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论女性绝经后存在显著的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能异常,进行雌激素替代治疗可明显改善甚至逆转上述变化,该作用可能是雌激素的心血管保护机制之一。     

急性脑梗死患者血管内皮功能、Hcy水平及预后分析

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者的血管内皮功能、Hcy水平及预后。方法 100例急性脑梗死患者设为观察组,并随机分为干预组和非干预组各50例,选择100例健康体检者为对照组。干预组给予维生素B12、叶酸治疗,对治疗前后患者的血管内皮功能、Hcy水平进行比较。结果对照组的FMD、e NOS、NO水平均显著高于观察组(P0.05),观察组的Hcy、IMT均显著高于对照组(P0.05);治疗2周后,干预组的Hcy、BI评分、NIHSS评分、e NOS、NO水平均显著优于非干预组(P0.05)。干预组治疗总有效率为92.0%,显著优于非干预组的60.0%。结论急性脑梗死患者存在血管内皮功能障碍,维生素B12、叶酸可降低急性脑梗死患者的血清Hcy水平,改善血管内皮功能及预后。     

雌激素对女性X综合征患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的探讨雌激素对女性X综合征患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法采用随机、对照、单盲方法将 2 8例女性X综合征患者分为雌激素治疗组 (n =16 )和常规治疗组 (n =12 )。疗程均为 8周。治疗前后分别采用高分辨率血管超声检测肱动脉血流介导性舒张功能 (FMD)的变化和血中内皮素 1(ET 1)含量。结果雌激素组治疗后肱动脉FMD、ET 1较治疗前明显改善 ,与常规治疗组比较也有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论雌激素可显著改善女性X综合征患者的血管内皮功能。     

规律有氧运动对2型糖尿病患者内皮依赖性扩张功能的影响

目的探讨规律有氧运动对2型糖尿病患者的内皮功能的影响。方法 110例2型糖尿病患者分为运动试验组(n=58)和对照组(n=52),对照组给予单纯糖尿病常规治疗,运动试验组为糖尿病常规治疗的基础上,选择规律有氧运动锻炼(快步走、慢跑、太极拳及游泳等),比较经过6个月有氧运动锻炼后的试验组患者和对照组患者肱动脉内皮依赖性扩张(FMD)和非内皮依赖性舒张功能(NMD)的差异以及运动试验组与对照组患者自身6个月前后各指标的变化。结果经过6个月的规律有氧运动后,运动试验组患者的空腹血糖、HbA1c、体重、BMI、腰臀比和甘油三酯(TG)较有氧运动前下降(P<0.05),肱动脉FMD提高[(6.45±2.83)%vs.(5.20±2.61)%,P=0.019],肱动脉NMD没有变化[(13.78±7.30)%vs.(12.99±6.32)%,P=0.413];与对照组比较,运动试验组患者空腹血糖、HbA1c、体重、BMI和TG低于对照组(P<0.05),肱动脉FMD高于对照组[(6.45±2.83)%vs.(5.37±2.29)%,P=0.033],NMD在两组间没有统计学差异[(13.78±7.30)%vs.(12.67±7.09)%,P=0.245];未进行有氧运动锻炼的对照组在6个月前后FMD和NMD没有明显变化(P>0.05)。结论有氧运动能帮助2型糖尿病患者降低血糖水平,控制体重,对提高内皮功能有积极的影响。     

有氧运动对轻度原发性高血压的疗效及内皮功能的影响

目的观察有氧运动对轻度原发性高血压患者的疗效和内皮功能的影响。方法40例轻度原发性高血压患者进行3个月的低强度有氧运动,用超声测定肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD)和非内皮依赖性血管舒张-即含服硝酸甘油时血管舒张功能(NTG-D),记录并比较运动前、后的血压、心率及FMD、NTG-D,并与36例健康体检者对照比较。结果运动前轻度原发性高血压患者FMD明显下降,与对照组相比,P＜0．01,肱动脉基础内径和NTG-D差异无统计学意义(P＞0．05)；运动后轻度原发性高血压患者血压从(150．2±8．5)/(85．3±7．3)mmHg下降至(137．2±7．6)/(77．3±7．0)mmHg(P＜0．05),同时治疗后FMD较治疗前显著增加(P＜0．01)．但是与对照组比较差异仍有统计学意义(P＜0．05),运动前、后NTG-D无变化(P＞0．05)。结论低强度有氧运动可降低轻度原发性高血压患者的血压,提高FMD,改善内皮功能。     

代谢综合征患者有氧运动前后血管内皮功能的研究

目的探讨代谢综合征患者有氧运动前后血管内皮功能的变化。方法设正常对照组、代谢综合征组(MS组),分别测定3个月规律游泳运动后血流介导的血管舒张功能(FMD)、反应性充血(RH)和脉搏波传导速度(PWV)。结果与正常组比较,MS组的FMD、RH、颈-股PWV有统计学差异(P<0.01);3个月规律游泳运动前后MS组比较,游泳运动后MS组的FMD、RH有显著差异(P<0.01),颈-股PWV有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论代谢综合征患者有氧运动后血管内皮功能得到显著改善。     

有氧联合阻抗运动对脑卒中患者运动功能及生活质量的影响

目的探讨有氧联合阻抗运动对脑卒中患者运动功能及生活质量的影响。方法选取80例脑卒中患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组(有氧运动+常规康复模式)与观察组(常规康复模式+有氧运动+阻抗运动),比较2组运动功能情况、血糖、血脂及血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血沉(ESR)的变化。结果观察组RMI、S-MFFM(上肢)、S-MFFM(下肢)、生活质量评分显著高于对照组(P0.05),生活质量评分也显著高于对照组(P0.05)。2组干预前后血糖、血脂水平及Hcy、hs-CRP、ESR均显著改善(P0.05),且观察组改善程度更为显著(P0.05)。结论脑卒中患者采取有氧联合阻抗运动能有效改善其运动功能及生活质量。     

绝经不同时期女性冠心病的危险因素及临床特点分析

目的探讨女性冠心病患者绝经早、晚期的临床特征及危险因素。方法选取经冠状动脉造影确诊的绝经女性冠心病患者259例,其中绝经≤10年组102例,绝经10年组157例。分析2组患者的临床特征及危险因素。结果绝经≤10年组高血压发病率显著较高(P0.05),雌激素含量显著较高(P0.05);2组HLD-C、TC水平无显著差异,IMT均达到动脉硬化程度;绝经10年组中,糖尿病发病率显著较高,LDL-C含量显著较高,雌激素含量显著较低(P0.05)。绝经≤10年组冠脉血管病变以单支病变为主,而绝经10年组冠脉血管病变以双支或多支病变为主(P0.05)。多因素分析显示,2组高血压、糖尿病、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均为冠心病的危险因素,雌二醇为保护因素。结论糖尿病、高血压、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、雌激素降低都是女性冠心病独立的危险因素,绝经早期女性冠心病患者血管内皮及动脉硬化程度相对于绝经晚期患者较好,此时雌激素替代对于女性冠心病患者有益。     

超声在监测围绝经期女性血管内皮功能及内皮素与雌激素关系中的价值

目的探讨超声在监测女性围绝经期血管内皮依赖性和非依赖性舒张功能变化,及其内皮素、激素补充治疗对血管内皮功能的影响中的价值。方法围绝经期激素治疗组40例,每日口服替勃龙0．625mg;40例同龄月经正常妇女为对照组。检测对照组和围绝经期组激素补充治疗前后血雌二醇（E2）、内皮素水平,并采用高频超声检测内皮依赖性及非依赖性血管舒张功能。结果围绝经期组激素治疗前的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能（EDD）、B明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）,而内皮素水平高于对照组（P〈0．01）;经激素补充治疗后EDD、E2有明显改善（P〈0．01）,而内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能（NID）在两组间无统计学差异;EDD与E2、内皮素水平与E2具有相关性（P〈0．01）,而NID与E2无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论女性绝经后存在内皮依赖性血管舒张功能异常,激素补充治疗后可使内皮依赖性血管舒张功能明显改善,该作用可能是雌激素的心血管保护机制之一,超声可运用于对围绝经期血管内皮功能的监测。     

绝经前女性冠心病与免疫炎性反应相关因子的研究

目的探讨免疫炎性反应相关因子及雌激素水平与绝经前女性冠心病的关系,分析其临床特征及冠状动脉造影特点。方法按照入选标准选取2013年1月至2014年10月于新乡医学院第一附属医院心血管内科住院拟诊冠心病的绝经前女性43例,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为冠心病组(19例)和对照组(24例),均抽血测定免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM和补体C3、C4水平,同时检测超敏C反应蛋白及雌激素水平,观察冠心病患者的临床特征及冠状动脉病变特点。结果冠心病组IgG、hs-CRP水平显著高于对照组(P0.05),IgM、IgA、C3及C4的水平显著高于对照组(P0.05),冠心病组雌激素水平显著低于对照组(P0.05);绝经前女性冠心病患者冠状动脉造影显示病变以单支病变为主,所占比例为58%,罪犯血管为左前降支者占79%。结论绝经前女性冠心病患者存在体液免疫功能亢进,hs-CRP水平升高及雌激素的缺乏与绝经前女性冠心病发生有关,其临床症状不典型,以单支血管病变为主,易累及左前降支。     

Oestrogen replacement therapy lowers plasma levels of asymmetrical dimethylarginine in healthy postmenopausal women

Oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT) has been shown to lead to favourable changes in the cardiovascular risk profile of postmenopausal women. Part of this effect is ascribed to increased production or bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). We have tested the hypothesis that ERT lowers plasma levels of asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS). In a randomized double-blind study design, 40 hysterectomized postmenopausal women received conjugated equine oestrogen (CEE; 0.625 mg/day; n =14), the selective oestrogen receptor modulator raloxifene (150 mg/day; n =13) or placebo ( n =13). At baseline and after 6, 12 and 24 months of treatment, plasma was analysed for levels of arginine, ADMA, and symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA), a stereoisomer of ADMA that does not inhibit NOS. An overall treatment effect on ADMA levels was observed in the CEE group ( P =0.004 compared with placebo), but not in the raloxifene group ( P =0.50). The decrease of ADMA levels by CEE treatment was consistent over the 2-year study period, without significant differences between the effects at 6, 12 and 24 months. The average post-baseline change in ADMA in the CEE group compared with placebo was -7.8% (95% confidence interval -12.8% to -2.9%; P =0.003). Arginine or SDMA levels did not change during treatment in any of the groups. Thus ERT with oral conjugated oestrogen, but not with raloxifene, significantly reduced plasma concentrations of the cardiovascular risk factor ADMA in healthy postmenopausal women.     

Effect of endogenous estrogen on endothelial function in women with coronary heart disease and its mechanism

BACKGROUND: Estrogen promotes and modulates vascular endothelial function, which may be protective against development of atherosclerosis. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, has been reported to be associated with the impairment of vascular endothelial function. Recent studies suggested estrogen replacement therapy lowers plasma concentrations of ADMA in healthy postmenopausal women. However, the relation between endogenous estrogen and ADMA and their effect on endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) remains unclear. METHODS: Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-induced dilatation (NID) of the brachial arteries were detected by using high-resolution ultrasound in 33 women with CHD and 17 healthy controls. Plasma estradiol, ADMA, and lipid concentrations were also measured in all subjects. RESULTS: In comparison with control group, FMD and NID were significantly decreased in the CHD group (1.73 +/- 1.26% vs. 5.37 +/- 3.20%, p < 0.001 and 12.38 +/- 6.70% vs. 20.79 +/- 7.57%, p < 0.01, respectively). Plasma estradiol concentrations in the CHD group were lower than in controls (27.80 +/- 12.28 vs. 43.83 +/- 14.30 pg/ml, p < 0.01), whereas ADMA concentrations in the CHD group were higher than in controls (3.39 +/- 1.07 vs. 1.31 +/- 0.69 micromol/l, p < 0.001). Pearson correlation analysis determined that plasma estradiol concentrations were associated with FMD, NID, age, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and ADMA (r = 0.610, p < 0.01; r = 0.392, p < 0.01; r = -0.589, p < 0.01; r= -0.364, p < 0.01; r = -0.350, p < 0.05; r = -0.553, p < 0.01; respectively). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis revealed that plasma estradiol concentrations was independently positively correlated with FMD (p < 0.005) and negatively correlated with ADMA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both FMD and NID are impaired in women with CHD. The decrease of endogenous estrogen concentrations and the increase of ADMA concentrations may involve the endothelial dysfunction in women with CHD.     

Efficacy of estradiol vaginal cream in postmenopausal women.

In a double-blind parallel study daily intravaginal administration of conjugated estrogen cream and estradiol cream for 14 days relieved vasomotor and vaginal postmenopausal symptoms in 29 postmenopausal women. By day 14, therapy with the estradiol vaginal cream resulted in plasma estrone and estradiol levels closer to those in premenopausal women than therapy with the conjugated estrogen cream. The extent of improvement and final estradiol plasma levels in the estradiol vaginal-cream group correlated. There was no correlation with severity of symptoms or estradiol plasma level at baseline. The metabolism of the conjugated estrogen cream might account for absence of correlation between improvement and final estradiol plasma levels in the conjugated vaginal-cream group.     

绝经前与绝经后妇女血清硬化素水平的变化及其相关影响因素

目的:探究绝经前与绝经后妇女血清硬化素水平的变化及其相关影响因素。方法:纳入符合条件的绝经前和绝经后妇女各30例,检测其血清硬化素水平、相关血生化指标、性激素水平和骨转换生物标志物。采用双能X线进行股骨颈,腰椎和髋骨骨密度检测。结果:与绝经前比较,绝经后妇女雌二醇(P<0.01)、雌激素(P=0.01)、游离雌激素指数(P=0.01)和各部位骨密度均显著下降;绝经后妇女与绝经前妇女相比血清硬化素水平升高(P=0.02);由于绝经前妇女多口服避孕药,故后续数据分析仅限于绝经后妇女。绝经后妇女血清硬化素水平与游离雌激素指数(r=-0.57,P=0.01),甲状旁腺激素(r=-0.48,P=0.03)及股骨颈骨密度(r=-0.49,P=0.01)呈负相关;多元回归分析发现,游离雌激素指数(β=-0.63,P=0.01)和甲状旁腺激素(β=-0.56,P=0.01)是血清硬化素水平升高的独立危险因素。结论:绝经后妇女血清硬化素水平高于绝经前妇女。血清硬化素水平可能受到雌激素和甲状旁腺激素的调节作用。     

非对称性二甲基精氨酸与高血压、急性冠脉综合征的相关性研究

目的 检测高血压、急性冠脉综合症（Acutecoronarysyndrome,ACS）患者中血浆非对称性二甲基精氨酸（Asymnlet．ricdimethylarginine,ADMA）、一氧化氮舍酶（nitriooxidesynthase,NOS）和一氧化氮（nitricoxide,NO）的水平,观察其水平变化与高血压、ACS之间的相关性,探讨ADMA在高血压、ACS发生发展中所起的作用。方法将符合条件的91例患者作为研究对象分成2组,其中单纯性高血压组（HP组）60例,急性冠脉综合征组（ACS组）31例,正常对照组60例,比较各组的ADMA、NO、NOS的浓度,分析它们在高血压、ACS的变化。结果高血压组、ACS组血浆ADMA水平均高于对照组,ACS组ADMA水平最高,各组比较均有统计学差异,血浆ADMA水平与NOS、NO水平分别呈负相关。结论ADMA在高血压、ACS的发生发展中发挥了一定作用,ADMA水平与血管内皮功能障碍密切相关,检测ADMA水平有望成为评价高血压、ACS病情严重程度的新指标和新方法,并对指导治疗可能具有一定的临床价值。     

Effect of long-term hormone replacement therapy on coronary endothelial function in postmenopausal women

OBJECTIVES: To determine the difference in endothelial function between premenopausal and postmenopausal women and to determine whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is associated with an improvement in coronary endothelial function. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Women undergoing coronary physiology studies for chest pain at the Mayo Clinic In Rochester, Minn, between December 1992 and April 2002 underwent assessment of coronary endothelium-independent and -dependent function with intracoronary administration of adenosine and acetylcholine, respectively. The coronary diameters, coronary blood flows, and coronary velocity reserves were measured. RESULTS: A total of 270 women (89 premenopausal and 181 postmenopausal) participated in the study. Endothelium-dependent coronary blood flow change (baseline to peak flow) in response to acetylcholine (10(-4), 10(-5), and 10(-4) mol/L) was lower in postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women (39.7% vs 72.9%, P = .03). There was no significant difference between the postmenopausal women receiving and not receiving HRT with regard to percent change in coronary diameter (-21.8% vs -13.9%, P = .15), percent change in coronary blood flow (37.3% vs 42.7%, P = .74), or coronary velocity reserve (2.7 vs 2.7, P = .82). CONCLUSION: This study shows that the postmenopausal state is associated with a greater abnormality in coronary endothelial function at the level of the microcirculation. Moreover, HRT status was not associated with an improvement in coronary endothelial function in postmenopausal women.     

Relationship between whole plasma calcitonin levels, calcitonin secretory capacity, and plasma levels of estrone in healthy women and postmenopausal osteoporotics.

The exact role of calcitonin (CT) in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis remains unknown. Whole plasma calcitonin (iCT) basal levels, metabolic clearance rate (MCR), and production rate (PR) of CT were measured in 9 premenopausal and 16 postmenopausal women, including 11 osteoporotics (OP). Basal iCT levels were statistically lower in postmenopausal women than in the premenopausal group (P less than 0.01) and strongly correlated (r = 0.72; P less than 0.001) with estrone circulating levels (E1). MCR were similar in all groups. PR were similar in eugonadal women between 22 (mean +/- SD = 30.9 +/- 9.9 micrograms/d) and 37 yr (mean +/- SD = 25.5 +/- 11.1 micrograms/d) premenopausal women. In healthy postmenopausal women PR were reduced, but not significantly (mean +/- SD = 19.5 +/- 6.95 micrograms/d), whereas osteoporotic patients presented a highly significant reduction of CT PR (mean +/- SD = 9.8 +/- 4 micrograms/d) (P less than 0.01). Because there is a strong relationship between E1 and PR (r = 0.64; P less than 0.001), CT secretory capacity appears to be modulated by estrogen circulating levels. This modulation leads to a menopause-related decrease in iCT. In osteoporotics, an independent impairment of CT production drastically lowers PR and basal iCT levels. CT might be one of the determining factors in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.     

The effects of aerobic and resistance exercises in obese women

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on weight, muscle strength, cardiovascular fitness, blood pressure and mood in obese women who were not on an energy-restricted diet. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective, controlled trial. SETTING: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital. SUBJECTS: Sixty obese women were assigned to one of three groups: aerobic exercise (n = 20), resistance exercise (n = 20) and control group (n = 20). INTERVENTIONS: The aerobic exercise group performed both walking and leg cycle exercise with increasing duration and frequency. The resistance exercise group performed progressive weight-resistance exercises for the upper and lower body. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Before and after a 12-week period, all subjects were evaluated by anthropometric measurement, rating of mood, cardiorespiratory capacity and maximum strength of trained muscles. RESULTS: After a 12-week training period, subjects in the resistance group showed significant improvement in one-repetition maximum test of hip abductors (7.95+/-3.58 kg), quadriceps (14+/-7.18 kg), biceps (3.37+/- 2.84 kg) and pectorals (8.75+/-5.09 kg) compared with those in the control group (P < 0.001). VO2 max increased (0.51+/-0.40) and Beck Depression Scale scores decreased (-5.40+/-4.27) in the aerobic exercise group compared with the control group, significantly (P < 0.001). Only in hip abductor muscle strength was there a significant increase in the resistance exercise group compared with the aerobic exercise group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both aerobic exercise and resistance exercise resulted in improved performance and exercise capacity in obese women. While aerobic exercise appeared to be beneficial with regard to improving depressive symptoms and maximum oxygen consumption, resistance exercise was beneficial in increasing muscle strength.     

Serum asymmetric dimethylarginine and nitric oxide levels in obese postmenopausal women

Background: It has been reported that estrogen deficiency after menopause might cause a decrement in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by increasing the level of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a major endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, thus leading to abnormalities in endothelial function. Because NO plays an important role on feeding behavior, ADMA may be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, too. This cross‐sectional study aimed to evaluate the relations of ADMA and NO with the obesity‐linked peptides, such as ghrelin, leptin, and adiponectin in postmenopausal women free of hormone replacement therapy. Methods: Adiponectin, ghrelin, leptin, ADMA, and NO_x (total nitrite/nitrate) were measured in 22 obese (BMI: 30–47 kg/m²) and 19 normal weight (BMI: 21.5–26 kg/m²) postmenopausal women.Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, BMI, waist, and hip circumferences) were recorded. Statistics were made by the Mann–Whitney U‐test. Results: Ghrelin and adiponectin levels were significantly lower (P<0.001), whereas ADMA and leptin levels were higher in obese women than in normal weight controls (P<0.01 and 0.001, respectively). BMI was correlated negatively with adiponectin and ghrelin and positively with ADMA and leptin levels. No correlation existed between ADMA and NO. Conclusion: Estrogen deficiency alone may not cause an increase in ADMA levels unless the women are prone to disturbances in energy homeostasis. In spite of the high ADMA levels, the unaltered NO levels in plasma may be owing to ongoing inflammatory conditions. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:174–178, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease and the Apolipoprotein B / Apolipoprotein A-1 Ratio in Obese Woman

[Purpose] The objective of this study was to confirm whether consistent aerobic exercise has an effect on the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-1 ratio or reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease in obese women. [Subjects and Methods] The participants included 32 obese women between the ages of 40 and 49. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups (n = 16 in each group): the control group and the exercise group. The exercise program in this study corresponded to an intensity of 50 to 60% of the maximum volume of minute oxygen consumption and was performed three times per week over 12 weeks. Physical measurements, measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness and blood pressure, and blood collection were done before and after the 12 weeks of exercise at the same time and under the same conditions. [Results] Based on the results of this study, there were significant interaction effects in both time and group weight, for body mass index, percent body fat, maximum volume of minute oxygen consumption, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-1 ratio. Moreover, waist circumference, total cholesterol, and the atherogenic index decreased significantly after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise. [Conclusion] Regular aerobic exercise effectively improved cardiovascular risk factors and decreased the obesity index in obese women.Key words: Aerobic exercise, Apolipoprotein, Cardiovascular disease