盐酸羟考酮用于慢性中重度癌痛的评估及护理观察

目的观察奥施康定(盐酸羟考酮)用于慢性癌痛治疗的疗效及不良反应发生率。方法50例中重度癌痛患者服用奥施康定,记录治疗前后的疼痛强度和不良反应的发生。结果总疼痛缓解率为88%。不良反应有便秘33例(66%)、恶心呕吐7例(14%)、头晕及其他不良反应的发生率低均<5%。结论每12 h服用盐酸羟考酮控释片治疗中重度癌痛安全有效。     

奥施康定剂量滴定治疗中重度癌痛的临床观察

目的观察盐酸羟考酮控释片(奥施康定)通过剂量滴定治疗中重度癌痛的疗效及不良反应。方法应用盐酸羟考酮控释片治疗115例中重度癌痛患者,对所有患者进行个体化用药,剂量滴定。依据疼痛程度初始剂量为10~20毫克/次,12h口服一次。根据患者疼痛缓解程度的不同逐渐增加剂量,直至疼痛缓解,连续服药并观察4周,记录其疗效及不良反应。结果经剂量滴定后患者口服剂量范围10~180mg/12h,115例患者中疼痛完全缓解45例(39.1%),部分缓解63例(54.8%),轻微缓解7例(6.1%),总的疼痛缓解率为93.9%。主要不良反应为便秘,其次为恶心、呕吐、口干、瘙痒、厌食、头晕、嗜睡、一过性排尿困难等。结论盐酸羟考酮控释片(奥施康定)通过剂量个体化给药可以更有效地控制中重度癌痛,镇痛效果确切,不良反应轻,服用安全。     

山慈菇外敷治疗骨转移癌疼痛的临床观察

目的评价山慈菇配合三阶梯止痛和单纯三阶梯止痛治疗骨转移癌疼痛的有效性。方法观察山慈菇粉外敷联合盐酸羟考酮控释片（奥施康定）治疗肿瘤骨转移癌疼痛的临床疗效。通过对有中、重度疼痛的41名肿瘤骨转移患者随机分组,连续观察14 d,采用χ2检验,对两组疼痛缓解情况、盐酸羟考酮控释片（奥施康定）用药剂量、体力状况评分情况进行观察和分析。结果治疗后治疗组疼痛缓解情况明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）;治疗组奥施康定使用量增加率远低于对照组（P〈0.05）;两组治疗后体力状况评分提高率比较,治疗组高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论山慈菇粉外敷对治疗骨转移癌疼痛有明显提高止痛作用的效果,减少强阿片类药物奥施康定的使用剂量,对提高患者生存质量有重要意义。     

盐酸羟考酮控释片治疗肝动脉化疗栓塞术后疼痛的疗效观察

目的探讨盐酸羟考酮控释片治疗肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)术后疼痛患者的疗效及安全性。方法 70例TACE术后疼痛患者随机分为两组,奥施康定组予以盐酸羟考酮控释片(34例),美施康定组予以硫酸吗啡缓释片(36例)治疗,观察两组患者的镇痛效果及不良反应。结果两组患者疼痛均显著减轻,奥施康定组和美施康定组镇痛有效率分别为91.2%、86.1%(P>0.05)。奥施康定组的不良反应发生率均低于美施康定组,尤其是便秘的发生率更低(P<0.05)。结论盐酸羟考酮控释片用于治疗TACE术后疼痛疗效肯定,不良反应可耐受,安全性较好。     

盐酸羟考酮控释片治疗中重度癌痛36例的临床观察

目的 探讨盐酸羟考酮控释片(奥施康定)临床治疗中重度癌痛的临床疗效及不良反应观察.方法 本文将选取2008年3月-2011年6月间我院收治的采用盐酸羟考酮控释片止痛治疗的36例中重度癌痛患者的临床资料.为了验证盐酸羟考酮控释片的优良疗效,我们将本文选取的36例患者分为治疗组,同时抽取同期治疗的24例患者为对照组.通过采取不同的治疗方法,对比两组患者在治疗期间疼痛缓解程度、生活质量以及不良反应进行对比观察分析.结果 本文中的两组患者在进行自首次服药后,对比两组患者疼痛缓解症状达到CR或PR水平的平均时间,治疗组有效率为100%,而对照组有效率为91.67%;两组患者在治疗前后生活质量变化,治疗组患者的生活质量明显高于对照组患者;本文中的两组患者临床不良反应:治疗组患者的不良反应率明显低于对照组.结论 对于已经处于癌症晚期的患者来说,出现疼痛感的患者大约占总数的50%左右.在临床上均采用最新控制释放技术-盐酸羟考酮控释片(TM),通过临床验证:盐酸羟考酮控释片具有的高稳定性、高生物利用度,为癌症的患者提供了安全口服、较小毒副作用的保障,可有效降低中重度癌痛患者的疼痛感,因此值得进行临床推广应用.     

盐酸羟考酮控释片治疗中重度癌痛的临床观察

目的：观察盐酸羟考酮控释片（奥施康定）治疗中重度癌痛的疗效及不良反应。方法：48例中重度癌痛患者给予盐酸羟考酮控释片止痛治疗,根据疼痛情况调整剂量,直至患者无痛或基本无痛,每位患者至少治疗2周以上,同时进行疼痛缓解程度、生活质量以及不良反应进行观察和评估。结果：48例中重度疼痛患者使用盐酸羟考酮控释片的最小剂量为10mg／d,最大剂量为120mg／d;平均治疗达有效时间为2．9天（1—8天）。疼痛程度评分（NRS）治疗前为6．53±1．38,治疗7天后为2．62±2．15,14天后为2．05±1．02,治疗前后疼痛强度评分有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。患者治疗前后生活质量明显改善,生活质量评分治疗前为48±14分,治疗14天后为73±11分（P〈0．05）。毒副作用主要为便秘、头晕、恶心、呕吐及嗜睡等。结论：盐酸羟考酮控释片治疗中重癌病疗效佳,毒副作用小,使用安全可靠。     

盐酸羟考酮控释片治疗癌性疼痛临床观察

癌痛是癌症患者常见的症状。世界卫生组织关于癌症三阶梯镇痛治疗的主要方法是药物镇痛治疗。阿片类镇痛药是癌症疼痛治疗的主要药物。盐酸羟考酮控释片（奥施康定）自从1995年在美国注册上市后已在50多个国家广泛应用。为确定奥施康定治疗癌痛的效果,我们对59例中重度癌痛患者口服奥施康定的止痛效果和不良反应进行了观察,报告如下。     

奥施康定治疗中重度癌性疼痛的临床观察

目的观察奥施康定（盐酸羟考酮控释片）治疗慢性癌性中重度疼痛的疗效及不良反应。方法对43例慢性癌性中重度疼痛患者进行治疗,初始剂量10mg/12h,根据疼痛缓解程度调整剂量,连续用药2周,同时进行疼痛强度、生活质量评分及不良反应观察。结果43例患者总疼痛缓解率为93%,其中中度疼痛有效率100%,重度疼痛有效率92.5%。患者生活质量明显提高,不良反应少且轻微。结论奥施康定治疗中、重度癌性疼痛疗效显著,不良反应较少,能显著改善癌症患者的生活质量。     

盐酸羟考酮控释片治疗中、重度癌痛的临床观察

目的观察盐酸羟考酮控释片（奥施康定）治疗晚期中、重度癌痛的临床效果、不良反应及患者生活质量的改善情况。方法102例中、重度癌痛患者给予奥施康定镇痛治疗,初始剂量5～10mg/q12h,正在用吗啡类镇痛药者,按照吗啡1/2剂量换算,使用过多瑞吉贴剂按25ug/h换算奥施康定15mg/q12h计算。根据疼痛情况调整剂量,直至患者疼痛评分≤2分,每位患者至少治疗15d以上,同时进行疼痛强度、生活质量评分及不良反应观察。结果奥施康定的最终滴定剂量为20～240mg/d,中位剂量50mg/d。总疼痛缓解率为91%,其中完全缓解42例（42%）,明显缓解36例（36%）,中度缓解13例（13%）。患者生活质量明显提高,不良反应主要为便秘,治疗后可缓解。结论盐酸羟考酮控释片治疗中、重度癌性疼痛疗效显著,不良反应可耐受,能显著改善癌症患者的生活质量。     

羟考酮控释片联合复方苦参注射液治疗中重度癌性疼痛的临床观察

目的 观察羟考酮控释片联合复方苦参注射液治疗中重度癌性疼痛的有效性及不良反应的发生.方法 将87例伴有中重度疼痛的恶性肿瘤患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,分别给予羟考酮控释片联合复方苦参注射液和羟考酮控释片单药治疗.结果 两组均能有效地控制癌痛,治疗组与对照组疼痛缓解率无统计学意义(P＞0.05),分别为97.7％和92.9％;而治疗组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 羟考酮控释片联合复方苦参注射液能有效地控制恶性肿瘤患者的中重度疼痛,可以减少羟考酮控释片的不良反应,提高患者的生活质量.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.