大剂量阿托伐他汀治疗急性冠脉综合征患者的临床观察

目的:探讨大剂量阿托伐他汀降脂治疗应用于急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者的疗效。方法:70例ACS患者随机分为强化组及对照组(各35例)。2组患者均予以阿司匹林、低分子肝素、硝酸酯类、β-受体阻滞剂以及血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂等常规治疗。强化组患者在此基础上加用阿托伐他汀20 mg,每晚1次。对照组患者在此基础上加用阿托伐他汀10 mg,每晚1次,2组均连续治疗8周。比较2组患者治疗前及治疗8周后的血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素-10(IL-10)以及金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的变化,并观察治疗的不良反应。结果:2组治疗前血清hsCRP、IL-10和MMP-9水平比较无明显差异(P0.05)。治疗8周后,2组血清hs-CRP和MMP-9水平均较治疗前明显下降,血清IL-10水平较治疗前明显上升(P0.05或P0.01),且强化组下降或上升值较对照组更明显(均P0.05)。强化组治疗有效率为88.6%,对照组为68.6%,2组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组患者均未发生严重不良反应。结论:急诊大剂量阿托伐他汀降脂治疗应用于ACS疗效好,能降低血清hs-CRP和MMP-9水平,提高血清IL-10水平,且安全性好。     

强化阿托伐他汀治疗在急性冠脉综合征患者中应用的临床疗效及安全性

目的探讨阿托伐他汀强化降脂在急性冠脉综合征患者中的疗效及安全性。方法选择河北省正定县人民医院内科、白求恩国际和平医院心内科及河北医科大学第二医院心内科2009年1月~2013年1月间共收治的急性冠脉综合征患者70例,其中男性39例,女性31例,年龄31~88岁,平均(55.3±5.9)岁。将其随机分为强化组和对照组,每组各35例。两组均给予常规治疗,强化组加用阿托伐他汀20mg,对照组加用阿托伐他汀10 mg,连续治疗8周。检测两组治疗前后高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)以及基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的变化,评价临床疗效并记录不良反应。结果对照组和强化组治疗后较治疗前hs-CRP、MMP-9降低,IL-10升高,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。与对照组治疗后比较,强化组hs-CRP、MMP-9降低,IL-10升高,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。强化组治疗总有效率较对照组增加(88.6%vs.68.6%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率(11.4%vs.5.7%)比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论强化阿托伐他汀降脂治疗急性冠脉综合征疗效较好,不良反应较少。     

阿托伐他汀和辛伐他汀对急性冠脉综合征患者MMP-9和IL-6的影响

目的 观察急性冠脉综合征患者早期给予阿托伐他汀和辛伐他汀对血清基质金属蛋白酶-9 (MMP-9)和白介素-6(IL-6)的影响.方法 60例急性冠脉综合征患者随机分为阿托伐他汀20 mg治疗组(阿托伐他汀组)和辛伐他汀40 mg治疗组(辛伐他汀组),分别治疗7 d.测定两组治疗前后血清MMP-9和IL-6的值.同时选30例冠脉造影正常者作为对照组.结果 治疗前阿托伐他汀组和辛伐他汀组血清MMP-9和IL-6的水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05).阿托伐他汀组和辛伐他汀组治疗后血清MMP-9和IL-6的水平均明显下降,与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).阿托伐他汀组治疗后血清MMP-9和IL-6的水平与辛伐他汀组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 急性冠脉综合征患者初期给予他汀类短期治疗能降低血清MMP-9和IL-6的水平,且阿托伐他汀更明显.     

早期应用阿托伐他汀对正常血脂水平急性冠状动脉综合征患者炎症因子干预的观察

目的观察血脂正常的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者早期白介素-6(IL-6)和高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平变化及阿托伐他汀早期治疗对其干预效果。方法将血脂水平正常的ACS患者随机分为阿托伐他汀治疗组(10mg/d×4周)和常规治疗组(各40例),另选择同期健康人40例作为健康对照组。分析比较组间及两组ACS患者治疗前、后血清IL-6和hs-CRP水平变化。结果两组ACS患者血脂水平与健康对照组比较差别无统计学意义,但其IL-6和hs-CRP水平均显著高于健康对照组(P<0.01);阿托伐他汀治疗2周时血脂水平无显著变化,但IL-6和hs-CRP水平显著降低(P<0.01),治疗4周时血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及IL-6、hs-CRP水平均显著降低(P<0.05)且显著低于常规对照组(P<0.05)。结论血脂水平正常的ACS患者同样存在明显的炎症反应。阿托伐他汀具有独立于调脂的抗炎作用,其快速抗炎作用在ACS患者早期治疗中可能具有重要意义。     

阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死患者血清CRP、IL-6及MMP-9的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死（ACI）患者血清C反应蛋白（CRP）、IL-6和基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）水平的影响。方法收集90例ACI患者,随机分为阿托伐他汀组和常规治疗组各45例。阿托伐他汀组在常规治疗基础上加用阿托伐他汀20 mg,1次/d,共4周。另选25例健康体检者作为对照组。采用ELISA法检测治疗前后血清IL-6和MMP-9,采用免疫速率散射比浊法测定血清CRP。结果 ACI患者血清CRP、IL-6和MMP-9较对照组明显升高（P〈0.05）;两治疗组治疗后血清CRP、IL-6和MMP-9均较治疗前明显下降（P均〈0.05）,且以阿托伐他汀组为著（P〈0.05）。结论阿托伐他汀能明显降低ACI患者血清CRP、IL-6和MMP-9水平,具有减轻炎症反应的神经保护作用。     

阿托伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛患者IL-18和超敏CRP的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）患者白细胞介素18（IL-18）和超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）的影响及其量效关系。方法UAP患者60例,按数字表法随机分为:阿托伐他汀20 mg组30例,每天口服阿托伐他汀20 mg,共4周;40 mg组30例,每天口服阿托伐他汀40 mg,共4周;分别于治疗前和治疗后测定血清IL-18和hs-CRP水平,比较治疗前和治疗后血清IL-18和hs-CRP的变化。另设30例健康体检者为对照组。结果①UAP组患者IL-18和hs-CRP水平显著高于对照组（P<0.01）;②两种剂量阿托伐他汀治疗后患者血清IL-18和hs-CRP水平显著降低（P<0.01）;③治疗后阿托伐他汀40 mg组比20 mg组hs-CRP和IL-18水平下降更显著（P<0.01）。结论UAP患者体内存在炎症反应,阿托伐他汀具有抗炎作用,大剂量使用抗炎效果更好,应早期大剂量应用。     

脑梗死患者血清IL-17、hs-CRP及MMP-3水平的变化及大剂量阿托伐他汀的干预作用

目的观察不同剂量阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死患者白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)水平的影响。方法 136例急性脑梗死患者根据颈动脉超声检查结果分为颈动脉稳定斑块组(n=68)和颈动脉易损斑块组(n=68)。抽血检查后随机分为小剂量组68例(阿托伐他汀10 mg/d,口服)和大剂量组68例(阿托伐他汀40 mg/d,口服)。比较治疗前后血脂、血清hs-CRP、IL-17和MMP-3水平。结果治疗前,两组患者血脂及血清hs-CRP、IL-17和MMP-3水平差异无显著性(均P>0.05)。治疗后2 w,大剂量组患者血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、hs-CRP、IL-17和MMP-3水平均低于小剂量组,且大剂量组下降幅度均大于小剂量组(均P<0.01)。结论大剂量阿托伐他汀调脂治疗安全有效,有助于快速降脂达标,能迅速降低血清炎性因子水平,具有更强的抗炎作用,可提高斑块的稳定性。     

阿托伐他汀对非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者炎症因子水平的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀对非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者炎症因子水平的影响。方法选取2014年3月~2015年12月本院收治的非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者100例为研究对象,随机将其分为治疗组和对照组,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上给予阿托伐他汀治疗。分别收集治疗前后患者血清,应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清中TNF-α、IL-6和MMP-9的表达水平,采用免疫比浊法检测患者血清中hs-CRP的表达水平。结果治疗前后治疗组和对照组TNF-α、hs-CRP、IL-6和MMP-9表达水平均下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),与对照组相比治疗组TNF-α、hs-CRP、IL-6和MMP-9表达水平下降更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。讨论阿托伐他汀能够有效的降低炎性因子的表达水平,减轻炎症反应,对于治疗非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死提供新的思路和方法。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀短期治疗对急性冠脉综合征患者血清hs—CRP和MMP-9水平的影响

目的探讨应用不同剂量阿托伐他汀短期治疗对急性冠脉综合征患者血清高敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）和基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）水平的影响。方法选择确诊的急性冠脉综合征患者63例,随机分为A组（22例,阿托伐他汀10mg／d）、B组（20例,阿托伐他汀20mg／d）和C组（21例,阿托伐他汀80mg／d）,均于确诊后24小时内开始给药,其余用药按常规进行。所有患者均于服用阿托伐他汀前及服药后24小时、3天、7天采集静脉血,ELISA法测定血清hs—CRP和MMP-9水平。结果3组患者的临床基础资料比较无显著性差异;与治疗前比较服用阿托伐他汀3天后,C组血清hs—CRP和MMP-9水平明显减低（P〈0．05）,而A、B两组虽有下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义;7天后,3组患者血清hs—CRP和MMP-9水平均明显降低（P〈0．05）;C组患者血清hs—CRP和MMP-9水平明显低于A组和B组（P〈0．05）;3组均未发现阿托伐他汀相关不良反应。结论急性冠脉综合征患者短期给予大剂量阿托伐他汀治疗可发挥其强大的抗炎作用,明显降低血浆hs—CRP和MMP-9水平。     

瑞舒伐他汀与阿托伐他汀对稳定型心绞痛患者影响的对比研究

目的比较瑞舒伐他汀与阿托伐他汀对稳定型心绞痛(SAP)患者的影响。方法选取2015年6月—2016年6月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院心内科收治的SAP患者100例,采用随机数字表法分为瑞舒伐他汀组与阿托伐他汀组,每组50例。在常规治疗基础上,瑞舒伐他汀组患者予以瑞舒伐他汀治疗,阿托伐他汀组患者予以阿托伐他汀治疗;两组患者均连续治疗4周。比较两组患者降脂效果,治疗前后超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素6(IL-6)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平及血管内皮细胞功能指标,并观察两组患者治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果瑞舒伐他汀组患者降脂效果优于阿托伐他汀组(P0.05)。治疗前两组患者hs-CRP、IL-6、Hcy水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后瑞舒伐他汀组患者hs-CRP、IL-6、Hcy水平低于阿托伐他汀组(P0.05)。治疗前两组患者脉压、臂踝脉搏波传导速度(ba PWV)、血流依赖性舒张功能(FMD)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组患者脉压比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后瑞舒伐他汀组患者ba PWV低于阿托伐他汀组,FMD高于阿托伐他汀组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗期间不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与阿托伐他汀相比,瑞舒伐他汀对SAP患者的降脂效果较好,并可更有效地降低hs-CRP、IL-6、Hcy水平,改善患者血管内皮细胞功能,且安全性较高。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.