绝经后妇女骨代谢生化指标与骨密度相关性研究

目的探讨绝经女性骨密度与骨代谢生化指标血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b的关系。方法 选取我科2007 -2009年人院的绝经女性115例,采用DPX2L型双能X线骨密度检测仪,测定腰椎 (L2 ~L4)及股骨上端[包括股骨颈（NECK)、华氏三角（Ward)及股骨粗隆（TROCH)]的骨密度 (BMD)值;根据Tscore值将人选者分为骨量正常组（48例)和骨质疏松组（67例）。并选未绝经女性 30例,骨密度检查正常者为对照组,采用酶联免疫法测定各组血清骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（ALP)、血清 骨钙素（BGP)、血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP-5b)的浓度,并比较三组骨代谢生化指标的变化,并 对BMD与各项骨代谢指标进行相关性分析。结果绝经女性骨质疏松组各部位BMD值均低于骨量 正常组(P<0. 05);骨质疏松组血中ALP、BGP、TRAP-5b浓度均显著高于骨量正常组（P <0. 05 ),骨 量正常组血清ALP、BGP、TRAP-5b浓度显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0. 05 )。对照组各部 位的骨密度值与骨代谢生化指标无明显相关性（P>0.05),在绝经女性骨质疏松组中,ALP和TRAP- 5b与腰椎（L2 ~L4)及股骨颈部位的BMD有一定的关系,呈负相关（r分别为-0. 248、- 0. 364、- 0.434、-0.386 )。结论绝经女性骨质疏松为高转换型,血清ALP、BGP、TRAP-5b浓度变化可反映 骨代谢活动,绝经女性BMD的降低与骨转换率升高有关。检测代谢指标有助于早期防治骨质疏松症 (OP)。     

益肾健脾法对老年髋部骨折术后骨代谢的影响

目的运用益肾健脾法中药干预老年髋部骨折术后,观察其对骨代谢及骨密度等临床指标的影响。方法符合纳入标准的40例病例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,各20例。治疗组根据临床辨证,运用益肾健脾法给予中药口服,每日1剂,早晚分服;对照组不予干预,2月后复诊。术前和术后2月对比观察Ca、P、ALP、ACP、PTH、BGP、CT及骨密度指标,两次所得数据进行统计分析。结果最终资料收集完善的18例病例,治疗组8例,对照组10例。术前两组各项指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后两组Ca、ALP、ACP、PTH、BGP、CT差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),术后P及骨密度两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年髋部骨折术后运用益肾健脾法进行中药干预,可以改善部分骨代谢指标。     

甲亢131Ⅰ治疗前后前臂骨密度及相关生化指标变化分析

目的 探讨131Ⅰ治疗甲状腺功能亢进(简称甲亢)前后对前臂骨密度及骨代谢相关生化指标的影响.方法 102例甲亢患者治疗前、治疗后3及6个月分别检测其血清TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4、TSH以及骨钙素(BGP)、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、血清钙(Ca)和无机磷(P)的含量,治疗前后均采用DTX-200型双能X线骨密度仪检测其前臂骨密度(BMD)值.结果 1、甲亢131Ⅰ治疗后痊愈组、好转组和甲低组3个月至6个月前臂骨密度值呈上升趋势,治疗后6个月与治疗前的BMD值比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);甲亢治疗无效组BMD与治疗前BMD比较无明显差异(P>0.05).2、甲亢131Ⅰ治疗前与治疗后6个月BGP、ALP、血清Ca比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);甲亢治疗无效组与治疗前比较无明显差异(P>0.05).结论 甲亢患者经131Ⅰ治疗后前臂骨密度及其骨代谢指标均有较好恢复.     

糖尿病肾病患者骨密度及骨代谢标志物的临床研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)不同阶段糖尿病肾病(DN)患者的骨密度(BMD)及骨代谢标志物的变化。方法检测T2DM正常白蛋白尿患者(51例)与DN患者(微量白蛋白尿组40例,临床白蛋白尿组28例,肾功不全组20例)的BMD及骨代谢指标。结果 25羟维生素D3(25-OH-D3)在正常白蛋白尿组最高,在DN各组间随着肾功能的恶化逐渐降低(P0.05)。DN各组血清骨钙素(BGP)及血清总I型胶原氨基端延长肽(T-PINP)均低于正常白蛋白尿组(P0.05)。DN各组I型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(βCTX)均高于正常白蛋白尿组(P0.05)。肾功不全组血清甲状旁腺激素(PTH)明显高于其他3组(P0.05),其他各组间差异无显著性(P0.05)。大量白蛋白尿组及肾功不全组各部位BMD值均低于正常白蛋白尿组(P0.05)。多元相关分析表明腰椎BMD及股骨颈BMD与年龄、血Cr、BUN、尿MA/Cr、βCTX、PTH成负相关,与血Ca、25-OHD3、BGP、T-PINP成正相关,女性患者腰椎BMD及股骨颈BMD与绝经年限成负相关。结论随着T2DM患者肾功能逐渐下降,其骨量减少的程度逐渐加重,T-PINP、BGP、βCTX、25-OH-D3等骨代谢指标较BMD更敏感地反映DN早期骨代谢的变化。DN患者的BMD与年龄、绝经年限、尿MA/Cr、25-OH-D3等因素相关。     

绝经前女性系统性红斑狼疮患者骨密度和骨代谢指标测定

目的 探讨绝经前女性系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者骨密度(BMD)和骨代谢指标的变化.方法 采用双能x线骨密度吸收仪(DEXA)测定178例绝经前女性SLE患者以及60例正常对照组的腰椎、股骨颈的骨密度以及T值,血钙、磷浓度,血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、血清骨钙素(BGP)、尿I型胶原交联氨基末端肽(NTX)水平,并将SLE组患者分为SLE初诊组与治疗组,分别对其数据进行统计分析.结果 SLE初诊组的腰椎BMD,股骨颈BMD及T值,血清AKP、尿NTX较正常对照组均无明显差异,而腰椎骨密度T值、血清BGP较正常对照组低(P＜O.05);SLE治疗组的腰椎BMD、T值和股骨颈1值,血清BGP低于正常对照组,但股骨颈BMD、血清AKP、尿NTX较正常对照组差异未达统计学意义;SLE治疗组的腰椎、股骨颈BMD与T值均显著低于SLE初诊组.SLE组的骨质疏松及骨量减少率分别为6.74%、16.85%.结论 绝经前SLE患者较同年龄正常女性易发生骨质疏松,血清BGP和腰椎骨密度可能较早反映骨质疏松的发生.     

绝经后女性骨密度与骨代谢生化指标的相关性分析

目的分析绝经后女性骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)与骨代谢生化指标的相关性。方法选取西南医科大学附属医院2017年1月至2018年12月收治的绝经后女性患者151例。根据骨密度T值将患者分为骨质疏松组(83例)、骨量低下组(47例)和骨量正常组(21例),比较三组患者骨代谢生化指标的差异,并对各项指标与BMD进行相关性分析。结果骨质疏松组甲状旁腺素(PTH)、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端前肽(P1NP)、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(β-CTX)显著高于骨量低下组和骨量正常组(P0. 05),骨量低下组显著高于骨量正常组(P0. 05)。骨质疏松组体质量指数(bone mass index,BMI)、25(OH) D_3显著低于骨量低下组和骨量正常组(P0. 05),骨量低下组显著低于骨量正常组(P0. 05)。血钙、血磷、骨钙素(BGP)、血清的骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)在三组之间比较,差异无明显统计学意义(P0. 05)。Spearman相关分析显示,PTH、P1NP、β-CTX与骨密度呈负相关(r=-0. 538,-0. 520,-0. 462,P 0. 05),25(OH) D_3与骨密度呈正相关(r=0. 517,P0. 05),血钙、血磷、BALP、BGP与骨密度无相关性(P0. 05)。结论血清25(OH) D_3、PTH、P1NP、β-CTX与骨密度存在显著相关性,骨代谢生化指标监测有助于绝经后女性骨质疏松的早期诊断。     

绝经后女性2型糖尿病伴骨质疏松患者骨密度与骨代谢指标的相关性分析

目的分析研究绝经后女性2型糖尿病伴骨质疏松症患者骨密度与骨代谢指标的相关性。方法选取2013年10月至2017年05月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院内分泌内科住院的绝经后女性2型糖尿病患者385名。搜集其基本资料、骨代谢指标及骨密度等。根据T值将这些患者分为骨质疏松组(233例)、骨量减少组(101例)和骨量正常组(51例),比较三组间骨代谢指标的变化,并对骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)与各项骨代谢指标进行相关性分析。结果 1型前胶原氨基末端前肽(Type I procollagen N-terminal propeptide,P1NP)、骨钙素(bone Gla protein,BGP)在骨质疏松组显著高于骨量减少组、骨量正常组(P0.05);随着骨密度的降低,1型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(β-Carboxyl terminal peptide,β-CTX)逐渐升高,骨质疏松组、骨量减少组与骨量正常组相比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Spearman等级相关分析示P1NP、BGP、β-CTX与骨密度呈负相关,25(OH)D_3与骨密度呈现正相关。结论绝经后女性2型糖尿病伴骨质疏松症患者骨密度与骨代谢指标有一定的相关性,有助于预测骨折风险并及时抗骨质疏松治疗。     

慢性肾功衰患者骨密度与钙调节激素和胱抑素C的变化和关系

目的探讨慢性肾功能衰竭患者的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)与钙调节激素和胱抑素C的变化和关系。方法用双能X线吸收测量法(DEXA)检测75例慢性肾功衰患者(简称为CRF组)和50例正常对照组的骨密度(BMD),并测定各自的生化指标:血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、胱抑素C(Cys C)和钙调节激素指标:甲状旁腺素(PTH)、降钙素(CT)、骨钙素(BGP),做统计分析。结果 CRF组BMD较对照组显著降低(P<0.01);P、ALP、PTH、BGP和CT显著升高(P<0.01),Ca降低(P<0.01)。BMD与Cys C、PTH和BGP呈负相关,r分别是-0.39、-0.43、-0.32,与血Ca、P、CT和ALP无相关性。Cys C与PTH和BGP呈正相关(r分别是0.38、0.25)。结论 CRF患者BMD显著下降,可能与肾脏损伤程度和钙调节激素紊乱有关。     

阿仑膦酸钠对甲状腺功能减患者骨密度及骨生化、代谢影响的临床研究

目的观察阿仑膦酸钠对甲状腺功能减患者骨密度及骨生化、代谢影响的影响。方法初次诊断为未绝经的甲状腺功能减退女性患者64例,按随机数字表法将其分为治疗组32例,对照组32例。对照组给予左旋甲状腺素替代治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上给予阿仑膦酸钠70 mg/周,为期12个月。测定治疗不同时间段患者,腰椎1-4(L_(1-4))、左侧股骨颈BMD及血Ca~(2+)、血P~(3+)、1,25-(OH)_2D_3、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、血清Ⅰ型胶原羧基端吡啶并啉交联肽(ICTP)以及血清骨钙蛋白(bone gla-protein,BGP)水平的变化情况。结果治疗前两组患者的骨密度及骨生化、代谢指标比较不具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗12个月后,治疗组患者的腰椎1-4(L_(1-4))及股骨颈BMD均显著高于治疗前及同时期对照组(P0.05);治疗后12个月后,两组患者的血ALP、ICTP及BGP均有不同程度升高,治疗组的BGP升高程度明显大于对照组;而对照组的ALP及ICTP升高程度明显大于治疗组,比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前后两组患者血Ca~(2+)、血P~(3+)、1,25-(OH)_2D_3比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论阿仑膦酸钠可以明显提升甲状腺功能减患者骨密度,改善骨生化和代谢状态。     

甲状旁腺激素(1-34)联合伊班膦酸钠治疗严重骨质疏松症的临床研究

目的甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)(1-34)联合伊班膦酸钠治疗严重骨质疏松症效果临床观察。方法98例严重绝经后骨质疏松症合并骨骼疼痛患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组使用PTH联合伊班膦酸钠治疗,对照组单纯予以伊班膦酸钠治疗,为期12个月。分别检测两组受试者腰椎及髋部骨密度、血清骨代谢指标治疗前后的改变。结果药物治疗6个月后两组患者腰椎L1~4及股骨粗隆、左侧股骨颈、Ward三角区的骨密度明显增加,且12个月后骨密度进一步增加,显著高于对照组(P0.05);药物治疗12个月后两组血清及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、血清Ⅰ型胶原C末端肽(s-CTX)、血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶-5b(TRACP-5b)、血清骨源性碱性磷酸酶(BAP)及血清骨钙素(OC)水平均显著改变,且治疗组对ALP及s-CTX、BAP、OC及TRACP-5b影响更明显(P0.05),而两组血钙(Ca)及血磷(P)治疗前后无明显差异(P0.05)。结论PTH联合伊班膦酸钠使用能有效提高严重骨质疏松症患者髋部及腰椎骨密度,改善骨代谢。     

跖骨感染骨外露的显微外科治疗

[目的]回顾总结跖骨骨感染骨外露的显微外科治疗方法。[方法]自1995年～2005年采用显微外科技术治疗214例跖骨骨外露骨感染患者。[结果]全部病例获得随访1～10年，平均随访3年，14例游离植皮术后皮肤成活良好，199例术后皮瓣全部成活，1例腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣移位修复术出现远端部分皮肤坏死，后经换药处理后，伤口自然愈合。皮瓣移植术后质地良好，无溃疡复发。患足均可负重走路。[结论]应用显微外科技术治疗跖骨骨感染骨外露可获得较好的疗效。     

Assessment of bone density and bone loss

Osteoporosis International - Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry has become the standard for the evaluation of osteoporosis. It is useful both for identifying those people who are going to be at risk...     

Spinal fusions: bone and bone substitutes

Vertebral arthrodesis is one of the most commonly performed, yet incompletely understood, procedures in spinal surgery. Despite major progress in internal fixation techniques, the high rate of non-unions indicates that physiologic, biologic and molecular events that are crucial to this process are not well known. This article will analyze the general biology of bone regeneration, and particularly discuss the properties and use of various bone graft materials and graft substitutes. Received: 9 August 2000/Accepted: 11 August 2000     

Trabecular bone remodeling and bone balance in hyperthyroidism

In vivo tetracycline double-labeled iliac crest bone biopsies from 15 hyperthyroid patients were used for the reconstruction of curves describing the variation of resorption depth and formation thickness with time. The curves emerging were compared to curves reconstructed from 13 age- and sex-matched normal individuals (mean age 44 years). The median function period for resorptive cells in hyperthyroid patients (16 days) was about one-third the resorptive period in normals (51 days). No significant difference between the osteoclast-, mononuclear-, or preosteoblast-like cell resorption depths could be demonstrated between the two groups. Consequently, the median resorption rate in hyperthyroid patients (3.8 μm/day) was more than 3 times higher than the value in the control group (1.1 μm/day). Median Sigma_f, was shorter in the hyperthyroid group (109 days) than in the control group (151 days, P < 0.05), as was the median initial mineralization lag time (5 and 16 days, respectively, P < 0.01). No significant difference between the measured mean completed wall thickness (mcwT) values in the hyperthyroid groups and the control group could be demonstrated (58.1 and 60.5 μm respectively). Median initial mineralization rate in the hyperthyroid group (1.2 μm³/μm² per day) was not significantly higher than the value calculated in the control group (0.9 μm³/ μm² per day), but median initial matrix appositional rate in hyperthyroids (4.8 μm³/μm² per day) was 3 times higher than the value calculated for normals (1.6 μm³/μm² per day) (P < 0.01). Direct measurements of mean completed wall thickness in the hyperthyroid group gave results (58.1 μm) that were not in accordance with the mean completed wall thickness calculated from the growth curve (52.1 μm, P < 0.02). In normals no such discrepancy could be demonstrated. Using the mcwT value estimated from the growth curve, the bone formation period was calculated to 90 days for hyperthyroid patients. This maximal estimate for mcwT was also significantly lower than the mean resorption depth measured in the hyperthyroid group (61.7 μm, P < 0.05), which means that a net negative balance per remodeling cycle existed in the hyperthyroid group. Bone balance was preserved in the control group.     

骨胶原与骨质疏松骨密度及骨生物力学的相关性研究

目的探讨骨胶原含量在绝经后骨质疏松症的发生、发展及在骨质疏松性骨折中的作用。方法取7个月龄未交配雌性SD大鼠60只，随机分为四组，A组：对照组（sham组）；B组：切除卵巢组；C组：切除卵巢＋雌激素治疗组；D组：切除卵巢＋降钙素治疗组。除A组外，其他三组通过切除双侧卵巢法12周后制成骨质疏松模型，24周后分别行k的力学特性、右侧股骨三点弯曲试验、羟脯氨酸含量、k骨密度（BMD）测定，Masson三色染色法显示骨胶原形态。结果A、C、D组与B组在k羟脯氨酸含量、BMD、k压缩力学参数值、右侧股骨生物力学参数值、骨胶原染色含量及形态方面差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而A、C、D组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。统计学分析显示羟脯氨酸含量与BMD及骨生物力学参数值呈直线相关性。结论骨质疏松的发生与骨胶原含量下降有关。骨胶原含量的下降与BMD降低及骨生物力学改变呈相关性。应用雌激素和降钙素治疗去势后骨质疏松大鼠，不仅可以提高其BMD含量和骨生物力学性能，而且还可以提高骨胶原的含量。     

Repair of long bone defects with demineralized bone matrix and autogenous bone composite

Background:

Repair of diaphyseal bone defects is a challenging problem for orthopedic surgeons. In large bone defects the quantity of harvested autogenous bone may not be sufficient to fill the gap and then the use of synthetic or allogenic grafts along with autogenous bone becomes mandatory to achieve compact filling. Finding the optimal graft mixture for treatment of large diaphyseal defects is an important goal in contemporary orthopedics and this was the main focus of this study. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and autogenous cancellous bone (ACB) graft composite in a rabbit bilateral ulna segmental defect model.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-seven adult female rabbits were divided into five groups. A two-centimeter piece of long bone on the midshaft of the ulna was osteotomized and removed from the rabbits’ forearms. In group 1 (n=7) the defects were treated with ACB, in group 2 (n=7) with DBM, and in group 3 (n=7) with ACB and DBM in the ratio of 1:1. Groups 4 and 5, with three rabbits in each group, were the negative and positive controls, respectively. Twelve weeks after implantation the rabbits were sacrificed and union was evaluated with radiograph (Faxitron), dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and histological methods (decalcified sectioning).

Results:

Union rates and the volume of new bone in the different groups were as follows: group 1 - 92.8% union and 78.6% new bone; group 2 - 72.2% union and 63.6% new bone; and group 3 - 100% union and 100% new bone. DEXA results (bone mineral density [BMD]) were as follows: group 1 - 0.164 g/cm², group 2 - 0.138 g/cm², and group 3 - 0.194 g/cm².

Conclusions:

DBM serves as a graft extender or enhancer for autogenous graft and decreases the need of autogenous bone graft in the treatment of bone defects. In this study, the DBM and ACB composite facilitated the healing process. The union rate was better with the combination than with the use of any one of these grafts alone.