非瓣膜病房颤患者脑卒中风险评估方法的探讨

【摘要】目的：探索非瓣膜病房颤患者发生脑卒中的危险因素,建立房颤脑卒中风险评估模型（NewScore）,评价NewScore、CHADS2评分和CHA2DS2-VASC评分三种方法在卒中预测方面的差异,比较三种评分对非瓣膜病房颤患者脑卒中的风险评估能力。方法：对华北理工大学附属煤炭总医院和首都医科大学附属北京市朝阳医院共2家附属教学医院2012年1月至2012年12月收治的首次诊断为非瓣膜病心房颤动的患者进行同群队列研究,收集相关资料,以缺血性脑卒中为终点事件平均随访时间为（27±5）个月。采用χ2检验、wilcoxon 秩和检验（非参方法检验）分析卒中相关危险因素,采用二元logistic回归分析（Enter法）对经单因素分析有统计学意义的参数计算其对模型影响的大小（OR）,组建新的卒中风险评分模型（NewScore）,采用CHADS2、CHA2DS2-VASc和NewScore评分方法对患者依次评分,采用受试者工作特征曲线ROC（Receiver Operating Characteristic）分析比较NewScore、CHADS2评分、CHA2DS2-VASc评分对非瓣膜病房颤患者卒中的预测能力,并记录3个评分系统的95%置信区间、P值、灵敏度、特异度。结果：比较新发脑卒中组和无新发脑卒中组,两组间比较的结果显示年龄、房颤类型、高脂血症病史、冠心病病史、高血压病史、糖尿病病史、既往脑梗死、心肌梗死病史、血管性疾病病史、NT-proBNP、ALT、DBIL、CRP、D-dimer等化验指标存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。将有显著差异的因素进行二元logistic回归分析,结果显示,高脂血症、SBP＞160mmHg、糖尿病、既往脑梗死、血管性疾病与卒中风险独立相关（P＜0.05,OR＞1）,根据各因素的OR值建立NewScore评分,受试者工作特征曲线比较CHADS2评分、CHA2DS2-VASc评分、NewScore评分预测房颤患者随访期间内发生脑卒中的能力,显示受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUCROC）分别为0.877（0.855-0.900）、0.842（0.817～0.866）和0.850（0.827～0.873）,CHADS2评分的Youden指数0.591,灵敏度0.85,特异度0.741,假阳性率0.259;CHA2DS2-VASc评分的Youden指数0.54,灵敏度0.88,特异度0.66,假阳性率0.34;NewScore评分的Youden指数0.381,灵敏度0.423,特异度0.958,假阳性率0.042。结论：1、高脂血症、SBP＞160mmHg可能为房颤相关脑卒中新的预测因素,心功能不全病史、年龄、性别因素不能增加非瓣膜病房颤患者的脑卒中风险。2、CHADS2评分优于NewScore,NewScore优于CHA2DS2-VASc评分,CHADS2可能更符合住院的非瓣膜病房颤患者的脑卒中风险评估,CHA2DS2-VASc评分在我国的推广使用可能需更多验证。     

非瓣膜性心房颤动患者红细胞分布宽度与CHADS2、CHA2DS2-VASc评分的关系

目的:探讨非瓣膜性心房颤动(房颤)患者红细胞分布宽度(RDW)与评估房颤患者发生血栓栓塞风险的CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc评分的关系。方法:连续入选非瓣膜性房颤患者99例(其中阵发房颤68例,持续房颤31例),每例患者均进行CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc评分,同时记录年龄、性别、伴发疾病、实验室指标及超声心动图结果。根据CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc评分将房颤患者发生血栓栓塞的风险分为低中危组和高危组,比较房颤患者发生血栓栓塞风险的低中危组与高危组各项指标的差异,同时探讨房颤患者RDW与CHADS2、CHA2DS2-VASc评分的关系。结果:无论何种分组方式,两组间年龄、高血压史、糖尿病史、冠心病史、脑卒中史有统计学差异(P0.05)。与低中危组相比,高危组患者年龄增加,RDW、血肌酐升高,左房直径增加,左室射血分数下降(P0.05)。多变量Logistic回归分析显示,RDW是房颤患者CHADS2、CHA2DS2-VASc评分的独立预测因素(OR值分别是2.184、3.815,均P0.05)。预测CHADS2高分的RDW的ROC曲线下面积为0.690(95%CI:0.583~0.797,P0.05),预测CHA2DS2-VASc高分的RDW的ROC曲线下面积为0.735(95%CI:0.634~0.836,P0.05)。结论:非瓣膜性房颤患者RDW与CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc评分呈正相关,而且是CHADS2、CHA2DS2-VASc评分的独立预测因素。     

CHA2DS2-VASc评分与非瓣膜病阵发性心房颤动转为持续性心房颤动的关系

A2DS2-VASc评分系统提出的初衷为评估心房颤动（房颤）发生血栓栓塞事件风险,指导抗凝治疗,并替代原先的CHADS2评分系统[1-2].该评分系统中除＂心力衰竭＂及＂血栓栓塞、脑卒中或一过性脑缺血＂为房颤并发症外,其余兼为房颤发生的高危因素[2-3],但CHA2DS2-VASc评分与房颤的进展关系尚未明确.本研究探讨CHA2DS2-VASc评分对阵发性房颤转为持续性房颤的预测价值.     

CHADS2评分及CHA2DS2-VASc评分预测老年非瓣膜性心房颤动合并缺血性脑卒中患者短期预后的意义

目的探讨CHADS2评分及CHA2DS2-VASc评分预测老年非瓣膜性心房颤动(NVAF)合并缺血性脑卒中患者短期预后的意义。方法调查我院2011年6月至2013年8月老年医学科216例老年NVAF合并缺血性脑卒中患者,应用CHADS2评分(0~6分)及CHA2DS2-VASc评分(0~9分)进行卒中风险评分,分为3组,低危组(0分)、中危组(1分)和高危组(2~9分),在发病后3个月时,采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评定患者的预后,将患者分为预后良好和预后不佳组,比较两组临床资料、CHADS2评分及CHA2DS2一VASc评分差异,并进行Logistic回归分析。结果共纳入符合条件的206例(95.3%)患者,其中CHADS2评分0、1、2~6分组各31、83、92例,CHA2DS2-VASc评分0、1、2~9分组各24、78、104例,预后良好89例(43.2%),预后不佳117例(56.8%)。预后良好与预后不佳患者的年龄、性别、卒中史、CHADS2评分、CHA2DS2-VASc评分的差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR:1.23,95%CI:1.07~1.54,P=0.01)、CHADS2评分(OR:1.36,95%CI:1.17~2.36,P=0.00)和CHA2DS2-VASc评分(OR:3.24,95%CI:1.32~6.98.P=0.00)为预后不佳的独立预测因素。结论年龄、CHADS2评分和CHA2DS2-VASc评分是老年NVAF缺血性脑卒中患者短期预后不佳的独立预测因素;对于老年NVAF缺血性脑卒中早期病情改善的预测作用,CHA2DS2-VASc评分优于CHADS2评分。     

老年非瓣膜性心房颤动患者发生缺血性脑卒中的危险因素分析

目的:分析老年非瓣膜性心房颤动(房颤)患者发生缺血性脑卒中的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析我院2010-01至2014-12期间收入院的180例房颤患者的临床资料。根据计算机断层摄影术(CT)和(或)核磁共振成像(MRI)检查确诊缺血性脑卒中,分为房颤合并缺血性脑卒中组(n=120例)和单纯房颤组(n=60例),分别评估两组患者CHA2DS2-VASc评分、CHADS2评分、同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、左心房内径(LAD)、血脂水平和肾功能等之间的差异。结果:房颤合并缺血性脑卒中组和单纯房颤组患者在CHA2DS2-VASc评分、CHADS2评分、HCY、FIB、LAD之间差异存在统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示CHA2DS2-VASc评分、CHADS2评分、HCY、FIB、LAD是房颤患者发生缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。CHA2DS2-VASc评分用于卒中危险分层与CHADS2评分比较有差异。结论:影响老年房颤患者发生缺血性脑卒中的因素除CHA2DS2-VASc评分、CHADS2评分系统外,联合测定HCY、FIB和LAD预测房颤患者发生缺血性脑卒中具有重要的临床价值,可使筛查非瓣膜性房颤患者发生缺血性脑卒中高危人群的工作操作更加方便、客观。CHA2DS2-VASc适宜筛查低危人群,CHADS2适宜筛查高危人群。     

CHADS_2评分及其衍生评分在冠心病中研究新进展

<正>CHADS_2评分和CHA_2DS_2-VASc评分是目前临床上最为常用的两种非瓣膜病房颤患者脑卒中风险的预测模型,对患者卒中风险分层及抗凝治疗的决策具有重要意义。因CHADS2评分及CHA2DS2-VASc评分中大部分评分项目亦是冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的危险因素,因此有学者将该评分系统应用范围扩展至冠心病人群,为早期评     

CHADS2评分与CHA2DS2-VASc评分在非瓣膜病房颤患者左房血栓风险评估中的对比分析

目的探讨CHADS2评分及CHA2DS2-VASc评分在非瓣膜病心房颤动(AF)患者左房血栓风险评估中的作用。方法 2011年6月至2015年6月选择该院收治的非瓣膜病AF患者423例,根据其左房是否发生血栓分为左房血栓组和未发生左房血栓组;采用CHADS2评分系统和CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统对非瓣膜病AF患者发生血栓事件的风险进行危险分层,收集患者一般临床资料,采用Logistics回归对左房血栓发生的危险因素进行分析。结果 423例非瓣膜病AF患者进行食道心脏超声检查发现65例(15.36%)发生左房血栓;患者CHADS2评分显著低于CHA2DS2-VASc评分(P0.05);秩和检验显示CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统对患者危险分层的严重程度显著高于CHADS2评分系统(P0.05);随着CHADS2评分系统和CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统危险的增加患者发生左房血栓的比例逐渐升高(P0.05);单因素分析显示年龄≥65岁、左房内径≥38 mm及射血分数≤40%是非瓣膜病AF患者发生左房血栓的危险因素(P0.05);多因素Logistics回归显示CHA2DS2-VASc评分是导致非瓣膜病AF患者发生左房血栓的危险因素。结论 CHA2DS2-VASc评分能够预测非瓣膜病AF患者左房血栓的发生,其预估价值明显优于CHADS2评分。     

CHA_2DS_2-VASc评分有助于房颤脑卒中和(或)血栓栓塞预防性抗凝治疗的规范化Meta分析

目的:系统评价CHA2DS2-VASc评分在预防抗凝治疗房颤(atrial fibrillation,AF)患者脑卒中和(或)血栓栓塞(thromboembolism,TE)发生风险预测中的应用价值。方法:系统性检索Cochrane图书馆,PubMed和Embase等数据库,纳入国外已经公开发表的有关CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc评分预测脑卒中和(或)TE发生风险的相关队列研究。采用Revman 5.2软件进行Meta分析,计算合并后的相对危险度(risk ratios,RRs)和95%可信区间(confidence interval,CIs),分别比较在抗凝或未抗凝治疗AF患者CHA2DS2-VASc评分≥2(高危组)和CHA2DS2-VASc评分2(低中危组)分层内脑卒中和(或)TE风险发生情况。χ2趋势检验分析各危险组脑卒中和(或)TE发生风险与评分值的相关趋势。结果:本研究共纳入12篇文献,5篇以脑卒中为终点事件(RR=5.31,CI:3.69~7.62;P0.01),7篇以TE为终点事件(RR=5.94,CI:5.48~6.43;P0.01)(Pdiff=0.55);其中4篇研究对象接受抗凝基线治疗(RR=5.43,CI:4.92~6.00;P0.01),8篇研究对象未接受抗凝基线治疗(RR=5.92,CI:5.26~6.67;P0.01)(Pdiff=0.57)。CHA2DS2-VASc评分低危组终点事件发生率明显比CHADS2评分要低(0.54%vs 1.40%)(P0.05),且将更多的患者纳入高危组(81.0%vs 46.0%,P0.05)。结论:与CHADS2评分相比,CHA2DS2-VASc评分将更多的AF患者归类于高危组,且高危组脑卒中和(或)TE发生风险更高,并显示已接受抗凝治疗的AF患者仍然存在脑卒中和(或)TE发生风险,且随风险评分系统分值的增高而显著升高。这提示AF卒中预防性抗凝药物治疗需要正确评估而规范化实施。     

026CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc积分系统评估病态窦房结综合征之脑卒中与死亡风险相关分析

心房颤动（房颤）为常见的心律失常之一,并易继发脑卒中。既往评估其继发脑卒中风险多选用实效的CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc积分系统进行分析。然而时下关于对患病态窦房结综合征（SSS）患者,是否亦可选用CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc现行积分系统评估其继发脑卒中及死亡风险均不清楚,现就其进行分析。     

CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc对病窦综合征患者起搏器置入术后脑卒中风险的评估

目的:探讨CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc对病窦综合征患者起搏器置入术后脑卒中风险的评估作用。方法:分别采用CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc评分标准对病窦综合征起搏器置入术后患者进行评分,并随访5年观察脑梗死的发生率。结果:CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc评分法预测病窦综合征起搏器置入术后患者5年内脑梗死风险,受试者工作曲线下面积(AUCROC)分别为(0.59,95%CI:0.49~0.70)和(0.72,95%CI:0.63~0.80)。CHA2DS2-VASc评分低危组14例患者均未并发脑梗死,中危组33例患者中1例(3.6%)并发脑梗死,高危组167例患者中13例(7.78%)并发脑梗死;三组间脑梗死发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。线性回归分析显示,CHA2DS2-VASc评分与病窦综合征起搏器置入术后患者并发脑梗死呈正相关(r=0.851,P=0.007)。CHA2DS2-VASc评分标准中,病窦综合征起搏器置入术后患者并发脑梗死的各项,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:CHA2DS2-VASc评分法可有效评估病窦综合征起搏器置入术后患者并发脑梗死的风险。     

CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores as predictors of platelet reactivity in acute coronary syndrome

BackgroundPlatelet function testing (PFT) in patients treated with P2Y₁₂ inhibitors has been widely evaluated for the prediction of stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and bleeding events following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Thus, PFT-guided treatment could positively affect patient outcomes. Data regarding clinical parameters for predicting platelet reactivity in ACS patients are limited. Therefore, our study aims to evaluate CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores as predictors for platelet reactivity in ACS patients.MethodsTwo hundred and ninety-one consecutive patients who underwent PCI and were treated with aspirin and clopidogrel due to ACS were tested for their CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc scores and platelet reactivity using adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced aggregation (conventional aggregometry). Patients were classified into groups according to their CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores. Low-risk group (0–1 score) for CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores and high-risk group (2–6, 2–9) for CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores, respectively. Furthermore, platelet reactivity in each group were compared (low CHADS2 group vs high CHADS2 group, and low CHA2DS2-VASc vs high CHA2DS2-VASc). Platelet reactivity was defined as low platelet reactivity (<19 U), optimal platelet reactivity [(OPR); 19–46 U], and high on-treatment platelet reactivity [(HPR); >46 U]. Thereafter receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to verify whether CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores could predict platelet reactivity.ResultsLow CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores were significantly correlated with lower mean platelet ADP-induced aggregation as compared with high CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores [45.5 U (± 16) vs. 54.8 U (±15) and 44.2 U (±16) vs. 51.0 U (±17), respectively, p = 0.01 for both].ConclusionIn ACS patients treated with clopidogrel following PCI, high CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores correlated with HPR and lower scores correlated with OPR. Further studies are needed to evaluate our findings’ clinical implications.     

Usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography to confirm clinical utility of CHA2DS2-VASc and CHADS2 scores in atrial flutter

The CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc and CHADS(2) risk stratification schemes are used to predict thromboembolism and ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, limited data are available regarding the utility of these risk stratification schemes for stroke in patients with atrial flutter. A retrospective analysis of 455 transesophageal echocardiographic studies in patients with atrial flutter was performed to identify left atrial (LA) thrombi and/or spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (SEC). The CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 years [doubled risk weight], Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke/transient ischemic attack [doubled risk weight], Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex) and CHADS(2) (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke/transient ischemic attack [double risk weight]) scores were calculated to stratify the risk of stroke or transient cerebrovascular ischemic events. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed LA thrombi in 5.3% and SEC in 25.9% of patients. Using CHADS(2), LA thrombus was found in 2.2% of the low-intermediate-risk group and 8.3% of the high-risk group (p = 0.005). SEC was found in 19.8% of the low-intermediate-risk group and 32% of the high-risk group (p = 0.004). Using CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc, LA thrombus was found in 1.7% of the low-intermediate-risk group and 6.5% of the high-risk group (p = 0.053). SEC was found in 11.8% of the low-intermediate-risk group versus 30.9% of the high-risk group (p = 0.004). The sensitivity for LA thrombus/SEC with a high CHADS(2) and CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score was 64.8% and 88.7%, respectively (p = 0.0001). The specificity for LA thrombus/SEC with high CHADS(2) and CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc scores was 52.6% and 28.9%, respectively (p = 0.0001). In conclusion, both CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc and CHADS(2) scores are useful for stroke risk stratification in patients with atrial flutter. CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc had greater sensitivity for LA thrombus and SEC detection at the cost of reduced specificity.     

Reliable identification of ’truly low’ thromboembolic risk in patients initially diagnosed with ’lone’ atrial fibrillation:The Belgrade atrial fibrillation study

Background The CHA 2 DS 2-VASc schema has recently been introduced to complement the CHADS2 score and improve the identification of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients at ’truly low risk’ for thromboembolism.We tested the predictive ability of the CHA 2 DS 2-VASc,CHADS2 and van Walraven risk stratification schemes in a cohort of ’lone’ AF patients with a 12-year follow-up.Methods and Results We conducted a registry-based,observational cohort study of 345 patients initially diagnosed with ’lone’ AF between 1992 and 2007.At baseline,all patients had the CHADS2 and van Walraven scores of 0,and 262 (75.9%) had a CHA 2 DS 2VASc score=0.During follow-up (or within a year prior to stroke),228 (66.1%),234 (67.8%) and 150 patients (43.5%) retained the CHADS2,van Walraven and CHA 2 DS 2VASc scores of 0,respectively.The overall rate of ischemic stroke was 0.19 (95%CI:0.18-0.20) per 100 patient-years.In the multivariable analysis,only the CHA 2 DS 2-VASc score of 0 was significantly related to the absence of stroke (OR 5.1,95%CI:1.5-16.8,P=0.008).Only the CHA 2 DS 2-VASc score had a significant prediction ability (c-statistic 0.72 [0.61-0.84],P=0.031).Conclusions The CHA 2 DS 2-VASc score reliably identified the ’lone’ AF patients who were at ’truly low risk’ for thromboembolism,and was the only tested risk stratification scheme with a significant predictive ability for thromboembolism amongst lone AF patients.     

CHA2DS2-VASc score is a useful-predictor of not prognosis but coronary-arteriosclerosis in chronic atrial-fibrillation compared with CHADS2 score: A two-center study of 320-slice CT,part 2

Background

The aim of this study is to predict the risk of coronary-arteriosclerosis and prognosis in subjects with chronic-atrial-fibrillation (CAF) using the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores by 320-slice-CT and invasive-coronary-angiography (ICA) in a two-center-study.

Methods

53 CAF subjects who underwent 320-slice-CT and ICA within 6-months (43 male; 69 ± 9 years; CHADS2 score 2.2 ± 1.3; CHA2DS2-VASc score 3.5 ± 1.6) in the two-institutes were analyzed. CT and ICA data were transferred to the analysis-center and were analyzed by cardiologists.

Results

Agatston-calcium-score and frequencies of the presence of various-kinds of plaques and > 50% and > 75% coronary artery stenosis were significantly higher in the subjects with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 3 compared with those with score < 3. However there were no-significant differences in the Agatston-calcium-score and frequencies of the presence of various-kinds of plaques and > 50% and > 75% coronary artery stenosis evaluated by 320-slice CT between the subjects with CHADS2 score ≥ 2 and < 2. Frequency of > 50% coronary artery stenosis by ICA was significantly higher in the subjects with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 3 compared with those with score < 3. However, there were no-significant differences in the frequencies of > 50% and > 75% coronary artery stenosis by ICA between the subjects with CHADS2 score ≥ 2 and < 2. During a mean of 15.9 months, composite rate of cardiac death and heart failure did not differ between subjects with CHADS2 score ≥ 2 and score < 2 and between subjects with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 3 and score < 3.

Conclusions

The CHA2DS2-VASc score is a useful predictor of not prognosis but coronary-arteriosclerosis in subjects with CAF compared with CHADS2 score in this two-center-study.     

CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc risk factors to predict first cardiovascular hospitalization among atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter patients

Limited data exist concerning risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter (AFL). The aim of this retrospective cohort evaluation was to assess whether patient characteristics and risk factors, including CHADS(2) (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, type 2 diabetes, and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack [doubled]) and CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc (congestive heart failure; hypertension; age ≥75 years [doubled]; type 2 diabetes; previous stroke, transient ischemic attack, or thromboembolism [doubled]; vascular disease; age 65 to 75 years; and sex category) scores, identified patients with AF or AFL at risk for CV hospitalization. Claims data (January 2003 to June 2009) were evaluated to identify patients aged ≥40 years with ≥1 inpatient or ≥2 (within 30 days of each other) outpatient diagnoses of AF or AFL and an absence of diagnosis codes related to cardiac surgery within 30 days of AF or AFL diagnosis. Risk factors for first CV hospitalization in the 2-year period after diagnosis were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Overall, 377,808 patients (mean age 73.9 ± 12.1 years) were identified, of whom 128,048 had CV hospitalizations. CHADS(2) and CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc scores were the top 2 predictors of first CV hospitalization after AF or AFL diagnosis. Hospitalization risk was increased 2.3- to 2.7-fold in patients with CHADS(2) scores of 6 and approximately 3.0-fold in patients with CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc scores of 9 compared to patients with a score of 0. These increases were maintained essentially unchanged throughout the 2-year follow-up period. In conclusion, CHADS(2) and CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc scores were predictive of first CV hospitalization in patients with AF or AFL and may be helpful in identifying "at-risk" patients and guiding therapy.     

CHA2DS2-VASc score as a novel predictor for contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention in acute coronary syndrome

BackgroundCHA2DS2-VASc score, used for atrial fibrillation to assess the risk of embolic complications, have shown to predict adverse clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), irrespective of atrial fibrillation. This study envisaged to assess the predictive role of CHA2DS2-VASc score for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsA total of 300 consecutive patients with ACS undergoing PCI were enrolled in this study. CHA2DS2-VASc score was calculated for each patient. These patients were divided into two groups as Group 1 (with CIN) and Group 2 (without CIN). CIN was defined as increase in serum creatinine level ≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% increase from baseline within 48 h after PCI. After receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the study population was again classified into two groups: CHA2DS2-VASc score ≤3 group (Group A) and score ≥4 group (Group B).ResultsCIN was reported in 41 patients (13.6%). Patients with CIN had a higher frequency of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and had a lower left ventricular ejection fraction and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed good predictive value of CHA2DS2-VASc score for CIN (area under the curve 0.81, 95% CI 0.73–0.90). Patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of ≥4 had a higher frequency of CIN as compared with patients with score ≤3 (56.8% vs 4.8%; p = 0.0001) with multivariate analysis demonstrating CHA2DS2-VASc score of ≥4 to be an independent predictor of CIN.ConclusionIn patients with ACS undergoing PCI, CHA2DS2-VASc score can be used as a novel, simple, and a sensitive diagnostic tool for the prediction of CIN.     

Valor do Diâmetro do Átrio Esquerdo com Escore CHA2DS2-Vasc na Predição da Trombose Atrial Esquerda/Trombose de Apêndice Atrial Esquerdo na Fibrilação Atrial Não Valvar

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation is the most common persistent arrhythmia, and is the main factor that leads to thromboembolism.ObjectiveTo investigate the value of left atrial diameter combined with CHA2DS2-VASc score in predicting left atrial/left atrial appendage thrombosis in non-valvular atrial fibrillation.MethodsThis is a retrospective study. 238 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation were selected and divided into two groups: thrombosis and non-thrombosis. CHA2DS2-VASc score was determined. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the history of stroke/transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, CHA2DS2-VASc score, left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were independent risk factors for left atrial/left atrial appendage thrombosis (p<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve for the CHA2DS2-VASc score in predicting left atrial/left atrial appendage thrombosis was 0.593 when the CHA2DS2-VASc score was ≥3 points, and sensitivity and specificity were 86.5% and 32.6%, respectively, while the area under the curve for LAD in predicting left atrial/left atrial appendage thrombosis was 0.786 when LAD was ≥44.17 mm, and sensitivity and specificity were 89.6% and 60.9%, respectively. Among the different CHA2DS2-VASc groups, the incidence rate of left atrial/left atrial appendage thrombosis in patients with LAD ≥44.17 mm was higher than patients with LAD <44.17 mm (p<0.05).ConclusionCHA2DS2-VASc score and LAD are correlated with left atrial/left atrial appendage thrombosis in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. For patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0 or 1, when LAD is ≥44.17 mm, the risk for left atrial/left atrial appendage thrombosis remained high. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)     

低强度华法林抗凝治疗高出血风险房颤患者的有效性及安全性临床研究

目的：应用2010年欧洲心脏病学协会（ESC）房颤新指南提出的新的评分系统卒中危险评分（CHA2DS2-VASc）和首次推出的出血风险评分法（HAS-BLED）,观察CHA2DS2-VASc积分≥1分且HAS-BLED出血风险积分≥3分时,低强度华法林抗凝治疗高出血风险房颤患者的抗栓疗效和安全性。方法2011年1月至2012年1月我院非瓣膜性房颤患者99例,其CHA2DS2-VASc卒中危险评分≥1分且HAS-BLED出血风险积分≥3分。全部病例分成两组,标准强度华法林治疗组[2.0＜国际标准化比值（INR）≤3.0]和低强度华法林治疗组（1.6≤INR≤2.0）。观察两组患者的血栓栓塞率及出血发生率。结果卡方检验结果显示,两组患者的血栓栓塞率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;标准强度华法林治疗组的出血发生率高于低强度华法林治疗组患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 CHA2DS2-VASc卒中危险评分≥1分且HAS-BLED出血风险积分≥3分的高出血风险的房颤患者可以采用低强度华法林抗凝,能有效减少血栓栓塞事件的发生,同时不增加严重出血事件,使用安全可靠。     

Prognostic Value of the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc Score after Endovascular Therapy for Femoral Popliteal Artery Lesions

Aim: Originally developed for predicting the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), the CHA ₂ DS ₂ -VASc score also has the potential to predict the risk of other cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the CHA ₂ DS ₂ -VASc score in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) requiring Femoral popliteal (FP) endovascular therapy (EVT). Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study analyzed the clinical database of 2190 patients who underwent FP EVT for symptomatic PAD (Rutherford categories 2–4) between January 2010 and December 2018. We calculated the CHA ₂ DS ₂ -VASc score and then investigated the association between the score, as well as AF, and their prognosis. Outcome measures were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and major adverse limb events (MALEs). Results: During a median follow-up of 3.0 years (interquartile range, 1.5–5.0 years), 532 MACEs and 562 MALEs occurred. The CHA ₂ DS ₂ -VASc score and AF were independently associated with an increased risk of MACEs; their adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals] were 1.28 [1.20–1.36] ( P ＜0.001) per 1-point increase and 1.49 [1.06–2.09] ( P =0.022), respectively. The CHA ₂ DS ₂ -VASc score was almost linearly associated with MACEs, without any clear threshold point. On the other hand, these variables were not associated with MALEs risk ( P =0.32 and 0.48). Conclusion: The CHA ₂ DS ₂ -VASc score and AF were independently associated with the increased risk of MACEs but not of MALEs in patients with symptomatic PAD who underwent FP EVT. The score might be useful in stratifying the MACEs risk in this type of patients.     

非瓣膜性心房颤动患者导管消融术后抗凝策略的研究进展

非瓣膜性心房颤动患者导管消融术后的卒中预防策略尚存争议,现有指南大多推荐根据CHA2DS2-VASc评分制定抗凝策略,建议CHA2DS2-VASc评分≥2分的卒中高风险患者术后长期抗凝.但目前临床实践中,抗凝出血风险和患者依从性等问题仍待解决,对心房颤动患者术后卒中来源的剖析、卒中风险的全面评估以及个体化卒中预防策略的...