序贯桥终末端与细小靶冠状动脉侧侧和端侧吻合的疗效对比

目的:评估不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术中,分别采用侧侧吻合与端侧吻合方式缝合大隐静脉序贯桥终末端与细小靶冠状动脉的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2012年10月至2013年4月,行不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术且终末靶冠状动脉细小的患者共89例。其中37例患者使用侧侧吻合术,即采用侧侧吻合方法缝合大隐静脉序贯桥终末端与靶冠状动脉;52例患者使用端侧吻合术,即将大隐静脉序贯桥终末端与靶冠状动脉进行端侧吻合。术中监测桥血管流量及搏动指数,术后6个月复查超声心动图、心电图等指标,以评估手术疗效。术后1年行双源CT冠状动脉造影检查,观察终末桥血管的通畅情况。结果:两组术中终末桥血管流量分别为[(17.32±6.18)vs.(14.15±5.09)mL/min,P0.05],搏动指数分别为[(2.50±1.08)vs.(3.47±0.74),P0.05]。两组患者在围术期内均无低心排出量综合征(低心排)、恶性心律失常及心肌梗死等不良事件发生。术后6个月复查超声心动图,提示两组患者心功能均较术前改善,但两组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后随访1年时侧侧吻合组患者均无心绞痛发作,端侧吻合组有9例患者再发心绞痛。双源CT冠状动脉造影提示:侧侧吻合组中终末桥血管均保持通畅,而端侧吻合组中8例患者的终末桥血管再狭窄(P0.05)。随访截至2014年1月底,平均随访时间为(10.7±2.5)个月,患者随访率为100%,存活率为100%。结论:采用侧侧吻合术缝合大隐静脉序贯桥终末端与细小靶冠状动脉,可改善终末桥血管的通畅性。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术序贯和单一静脉桥通畅率荟萃分析

目的:比较冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后序贯和单一大隐静脉桥通畅率。方法:检索PUBMED、EMBASE、The Cochrane Library及中国生物医学文献数据库。文献纳入标准:两组患者分别行序贯和单一大隐静脉CABG术;前瞻性或回顾性队列研究,须满足非随机研究方法组制定的队列研究特征;运用冠状动脉造影或超高速CT检查旁路移植术至少1个月以后桥血管通畅情况。文献纳入、数据提取和文献质量评定均由两名研究者独立完成。运用Rev Man5.0和Stata10.0软件进行数据处理,合并相对危险度(RR)作为分析统计量,95%可信区间(CI)为判断结果标准。结果:12篇文献纳入本研究。序贯桥梗阻风险低于单一桥(13.56%vs.19.18%,RR=0.67,95%CI:0.60~0.74);序贯桥中侧侧吻合梗阻风险低于端侧吻合(9.58%vs.14.07%,RR=0.52,95%CI:0.34~0.80);序贯桥和单一桥中端侧吻合梗阻风险,差异无统计学意义(14.07%vs.13.61%,RR=0.85,95%CI:0.68~1.06)。结论:CABG后大隐静脉序贯桥中长期通畅率优于单一桥,序贯桥中侧侧吻合口通畅率优于端侧吻合口,序贯桥和单一桥端侧吻合口通畅率无差别。     

大隐静脉顺行序贯式吻合法在非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用

目的 评价在非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中应用大隐静脉顺行序贯式吻合法的临床效果.方法 对75例冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者行非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术.左乳内动脉搭桥至前降支,其余各支靶血管以大隐静脉行序贯式搭桥,序贯吻合顺序原则上依次为对角支、回旋支（钝缘支）、左室后支、后降支.结果 全组病例均在非体外循环下完成手术.桥血管吻合数目共296个,平均（3.95±0.55）个/例.全组患者无死亡,无围术期心肌梗死.迟发性心包填塞1例,急性肾功能衰竭1例,上消化道大出血1例,均治愈.结论 非体外循环下采用＂顺行序贯式吻合技术＂行冠状动脉旁路移植手术,可减少主动脉吻合口,节约桥血管长度,并可最快恢复心脏供血,是一种快捷、安全的术式.     

冠状动脉旁路手术中动脉材料的选择与应用

目的 在冠状动脉旁路手术(CABG)中寻求动脉材料作旁路移植，减少因大隐静脉桥(SVG)阻塞对远期通畅率的影响。方法 34例冠心病患者以乳内动脉(IMA)和桡动脉(RA)作为血管桥行CABG，采用不接触血管技术制备动脉桥，应用药物防止动脉痉挛。结果 取乳内动脉35根，桡动脉20根，大隐静脉11根，平均移植血管1．94支，死亡1例，手术死亡率2．9％。结论 使用动脉材料行旁路移植术安全有效，预计能保持移植血管长期通畅。     

大隐静脉序贯式完全性冠状动脉血运重建远期随访

目的 回顾性研究早期冠状动脉搭桥接受2条序贯式大隐静脉行完全性冠状动脉血运重建患者的远期情况.方法 随访11例患者平均15年存活的情况和大隐静脉桥的改变情况.结果 无手术死亡,5年11例全部存活,10年10例存活,15年9例存话.3例冠状动脉造影2例4个吻合口和1例5个吻合口完全通畅,静脉桥形态良好,1例患者14年接受CTA检查,1条静脉桥因冠状动脉严重钙化而闭塞,另1条序贯式桥良好没有软斑块和钙化.结论 除影响静脉桥远期诸多因素以外,序贯式静脉桥伴高质量的吻合口也是桥远期开放的重要因素之一,应用静脉桥时要确保吻合口的质量.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术静脉移植物内膜增生的治疗策略

尽管冠状动脉旁路移植术中动脉桥血管被广泛使用且远期通畅率高,但大隐静脉移植物仍是冠状动脉旁路移植术使用最多的桥血管,而大隐静脉移植物术后10年通畅率大约60%。静脉移植物再狭窄的机制包括血栓形成、心内膜增生和粥样硬化等。防治静脉移植物再狭窄的方案包括药物治疗、基因治疗和血管外支架。现就上述治疗方案作一综述。     

微创经左胸小切口非体外循环单支、多支冠状动脉旁路移植术33例

目的 探讨左侧肋间小切口非体外循环单支、多支冠状动脉旁路移植术的安全性和可行性。方法 回顾性分析2014年5月~2019年10月左胸前外侧小切口非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术33例资料。单支病变17例,多支病变16例。左胸前外侧小切口6cm-10cm,直视下获取左乳内动脉(LIMA),完成LIMA-左前降支(LAD)吻合,升主动脉（Ao）-大隐静脉(SVG)序贯-对角支(D)或中间支（ICA）-钝缘支(OM)-后降支(PDA)或左室后支(PLV)共2~4支旁路移植血管吻合。结果 全组LIMA-LAD桥32例,Ao-SVG-LAD 1例。Ao-SVG-D 2例,Ao-SVG-OM 2例、Ao-SVG-OM-PDA 2例,Ao-SVG-ICA-PDA 3例,Ao-SVG-D-OM-PDA 4例,Ao-SVG-D-OM-PLV 3例。33例手术均顺利完成,围术期无死亡、心肌梗死、脑卒中、呼吸衰竭、肾功能衰竭、切口感染等并发症。术后呼吸机时间7h~18 h(9.14±3.82)h;ICU时间6h~20 h（12±8）h。术后住院5d~11d(8±3)d。出院时复查冠状动脉CT,33例均提示左乳内动脉桥、大隐静脉序贯桥通畅性良好。随访3个月~3年,平均8个月,无死亡、心绞痛和心肌梗死。30例复查冠状动脉, LIMA桥、SVG序贯桥通畅性良好。结论 左侧肋间小切口非体外循环下多支冠状动脉旁路移植术安全可行。     

序贯旁路移植同期行内膜剥脱在非体外循环冠脉搭桥术中的应用

目的:回顾性总结非体外循环下序贯旁路移植技术同期行内膜剥脱治疗严重弥漫性冠状动脉病变的临床疗效. 方法:52例冠心病患者接受非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术,桥血管吻合采用序贯旁路移植技术,并同期行内膜剥脱完善再血管化治疗.分析所有病例的围手术期临床资料,中期随访不良事件的发生率,冠状动脉CTA评价桥血管及吻合口的通畅程度. 结果:52例病例共接受移植物82支,平均搭桥(1.6±1.2)支.同期共行内膜剥脱61次,平均内膜剥脱(1.1±0.2)次/例.围手术期死亡3例(5.8％),心肌梗死3例(5.8％).出院后平均随访时间为(23±5)个月,累计发生死亡6例(11.5％),心肌梗死5例(9.6％),再次血运重建4例(7.7％).术后1年冠状动脉CTA提示所有吻合口通畅率为93.5％,内膜剥脱后吻合口通畅率略低于未接受内膜剥脱的吻合口(80.6％ vs.98.9％,P＜0.05). 结论:非体外循环下序贯旁路移植同期行冠状动脉内膜剥脱可安全、有效地实现冠状动脉完全再血管化,近中期效果满意,是治疗弥漫性冠状动脉病变的有效方法.     

右冠状动脉旁路移植策略及早期桥血管通畅率影响因素

目的:归纳右冠状动脉病变特点与旁路移植方式,探索影响右冠状动脉桥血管术中流量和术后早期通畅率的相关因素,为制定右冠状动脉旁路移植的策略提供依据。方法:回顾并筛选2017年8月至2019年6月在我院完成患多支血管复杂病变且行冠状动脉旁路移植术的冠心病患者,纳入其中靶血管包括右冠状动脉的患者241例,其中男性178例,女性63例,包含262支右冠状动脉区域桥血管。分析所有患者的临床基线资料、右冠状动脉造影病变特点、手术相关资料,统计不同旁路移植方式下右冠状动脉的特点,以及术中桥血管流量和术后早期桥血管通畅率的预测因素。结果:全组患者均干预右冠状动脉系统,241例患者以老年[(62.5±8.8)岁]、男性[178例(73.9%)]为主,其中合并高血压151例(62.7%)、NYHA心功能分级为Ⅰ/Ⅱ级55例(22.8%)。接受非体外循环旁路移植术153例(63.5%),平均靶血管数3.2个。右冠状动脉旁路移植部位选择的方式包括:单纯右冠状动脉主干旁路移植76例(31.5%),单纯后降支(PDA)旁路移植81例(33.6%),单纯左心室后支(PL)旁路移植15例(6.2%),PDA+PL旁路移植54例(22.4%),右冠状动脉主干+PDA旁路移植12例(5.0%),右冠状动脉主干+PL旁路移植3例(1.2%)。术后总体桥血管通畅率为96.2%。多重线性回归分析显示,靶血管吻合于右冠状动脉远端分支的桥血管流量预测值差于吻合于右冠状动脉主干(B=-11.126,P0.001),序贯吻合与非序贯吻合相比其桥血管流量显著提高(B=19.954,P0.001),而桡动脉桥是预测术后早期桥血管闭塞的独立危险因素(OR=21.973,95%CI:4.657～103.687,P0.001)。结论:移植于右冠状动脉主干和序贯吻合桥可能是提高桥血管流量的独立因素;而桡动脉桥是术后早期桥血管显影不佳的独立危险因素。     

双源CT冠状动脉血管造影和冠状动脉造影评价冠状动脉旁路移植术后桥血管通畅的效果

目的探讨双源CT冠状动脉血管造影和冠状动脉造影评价冠状动脉旁路移植术后桥血管通畅的效果。方法选取接受冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗的70例患者,均接受双源CT冠状动脉血管造影检查,并对其结果进行分析。25例患者在双源CT冠状动脉血管造影检查后2 w接受冠状动脉造影检查,评价双源CT冠状动脉血管造影的图像质量,并以冠状动脉造影检查结果为金标准,计算双源CT冠状动脉血管造影检查对冠状动脉旁路移植术后桥血管通畅的评价结果,分析双源CT冠状动脉血管造影检查与冠状动脉造影检查结果的一致性。结果 70例冠状动脉旁路移植术患者共搭建204支桥血管,包括65支动脉桥血管,139支静脉桥血管,动脉桥血管的通畅率明显高于静脉桥血管(P<0.05)。双源CT冠状动脉血管造影的图像质量优良率为94.29%,以冠状动脉造影检查结果为金标准,双源CT冠状动脉血管造影检查对冠状动脉旁路移植术后桥血管通畅评价的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为93.61%、96.00%、94.44%、97.78%、88.89%,其与冠状动脉造影检查结果之间的一致性良好。结论在冠状动脉旁路移植术后采用双源CT冠状动脉血管造影检查,可对其桥血管通畅情况予以清晰显示和准确评价,其评估效果较好。     

Acute anterior myocardial infarction due to aortosaphenous vein graft occlusion with very large thrombus burden

A 75-year-old man, with a previous history of myocardial infarction and three-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting, presented with an acute anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The vein graft to the left anterior descending artery was occluded with heavy thrombus burden, and the other grafts were patent. After administering a bolus dose of tirofiban and then undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention without stenting to the left anterior descending artery saphenous vein graft, intracoronary thrombolytic infusion was performed to maintain the patency of the vein graft. The patient was asymptomatic after medical follow-up. This may be an effective treatment option in patients with large thrombus burden and requires further investigation through large-scale trials.     

Elective Wiktor GX stenting for symptomatic stenosis in old aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts: the Antwerp experience

PURPOSE: We compared initial outcome, peri-procedural complications and long-term clinical follow-up of elective Wiktor GX stent implantation in severely narrowed vein grafts to a historic register of elective angioplasties in saphenous vein grafts in the same center. METHODS: Eighty-one consecutive patients with angina and a history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), all received elective angioplasty (PTCA) of the diseased graft; we described them as group P. The next 38 consecutive patients were treated with elective angioplasty and Wiktor Stent implantation, followed by one month ticlopidine; they were called group S. CONCLUSION: This retrospective study suggests that elective Wiktor stenting in old saphenous vein graft stenosis, in combination with one month ticlopidine, leads to: 1) a better angiographic result, with reduction of peri-procedural complications; and 2) a lower incidence of recurrent angina, need for invasive or surgical re-intervention, myocardial infarction and death during follow-up.     

Myocardial revascularization using both internal mammary arteries. Clinical results and surgical strategy

To improve the benefits from coronary artery grafting with internal mammary artery (IMA) several technical manoeuvres and methods have been developed to increase the number of coronary arteries and their branches that can be bypassed with internal mammary arteries. Between November 1985 and December 1986, 50 patients underwent a surgical myocardial revascularization procedure using both internal mammary arteries by single or sequential anastomoses and supplemental saphenous vein graft. In 42% of these patients complete revascularization was achieved employing only internal mammary artery grafts. One hundred and twenty-six internal mammary artery grafts (77% of the total coronary bypass performed), were placed. One patient developed perioperative myocardial infarction. Reparative surgery to control immediate post-operative bleeding was required in two patients. Post-operative coronary angiography performed in 30 patients showed all patent internal mammary artery grafts but one. No late deaths occurred. Mean follow-up of 10 months was complete in 50 patients, of whom 94% are symptom free. We conclude that bilateral internal mammary artery grafting can be performed with low operative risk and can provide excellent long-term functional improvement and survival employing only high patency arterial conduit. Moreover, it doesn't significantly increase surgical morbidity.     

Sequential internal mammary artery bypass for multiple coronary stenoses

Long-term studies (10 years) show a 50 per cent patency rate of saphenous vein autograft and 95 per cent patency rate of internal mammary artery coronary bypass grafts. In some situations (after saphenous vein stripping, varicose and fibrotic veins) it is not possible to use venous grafts and the internal mammary artery has to be used. However, the internal mammary artery is usually only used for revascularisation of the left anterior descending artery. Sequential internal mammary artery bypass is a technique which can be used for revascularizing the left anterior descending artery. Seven men aged 44 to 68 years (average 55 years) were operated between November 1983 and February 1985. These patients had clinically stable (4 cases) or instable (3 cases) angina. Two patients had previously undergone bilateral saphenous vein stripping and one patient a terminal anastomosis on the left anterior descending and a latero-lateral anastomosis on the diagonal artery. Three patients had an associated venous bypass graft and one patient also underwent aortic valve replacement. There were no cases of postoperative myocardial infarction. Five control angiographies were carried out during the first postoperative month. In 4 patients the internal mammary graft ant the latero-lateral and termino-lateral anastomoses were patent. In the other case, the latero-lateral anastomosis and the diagonal artery was occluded but the internal mammary graft and the termino-lateral anastomosis on the left anterior descending artery were patent. The average follow-up period is now 18 months: there have been no recurrences of chest pain or any ECG changes. These results show that internal mammary artery bypass grafting is a delicate procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting: ten years' experience

We evaluated the acute and long-term results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in 140 patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting treated over a 10-year period (1981–1991). Angioplasty was technically successful in 85% of 122 nonoccluded native vessels and in 86% of 50 saphenous vein grafts. Two patients (1.4%) had a myocardial infarction and there were three procedure-related deaths (2.1%). The cumulative probability of survival was 91.5% and 74.5% at 1 and 5 years, respectively. Survival free from myocardial infarction and repeat bypass grafting at 1 and 5 years was 77.3% and 53.9%, respectively. At census, 31% of the 117 survivors were asymptomatic, and 47% were improved by at least two angina grades. Coronary angioplasty provides an apparently safe and effective alternative method of revascularization in selected patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting. This treatment strategy potentially avoids reoperation with its attendant risks. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Significance of new Q waves after bypass grafting: correlations between graft patency, ventriculogram, and surgical venting technique.

New postoperative electrocardiographic Q waves have been described in eight of 40 per cent of patients undergoing bypass grafting for coronary artery disease. Various theories have been proposed to explain these new Q waves. Correlations of new Q waves to vein bypass occlusion, prolonged pump time or aortic cross-clamping time are controversial. Indeed, whether or not the appearance of new postoperative Q waves means real transmural myocardial infarction is not clear. We report herein our experience with postoperative Q waves in 56 patients with vein bypass grafts and the relationship of new Q waves to ventricular venting, graft patency, and the postoperative ventriculogram. Our observations indicate that: (1) Not all Q waves are due to occlusion of the saphenous bypass grafts (as noted by others). (2) A certain percentage of new Q waves may not reflect true transmural myocardial infarction, especially when all the vein grafts are patent and the postoperative ventriculograms show improvement. (3) Some new Q waves reflect true transmural infarction due to occlusion of grafts or of distal coronary arteries with deteriorated left ventriculograms. (4) The high incidence of new Q waves in patients with ventricular vents is probably due to direct myocardial trauma at the apex of the left ventricle.     

Progression from stenosis to occlusion in the proximal native coronary artery after coronary artery bypass grafting

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is an established treatment for multivessel coronary artery disease. However, problematic situations are occasionally encountered after CABG, such as disease progression in the native coronary artery with graft occlusion, which causes difficulty in revascularization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the native coronary artery after CABG. Between 2009 and 2012 in our institution, 351 patients underwent CABG, and 768 bypass grafts were anastomosed to non-occluded coronary arteries. Of these, 489 bypass grafts had available early postoperative angiographic results (≤6 months) suitable for assessment in this study. We defined malignant graft failure after CABG to be bypass graft occlusion and de novo complete occlusion of the target native coronary artery proximal to the graft anastomosis site. In the early angiographic results, 17 grafts were occluded (17/489; 3.5 %). Two of the grafts displayed malignant graft failure (a saphenous vein graft to the right coronary artery and a saphenous vein graft to the diagonal branch) (2 of 17 occluded grafts, and 2 of 489 studied grafts). Of the patent bypass grafts, 24 involved progression to occlusion in the proximal native coronary artery (19 saphenous vein grafts, 4 left internal thoracic artery grafts, and 1 right internal thoracic artery graft). Malignant graft failure was uncommon during short-term follow-up after CABG. At the same time, disease progression in the proximal native coronary artery from stenosis to occlusion following patent bypass grafting was relatively common, especially for vein grafts.