青光眼病人为什么要检查视野

青光眼视野检查的目的在于两方面，即检测有无视神经损害和监测病情进展情况。检测有无视野缺损，判断有无视神经损害。青光眼的诊断不完全决定于眼压，单纯眼压高而没有视盘损害及相应视野缺损，只能诊断为高眼压症。相反，正常眼压性青光眼。眼压正常，仅有视盘改变和视野缺损。因此视野缺损是诊断青光眼的主要指标之一，这在原发性开角型青光眼尤为重要。临床上高眼压症患者可不治疗，定期随访眼底及视野，一旦出现早期视盘损害及视野改变，即予治疗。     

眼高压患者的术后护理干预及体会

目的探讨眼高压患者的治疗效果及在术后的护理干预措施效果。方法随机选取2009年4月—2011年12月在该院进行治疗的眼高压患者28例,主要对患者采取眼压观察与监测、降压措施、眼部护理、综合护理等方面。护理人员有针对性的对眼高压患者采取护理干预措施,同时做好对患者及家属的健康教育宣传工作,以防止术后眼高压的发生发展。结果术后有25例患者出现短暂的眼压升高情况,经过应用降眼压药物的治疗后,眼压有所下降。结论护理人员对眼高压患者每天的眼部观察及眼压监测十分重要。     

动态监测方法在医院感染控制中的效果评价

目的 了解动态监测方法在医院感染监测中的效果,为预防和控制医源性感染提供更真实的监测手段.方法 对医院的环境、医务人员手及物体表面等进行动态采样和消毒后常规采样观察比较.结果 共监测样品375份,分别进行动态环境下检测和消毒后常规检测,前者采样合格214份,合格率为57.1％;后者采样合格363份,合格率96.8％;其中动态监测空气、医务人员手、物体表面平均合格率分别为52.0％、54.8％、58.6％;常规方法监测合格率分别为98.0％、96.8％、96.6％;对比结果经x2检验,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);动态环境下细菌检出率为42.9％,其中以非发酵菌最多,占51.6％;其次为肠杆菌属和革兰阳性球菌,占29.2％和19.3％.结论 加强动态环境下检测,更能真实反映医院日常消毒工作质量,对控制医院感染意义更大,同时能及时掌握医院感染细菌分布情况,对指导临床用药、预防医院感染非常重要.     

动态心电图及超声血流速度监测对一过性心律失常的诊断价值

目的：探究动态心电图及超声血流速度监测在一过性心律失常中的诊断价值。方法：选择2020年1月～2022年1月于本院接受治疗的疑似出现一过性心律失常的78例患者为研究对象，分别对其实施常规心电图、动态心电图及超声血流速度监测，以冠脉造影为金标准，判断动态心电图及超声血流速度监测在一过性心律失常中的诊断价值，同时将入组患者按照冠脉造影结果区分为阳性组（44例）和阴性组（34例），对比两组患者动态心电图及超声血流速度指标差异。结果：(1)检测发现，常规心电图对一过性心律失常检测一致性为71.79%，灵敏度为76.19%，特异度为66.67%；(2)动态心电图对一过性心律失常检测一致性为87.18%，灵敏度为86.96%，特异度为87.5%；(3)超声血流速度检测对一过性心律失常检测一致性为89.74%，灵敏度为89.13%，特异度为90.63%；(4)对比显示动态心电图及超声血流速度对一过性心律失常检测一致性、灵敏度、特异度均高于常规心电图（P<0.05）；(5)组间对比发现，心律失常阳性组患者Ts-sD、Ts-maxD、Te-masD均高于阴性组患者（P<0.05）。结论：动态...     

uCareRG10型情景动态监测仪在心血管病早期预警的研究

目的：心血管系统是由自主神经调控的复杂动态系统,通过使用人体传感网络技术进行有情景动态监测,以此实现心血管病的早期预警。方法：通过人体传感网络技术10个健康人进行有情景动态监测。对研究对象进行心电图自动分类;分析被测者的活动情景信息,并进行运动分类;并对动态心率变异性使用运动信息分割心率时间序列;检测运动中的心脏动态变化评估和sT段特征度量。结果：建立了心电图自动分类数据模型和通过人体传感网络技术提取活动特征做出运动分类的数据模型;健康人不同运动下下的心率变异性表现为运动强度大,心率变异性小的规律;ST方差随运动强度的增加而增加,经心率修正后仍然如此,而运动对健康人的sT段偏移影响不大。结论：通过有情景动态监测和基于动态系统理论的有情景数据融合方法来评估心血管系统功能是有效的。     

经皮黄疸仪的研制与临床应用

目的:对新生儿黄疸程度进行判断和动态监测,有利于及时处理、避免胆红素脑病的发生。方法:应用先进的光纤技术、光学技术、电子及信息处理技术。结果:研制了集光、电技术于一体,小巧玲珑,方便操作的QL1200型经皮黄疸仪。结论:该仪器可对新生儿黄疸进行动态监测,是高胆红素血病筛查的专用仪器。     

疟疾基本消灭后巩固监测工作中的几个问题

疾病监测,就是运用流行病学登记、调查统计,分析和一系列检测技术,了解疾病的分布动态,为制订和评价防治对策及措施提供科学的依据。目前,国内外就疟疾防治工作的报道,绝大多数是如何控制流行方面的研究,至于基本消灭疟疾后应如何实施监测;在内容和方法上应如何     

基于容积补偿法和电阻抗法的小型循环动态监测系统的开发

介绍了一种基于容积补偿法和电阻抗法的小型循环动态监测系统的开发。系统中，采用指动脉局部加压技术及相应的检测装置，改善了全周加压袖套所存在的严重的淤血问题；运用新型检测方法，提高了信号检测的稳定性；应用移动线圈式电空变换器，大幅降低了系统使用的噪声。研究还探讨了心拍出量连续检测时胸部两重圆筒模型的适用性问题，以及用点状电极替代带状电极时的最佳配置。试验表明，开发的监测系统可以满足人们在自由行动下每一心拍循环动态变化的检测，携带舒适性有了明显提高，可实现了循环动态信息的无约束无创性长时间连续检测。     

工作场所正己烷危害实时监测系统的研制

目的 针对目前工作场所正己烷危害的严重性和监测方法的局限性,研制正己烷危害实时监测终端系统,为企业和监管部门的职业病危害管控提供技术支撑。 方法 利用传感器网络技术,实现对作业人员工作场所正己烷的自动在线监测。 结果 研制的监测系统主要包括三大模块:主控模块;与该主控模块相连的正己烷传感模块以及温度、湿度等环境条件传感模块,用于获取特定职业条件下空气中的正己烷含量信息和环境参数信息;与主控模块相连的数传模块,可将采集到的数据通过无线网络传输到监控中心。该监测系统具备实时检测和动态观察的特点,与国家标准方法比较,8个样品检测结果相对误差均≤ ±5%。 结论 该监测系统性可实现对工作场所空气中正己烷浓度的实时监测。     

经皮黄疸仪在新生儿黄疸中的临床应用

目的 通过新生儿经皮胆红素的动态监测,早期发现新生儿高胆红素血症,早期进行干预.方法 应用经皮胆红素检测仪和血清胆红素检测同时对200例新生儿进行的胆红素检测结果进行线性分析.结果 经皮胆红素检测仪和血清胆红素检测定值有线性正相关关系,相关系数.r=0.478,P＞ 0.000.结论 新生儿胆红素经皮测试和血清胆红素测定相比,操作简单安全、有效、无创伤、易接受,利于重复进行及动态监测,及时预测黄疸的发生与转归.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.