住院房颤患者伴焦虑抑郁对生活质量的影响

目的探讨住院房颤患者焦虑抑郁的发病情况,以及房颤伴焦虑抑郁情感障碍是否影响其生活质量。方法入选住院房颤患者。患者自填焦虑抑郁量表,依据量表评分结果分为焦虑组、抑郁组、焦虑抑郁共病组及无焦虑抑郁状态的单纯房颤组。患者自填SF-36生活质量量表,经过量表评分后,对各组生理功能（PF）、生理职能（RP）、躯体疼痛（BP）、总体健康（GH）、活力（VT）、社会功能（sF）、情感职能（RE）和精神健康（MH）八个纬度的生活质量评分并进行比较分析。结果①入选118例房颤患者,焦虑、抑郁、焦虑抑郁共病及单纯房颤的发生率分别是12．7％（15／118）、22．0％（26／118）、8．5％（10／118）和56．8％（67／118）。②焦虑、抑郁及焦虑抑郁共病房颤患者的生活质量在PF、SF、MH、VT、GH五个方面比无焦虑抑郁的单纯房颤患者得分低;其中抑郁组、焦虑抑郁共病组患者的生活质量评分比无焦虑抑郁的单纯房颤患者的生活质量评分更低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论部分房颤患者存在焦虑、抑郁及焦虑抑郁共病的情况。合并这类情感障碍的房颤患者生活质量在PF、SF、MH、VT、GH五个方面受到一定影响,需要更为积极的临床干预。     

中西医结合治疗肺癌骨痛的临床疗效

目的观察中西医结合治疗肺癌骨痛的临床疗效。方法选取2013年11月—2015年11月解放军第261医院收治的肺癌骨痛患者40例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与治疗组,每组20例。对照组患者予以西药治疗,治疗组患者在对照组基础上予以中药治疗,两组患者均连续治疗2周。观察两组患者骨痛缓解程度、治疗前后生活质量评分及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗组患者骨痛缓解程度优于对照组(u=1.467,P0.05)。治疗前两组患者体能(PF)、精神影响(RE)、社会活动(SF)、心理健康(MH)、体能影响(RP)、精力(VT)、身体疼痛(BP)、一般健康(GH)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后治疗组患者MH、GH评分高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后两组患者PF、RE、SF、RP、VT、BP评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组患者治疗后PF、MH、RP、BP、GH评分高于治疗前(P0.05);对照组患者治疗后PF、RP、BP评分高于治疗前,GH评分低于治疗前(P0.05)。治疗组患者不良反应发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论中西医结合治疗肺癌骨痛的临床疗效确切,可有效减轻患者的疼痛,提高患者的生活质量,且安全性较高。     

三四汤改善功能性消化不良患者生活质量的临床观察

[目的]观察三四汤对功能性消化不良（FD）患者生活质量的影响.[方法]将60例FD患者随机分为2组,治疗组30例给予中药三四汤治疗;对照组30例给予口服多潘立酮片和氟哌塞吨美利曲辛片治疗;治疗60 d后采用SF-36健康调查量表对患者躯体功能（PF）、躯体职能（RP）、躯体疼痛（BP）、总体健康（GH）、生命活力（VT）、社交功能（SF）、情感职能（RE）和心理健康（MH）8个维度进行评价.采用Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）和Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）测定患者治疗前后焦虑和抑郁水平.[结果]治疗组BP、RP、GH、VT和MH总共有5个维度的积分较治疗前差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,而对照组只有BP、VT和MH 3个维度的积分较治疗前有显著改善（P＜0.05）.治疗组RP、GH、VT和MH的积分与对照组治疗后的积分比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.治疗组的SAS和SDS分值较治疗前均有显著改善（均P＜0.01）,对照组的SAS和SDS分值较治疗前也均有显著改善（均P＜0.01）,但治疗组与对照组治疗后比较,SAS和SDS分值的改善更为显著（均P＜0.01）.[结论]中药三四汤和对照组西药都可以改善FD患者的生活质量,缓解焦虑抑郁症状,但三四汤的治疗效果更为显著.     

消融房室交界区加永久性起搏器植入术改善老年心房颤动患者心功能和生活质量的研究

目的探讨消融房室交界区加永久性起搏器植入术(Abl+Pm)对老年心房颤动(房颤)患者心功能、生活质量的影响。方法32例症状明显,长期药物治疗无效的老年房颤患者,先后进行Abl+Pm手术,术前1周及术后12个月均进行超声心动图测定和SF-36调查问卷评分。结果老年房颤患者的左心室舒张末内径由术前的(51．6±5．2)mm缩小为(48．2±4．6)mm(P＜0．01)；左心室射血分数由术前的0．53±0．05提高到0．58±0．05(P＜0．01)；SF-36量表评分中除身体疼痛(BP)差异无统计学意义外,其他7项指标：躯体功能(PF)、躯体角色(RP)、情感角色(RE)、社会功能(SF)、活力(VT)、总的健康状况(GH)、精神健康(MH)均得到改善(P＜0．05)。结论Abl+Pm治疗能改善老年房颤患者的心脏功能和生活质量。     

认知功能障碍对社区中老年人生活质量的影响

目的探讨认知功能障碍(CFI)对中老年人生活质量的影响。方法采用典型抽样法,选取宁夏银川市和吴忠市中老年人口比例较高的5个城市社区,行一对一的问卷调查和临床检查。生活质量测量采用SF-36问卷,认知功能测量采用简易智能精神状态检查(MMSE)量表。结果 CFI患者199例,占19.26%。男、女性SF-36各维度得分在生理功能(PF)、生理职能(RP)、躯体疼痛(BP)、总体健康(GH)、活力(VT)、社会功能(SF)和情感职能(RE)维度具有统计学差异;比较回、汉族SF-36各维度评分,在RP、BP和心理健康(MH)维度存在统计学差异;CFI组与对照组PF、RP、BP和RE维度存在统计学差异。结论宁夏城市社区中老年人生活质量受性别、民族等多方面因素的影响。CFI对老年人生活质量有显著影响,在PF、RP、RE维度功能影响更为突出。     

中医辨证治疗对腹泻型肠易激综合征患者近期生活质量的影响

[目的]观察中医辨证论治对腹泻型肠易激综合征（IBS-D）患者近期生活质量的影响。[方法]将345例IBS-D患者分为2组,分别采用中药和西药匹维溴胺治疗,疗程4周;采用国际通用的SF-36生存量表对患者治疗前后的生活质量进行评估。[结果]治疗后中药组SF-36量表的8个维度[生理功能（PF）、生理职能（RP）、躯体疼痛（BP）、总体健康（GH）、生命活力（VT）、社会功能（SF）、情感职能（RE）、精神健康（MH）]积分均得到了显著改善;其中治疗后中药组在SF维度改善优于西药组（P〈0．05）;随访后在BP、SF、RP、MH4个维度改善明显优于西药组（P〈0．01,〈0．05）。[结论]中医辨证治疗能够改善IBS-D患者近期的生活质量。     

成人特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者生活质量研究

目的:评价成人特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)对患者生活质量(QoL)的影响.方法:使用Medical Outcome Study SF-36 form(SF-36)中文版对中国医学科学院血液病医院236例成人ITP患者进行QoL调查.按照血小板计数,将患者分为3组[PLT<30×109/L;PLT(30～100)×109/L;PLT>100×109/L].SF-36的8个维度作为测量结果:躯体健康(PF);社会功能(SF);躯体角色功能(RP);躯体疼痛(BP);心理健康(MH);情绪角色功能(RE);精力(VT);总体健康(GH).结果:在8个维度ITP患者和正常人相比SF-36 QoL均降低.在PF、RP、BP、GH、SF和RE等6个维度中QoL得分差异有统计学意义.急性ITP患者在GH、VT和RE 3个维度与慢性患者相比QoL得分的差异有统计学意义.同时,在根据血小板计数分组的比较中,在PF、GH和SF 3个维度显示了明显的差别.年龄是除了SF以外其他所有维度的负性预测因子.当前血小板计数是BP,SF和GH的负性预测因子.而且治疗费用也影响了QoL得分.对出血的恐惧作为主观指标对QoL有明显的负面影响.结论:成人ITP患者的QoL明显降低,年龄、血小板计数和出血的恐惧对QoL有明显的负面影响.本研究为ITP的临床研究提供了基于询证的证据.     

从老年患者探讨阵发性室上性心动过速射频消融时机

目的对阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)射频消融(RFCA)治疗的时机进行探讨。方法回顾分析接受RFCA治疗,且年龄≥60岁的老年患者的临床资料。结果 36例PSVT患者,年龄68.72±5.78岁。除1例外,其余35例首次出现症状至入院行RFCA治疗的间隔131.23±131.98(1~564)个月。18例首次发病年龄<60岁,占总数的50%。36例中,10例因PSVT引发严重心血管事件而接受RFCA治疗,26例因PSVT明显影响生活质量而接受RFCA治疗。术后平均随访24.53±14.16个月,仅1例复发,RFCA治疗成功率为97.22%。术后随访期间,没有患者发生因PSVT而引发的心血管事件。结论 PSVT患者,特别是老年患者,应及早接受RFCA治疗。     

空巢老年糖尿病患者的生活质量及社会支持

目的 分析空巢糖尿病(DM)老年人生活质量及社会支持现状,为空巢老人社区护理相关政策的制定提供科学依据.方法 社区内随机抽取空巢老年人DM患者36例为DM组,另选取43名健康空巢老年人为对照组.采用健康调查量表(SF-36)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)进行评分.结果 生活质量评定项目中,DM组生理职能(RP),躯体疼痛(BP)、总体健康(GH)、活力(VT)、精神健康(MH)以及生活质量总评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);DM组社会支持评定各项目以及总评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05).社会支持项目中客观支持与生活质量项目中BP、GH、VT、社会功能(SF)和MH呈正相关(P<0.05);主观支持与BP、GH、情感职能(RE)和MH呈正相关(P<0.05);支持利用与VT和SF呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 空巢DM老年人生活质量及社会支持明显低于健康空巢老年人.     

射频消融治疗阵发性室上性心动过速观察

<正> 近年来射频导管消融(RFCA)根治阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)的技术已趋成熟并且较迅速地推广,我科自1997年以来共消融PSVT48例.现将初步结果介绍如下.1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料:48例行RFCA术患者,男性20例,女性28例,平均年龄41±14(18—72)岁,心动过速频率150—250bpm,持续时间最短3分钟,最长3天.其中     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.