老年冠心病患者冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变介入治疗及预后分析

目的:探讨老年冠心病患者合并冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变(CTO)行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院经冠脉造影检查证实CTO并行PCI治疗的患者232例,按年龄分组,对比分析老年组108例,年龄≥60岁,平均(66.6±5.4)岁,中青年组124例,年龄60岁,平均(51.3±6.3)岁患者的临床特征、冠状动脉造影血管病变特点、闭塞血管开通率、围术期并发症及预后情况。结果:老年组患者冠心病家族史比例低于中青年组,与PCI相关的心肌梗死的发生率较中青年组高(P0.05)。但2组患者的闭塞病变血管支数及部位、平均造影剂用量、手术时间、应用导丝数量及球囊数量、支架植入数、闭塞病变开通率、随访术后心功能改善情况、主要不良心血管事件发生率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结果:老年冠心病患者合并CTO病变行介入治疗的手术成功率以及主要不良心血管事件发生率与中青年CTO患者比较无差异,但术后心功能明显改善。     

中青年冠心病患者危险因素、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗及特点

目的:探讨55岁以下中青年冠心病患者危险因素及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)特点。方法:根据患者的年龄分为中青年组(<55岁患者,212例)和老年组(>70岁患者,231例),比较2组间发病的危险因素、PCI治疗特点及术后并发症情况,评估2组间PCI治疗疗效。结果:中青年组冠心病患者中男性、有阳性家族史、吸烟史、大量饮酒史者明显多于老年组(P<0.01),高LDL、低HDL中青年患者亦多于老年组患者(P<0.05);老年组冠心病患者中原发性高血压检出率高于中青年组(P<0.05),糖尿病检出率也明显高于中青年组(P<0.01)。冠状动脉造影结果显示:中青年组患者冠状动脉血管病变以单支血管病变为主,且多为轻中度、局限性狭窄,3支血管病变及左主干病变者较少,严重、弥漫性及钙化血管病变亦不多见。双支血管病变2组差异无统计学意义。2组间支架置入情况相比,中青年组患者右冠状动脉支架置入数少于老年组,差异有统计学意义。2组患者手术成功率均较高(P>0.05)。结论:吸烟、大量饮酒、冠心病家族史是中青年冠心病发病的重要危险因素,高LDL、低HDL在中青年冠心病患者发病过程中亦起到重要作用。中青年冠心病患者冠状动脉以单支血管...     

冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变老年冠心病患者149例的临床和影像学资料:PCI治疗的有效性及安全性

目的分析发生冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(chronic total occlusion,CTO)病变的老年冠心病患者的临床和影像学资料,并探讨经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗对患者预后的影响。方法选取2013年2月至2015年11月在文山壮族苗族自治州人民医院接受治疗的346例CTO病变患者,根据年龄分为老年组(≥65周岁)149例和非老年组(65周岁)197例,收集患者的临床特征、冠状动脉造影、手术情况等资料,并通过3年随访记录患者的心血管事件再复发和死亡情况。结果老年组术前血肌酐浓度、吸烟患者比例、三支血管病变患者比例、血管迂曲或钙化患者比例明显高于非老年组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);PCI治疗开通成功的老年和非老年患者再发心绞痛、急性心肌梗死、心力衰竭以及再次血运重建等心血管事件的总发生率(11.42%、9.62%)明显低于PCI治疗开通不成功患者(29.55%、26.83%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PCI治疗后的老年和非老年患者心血管事件发生率与病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。合并左主干病变是老年冠状动脉CTO患者3年心血管死亡的危险因素(OR=3.196,95%CI:1.203～6.184,P0.05)。结论 PCI治疗可作为老年冠状动脉CTO病变较为安全、有效的治疗方案。合并左主干病变是老年冠状动脉CTO患者3年心血管死亡的危险因素。     

冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变的临床研究进展

<正>冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(chronic total occlusion,CTO)病变迄今是冠状动脉疾病(coronary artery disease)领域研究的重点和难点,更是冠心病介入治疗领域需要攻克的"堡垒"。循征医学数据显示,目前CTO病变介入治疗的平均病变成功率为75.1%(62%~85%),而随着医疗器械的发展和冠心病PCI水平的不断提高,CTO病变PCI成功率可达     

老年冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞患者的临床特征分析

目的 总结并探讨老年冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞（CTO）冠心病患者的临床、影像学和经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的特点。方法 入选1995年1月至2014年12月入住沈阳军区总医院心内科行PCI的CTO患者3 957例,其中老年组1452例（36.7%）。结果 老年组稳定型心绞痛比例低于非老年组,而不稳定型心绞痛患者比例高于非老年组,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。老年组高血压和心力衰竭比例高于非老年组,差异均具有统计学意义（均P＜0.001）。老年组冠心病监护病房CCU住院天数和总住院天数均高于非老年组（P＜0.001）。老年组多支血管病变比例,左主干CTO比例,绝对性、截然闭塞（刀切状）、长度≥15mm、直径≤2.5mm及桥侧支CTO比例均高于非老年组（P＜0.001）。老年组CTO靶血管成功率低于非老年组（P＜0.05）,完全血运重建比例也低于非老年组（P＜0.001）。结论 老年CTO病变患者具有不稳定型心绞痛、高血压、心力衰竭和多支病变所占比例偏高的特点,且病变程度复杂,增加了介入治疗的难度。     

老年冠状动脉闭塞病变的介入治疗

目的　评价老年冠心病 (CHD)患者冠状动脉闭塞病变经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)及经皮冠状动脉内支架置入术的安全性和有效性。　 方法 　回顾性分析我院 2 0 0 1年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月住院 40例冠脉闭塞病变CHD患者。老年组 2 8例 ,男性 ,年龄 60～ 91岁 ,平均 (68.96± 6.89)岁 ;非老年组 12例 ,男 11例 ,女 1例 ,年龄41～ 5 9岁 ,平均 (5 1.17± 5 .4)岁。经冠状动脉造影 (CAG)诊断冠状动脉闭塞病变 ,作冠状动脉介入 (PCI)治疗 ,分析其临床特点、手术成功率、手术并发症和手术疗效。　 结果 　血管病变情况 :老年组总病变血管 81支 ,其中全闭塞血管 3 3支 ,左前降支 (LAD) 2 5支、左回旋支 (LCX) 2 3支、右冠状动脉 (RCA) 2 6支、左主干 (LM) 1支、对角支 (Diag) 6支 ,作PTCA 3 9支 (其中全闭塞血管 12支 ) ,共置入支架 3 8个 ;非老年组总病变血管 2 9支 (其中全闭塞血管 12支 ) ,上述部位血管病变情况依次为 9、7、11、0、2支 ,作PTCA 17支 (其中全闭塞血管 12支 ) ,共置入支架 17个。　 结论　老年人冠状动脉闭塞病变行PCI是安全有效的治疗方法。急性心肌梗死 (AMI)闭塞血管病变直接PTCA比慢性闭塞血管病变PCI成功率更高     

PCI 在老年冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变中的应用及疗效

冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(CTO)是指冠状动脉造影血管狭窄程度为100%或几乎达100 %的病变,包括心肌梗死溶栓治疗(TIMI)血流0级或1级,前者称完全性闭塞,后者称功能性闭塞.CTO是老年人最常见的心血管病之一.由于老年冠心病(CHD)患者的冠状动脉病变多为多支、复杂病变,心肌顺应性差,且常并发高血压、糖尿病、脑血管疾病等,尽早进行血管重建对改善患者的生活质量及预后有着重要意义.近年来经皮冠状动脉支架介入术(PCI)治疗取得了飞速发展,PCI因创伤小、恢复快,为大多数老年患者所接受,但CTO仍是PCI治疗的难题,成功率相对较低,并发症发生率相对较高.本文通过比较PCI治疗与药物治疗CTO,发现PCI治疗对慢性闭塞病变患者远期预后明显有益.     

老年人多支冠状动脉病变的介入治疗

目的评估老年多支冠状动脉病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性对照分析沈阳军区总医院677例年龄≥60岁(老年组)和547例年龄<60岁(非老年组)接受PCI并获得完全血运重建的多支冠状动脉病变患者的临床资料、冠状动脉病变特点、手术成功率、并发症及近、远期临床随访结果。结果与非老年组比较,老年组女性、合并左主干病变、慢性闭塞病变、>20mm长病变、显著钙化病变和复杂病变(B2+C 型)患者的比例及平均植入支架数均较多。两组PCI手术成功率及手术并发症发生率无显著性差异。老年组住院期间主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生率(3．8％ vs 1.8％)及总死亡率(3．0％ vs 1．1％)均高于非老年组(P<0．05)。平均随访(11．9±3．8)个月,两组总随访率、造影复查再狭窄率、心绞痛复发率、随访患者MACE发生率及总死亡率均无显著性差异。结论老年组多支冠状动脉病变患者PCI后住院期间MACE发生率及总死亡率高于非老年组,但其 PCI成功率、手术并发症、长期临床疗效与非老年组患者相似,提示PCI是治疗老年多支冠状动脉病变安全、有效的方法。     

慢性闭塞病变患者冠脉介入治疗术后1年疗效分析

目的:通过冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变(CTO)患者冠脉介入治疗(PCI)经验总结探讨开通CTO对于患者临床症状、左室功能、存活率和生活质量的影响。方法: 选择于心内科病房住院接受冠脉造影、其中至少1支冠脉主支血管为CTO并接受PCI的患者,根据PCI手术是否成功分为成功组和失败组。应用正向导丝技术处理病变。出院后1年对患者进行随访。评价的终点事件包括死亡、心肌梗死、中风、再次PCI治疗和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)。对各项数据进行统计学分析。结果: 434名入选患者,CTO介入治疗成功316名,失败118名。PCI失败组患者既往接受PCI手术(P<0.01)或CABG术(P<0.01)显著高于PCI成功组,高龄和吸烟比例也显著高于PCI成功组。两组患者在高血压病、高血脂、陈旧心梗及糖尿病等病史和心功能方面没有显著差别。PCI失败组两支CTO病变以及多支血管病变比率均显著高于PCI成功组患者(均P<0.01)。术后1年两组患者在死亡、心梗、中风和再次PCI方面没有显著差异,失败组患者心绞痛发生率高(P<0.01),介入术后进行择期CABG手术比例高于成功组患者(P<0.01)。结论: 开通CTO可显著降低患者心绞痛和CABG手术率,而死亡、心梗、中风和再次PCI方面没有显著差异。     

药物洗脱支架在慢性完全闭塞病变中的应用现状

慢性完全闭塞（chronic total occlusion，CTO）病变是经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention，PCI）手术中最具挑战性的病变。在对CTO病变的探索中，人们发现对于那些闭塞血管支配的心肌尚有存活、血管供血区域较大、病变开通成功率高、风险性小的CTO病变，血运重建有助于带来相应的临床获益，如改善心功能、降低死亡率、减少心绞痛的发生等。     

Provisional T-stenting and kissing balloon in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions: results of the French multicenter "TULIPE" study.

BACKGROUND: In previous prospective studies, a strategy of (a) stenting of the main branch, (b) provisional T-stenting of the side branch, and (c) final kissing balloon inflation, was associated with high success and low target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates on the long-term. OBJECTIVES: To examine the performance of this strategy in a multicenter study. METHODS: Consecutive patients were treated at 14 French medical centers for de novo coronary bifurcation lesions with the same technique used. Immediate results and clinically-driven TLR at 7 months were examined. RESULTS: The mean reference diameters of the main and side branches were 3.2 +/- 0.6 mm and 2.4 +/- 0.5 mm, respectively. The side branch was stented in 34% of patients. A <30% residual stenosis in the main branch was achieved in 99%, <50% in the side branch in 90%, and both in 89% of procedures. The in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular event were a Q-wave and 5 non-Qwaves MI (0.54% and 2.7%). At 7 months of follow-up, 3 patients (1.76%) had died, 1 suffered a non-Q-wave MI (0.59%), and 28 (15.88%) underwent TLR. By multivariate analysis, a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (OR: 0.934), moderate calcifications (OR: 7.86), and non-use of the "jailed" wire technique (OR: 4.26) were associated with reinterventions during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy of provisional T-stenting with a tubular stent and final kissing balloon angioplasty for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions was safe and associated with a low TLR rate at 7 months. This strategy should be applicable to the new era of drug eluting stents.     

Grading the angiographic extent of collateral filling

Angiography frequently demonstrates a collateral circulation in severe coronary artery disease. An easily applicable method to quantify collateral flow might be a useful adjunct for the assessment of the hemodynamic effects of coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to validate a visual scaling of the extent of angiographic collateral filling by comparison with flowmeter- and microsphere-derived measurements of collateral flow. In 12 open-chest dogs, collaterals from the circumflex artery were angiographically visualized (n = 80) by creating acute critical left anterior descending artery occlusion. The extent of collateral filling was graded in four levels from 0 = no visible filling to 3 = complete epicardial filling. Collateral filling correlated with the change in flow of the collateral supplying circumflex artery (Q; r = 0.84) which was + 5.3 ±4.6% with grade 1, + 9.1 ±3.5% with grade 2 and + 14.6 ±4.7% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). In parallel, coronary flow reserve decreased from 4.1 ±0.8 with grade 0 to 2.9 ±0.2 with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Colored microspheres were injected subselectively into the circumflex artery of 9 dogs (45 injections). The ratio of microspheres counted in the collateralized myocardium of the left anterior descending artery to the total number injected increased from 0.6 ±0.9% for grade 0 to 17.1 ±2.8% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Absolute collateral flow derived from microsphere counts averaged 5.5 ±0.9 ml/min with grade 3 and closely correlated with collateral filling grade (r = 0.88). Semiquantitative grading of angiographic collateral filling in response to acute coronary occlusion in a canine model correlates with an increase in collateral source artery flow, absolute collateral flow and a decrease in source artery flow reserve. These data suggest that this scale might be a simple but useful adjunct tool to assess the hemodynamic significance of a collateral circulation.This work was supported by a grant from the NLHBI 1 R01 HL40865. Dr. Schuhlen is the recipient of a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (#Schu657/1-1 and 1–2).     

Embolization complicating coronary angioplasty in the presence of an intracoronary thrombus

Two cases of coronary occlusion and subsequent embolization during percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are described. Prior to PTCA, angiographic evidence of intracoronary thrombus was present. Abrupt reclosure after dilation was treated by successful redilation. However, coronary embolization of thrombus debris occurred downstream in one patient and into an adjacent coronary branch in the second patient.     

非罪犯冠脉斑块研究的进展

加强冠心病的二级预防是目前防控急性冠脉综合征（ACS）的重要手段。本文对ACS与非罪犯冠脉斑块的关系作了综述。     

Is short-stay coronary angioplasty safe?

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is usually performed as an inpatient procedure and the patients are monitored for several days afterward. Over a 13-month period, in 91 of 373 PTCA procedures, the clinical condition of the patient did not necessitate inpatient status before PTCA. PTCA was done the day of admission and discharge planned the following. Overall hospital stay was planned as less than 24 hours. PTCA was done in one vessel in 62 patients, two vessels in 24, three vessels in 3, and four vessels in 2 patients. PTCA was initially successful (less than 50% residual stenosis) in 85 patients (93%). In one of these, acute occlusion occurred the next morning and urgent bypass surgery was done. PTCA failed in 6 patients who left the catheterization laboratory with unchanged coronary anatomy. Bypass surgery was performed that day in 2 patients, on another admission in 1 patient, and medical therapy continued in the other 3 patients. Of the 88 patients not receiving same admission bypass surgery, 84 (95%) were discharged in less than 24 h. Hospitalization was prolonged (1-5 days) in 4 patients. This was because of nonobstructive dissection treated with heparin for approximately 24 h in 2 patients; a catheterization site hematoma in 1 patient, and post-PTCA noncardiac chest pain in another. No patient had inhospital myocardial infarction or death. The only late complication was in a patient treated with heparin and monitored for 2 days; 3 weeks later angina returned and he died suddenly. These data suggest PTCA can safely be done in selected patients with both single and multivessel disease in a short stay inhospital setting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

LAD-right ventricular fistula complicating PTCA: Another case

Coronary perforation caused by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) occurs rarely and most often leads to communication to the pericardial space. We report a case where PTCA caused a coronary artery rupture and fistulization to the right ventricular outflow tract. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 42:34–36, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Treatment of ruptured coronary aneurysm with a novel covered stent

Coronary artery aneurysms are relatively rare but have been diagnosed with increasing frequency since the advent of coronary arteriography. Their reported incidence varies from 1.5% to 5% with male dominance and a predilection for the right coronary artery (RCA), accounting for over 40% of all cases. The most common etiology amongst adults remains atherosclerosis accounting for 50% of coronary aneurysms. We describe the first use of a novel flexible pericardium covered stent for successful treatment of a ruptured coronary aneurysm in 76 year old lady. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Techniques for palmaz-schatz stent deployment in lesions with a large side branch

Palmaz-Schatz coronary stent implantation in lesions with a large side branch are reported. The first case describes how to manage plaque shifting after stent implantation. The second and third cases demonstrate a kissing balloon predilatation and stent dilatation technique of a bifurcational lesion. The final case demonstrates a stent implantation technique through the stent struts of a previously deployed stent.     

Angiographic demonstration of coronary sinus thrombosis: A potential consequence of trauma to the coronary sinus

Abnormalities of the coronary sinus are rarely encountered. A case is presented demonstrating for the first time the angiographic appearance of coronary sinus thrombosis. This may have been the result of surgical trauma during mitral valve replacement or inadvertent cannulation of the coronary sinus during right heart catheterization or pacemaker insertion. Although the clinical significance of coronary sinus thrombosis is uncertain, obstruction of coronary sinus blood flow should not be deleterious because of multiple anastomoses between the coronary sinus system and the anterior cardiac veins. Difficulty in cannulating the coronary sinus for physiologic studies should suggest the possibility of coronary sinus thrombosis, especially in patients who have undergone mitral valve replacement. This may be confirmed by observing the venous phase of selective left coronary arteriography. Finally, coronary sinus thrombosis may be important as a source of pulmonary emboli. The prevalence of this serious complication requires further study.     

Coronary arteriovenous-arterial fistula

A case of multiple arteriovenous fistulae is described in an adult with coronary artery disease. One of these fistulae drained into the anterior interventricular vein, which in turn communicated with and perfused an obstructed left anterior descending coronary artery.