并发中、重度三尖瓣返流的膜周型室间隔缺损行介入封堵的可行性

目的：研究介入封堵术对并发中、重度三尖瓣返流的膜周型室间隔缺损的治疗效果。方法：选取并发中、重度三尖瓣返流的膜周型室间隔缺损患者42例,三尖瓣返流的原因为右室局部心腔压力增高所致的高压血流直接冲击三尖瓣及其腱索而导致三尖瓣返流,其中行导管介入封堵20例（介入封堵组）,外科修补手术22例（外科手术组）。比较两组患者术后三尖瓣返流程度（三尖瓣返流长度、三尖瓣返流面积、三尖瓣返流容积、三尖瓣返流速度、三尖瓣返流压差）、手术成功率、并发症发生率、术后住院时间、住院总费用、手术时间、正性肌力药物评分、术后第24 h白细胞计数、C反应蛋白（CRP）、心肌损伤标志物（cTnI、CK MB、MYO）。结果：术后三尖瓣返流量较术前显著减少。两组手术方式后的三尖瓣返流程度无统计学差异。导管介入组在手术时间、术后血管活性药物、术后第24 h白细胞计数、CRP、心肌损伤标记物方面均优于外科手术组。在手术费用方面外科手术组略低于导管介入组。手术住院天数、并发症发生率两者无显著差异。结论：术前经过认真的超声评估,部分室间隔缺损并发三尖瓣中、重度返流的患者行介入治疗优于外科手术。     

膜周型室间隔缺损并发中、重度三尖瓣反流时行介入封堵的可行性分析

目的研究膜周型室间隔缺损并发中、重度三尖瓣反流时行介入封堵的治疗效果。方法入选膜周型室间隔缺损并发中、重度三尖瓣反流的患者43例(三尖瓣反流的原因均为右心室局部心腔压力增高所致),其中行导管介入封堵术组21例,外科修补手术组22例。术后三尖瓣反流程度(三尖瓣反流长度、三尖瓣反流面积、三尖瓣反流容积、三尖瓣反流速度、三尖瓣反流压差)、手术成功率、并发症发生率(严重并发症包括:心脏压塞、较大残余分流、开胸止血、恶性心律失常、封堵器移位、瓣膜损伤;次要并发症包括:一过性心律失常、切口愈合欠佳、心包积液、胸腔积液,心包切开综合征,无需处理的微量残余分流等)、术后住院时间(d)、住院总费用(万元)、手术时间(min)、正性肌力药物评分、术后第24小时白细胞计数、C反应蛋白(CRP)、心肌损伤标志物[血清心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌红蛋白(Myo)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)]。随访时间为术后3～12个月,平均10个月。结果 (1)43例并发中、重度三尖瓣反流的膜周型室间隔缺损治疗均一次成功,无死亡病例。术后三尖瓣反流量较术前显著减少,部分病例反流即刻消失。两组中,每组手术术前与术后三尖瓣反流程度的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组间术前与术后三尖瓣反流差值的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。介入封堵组在手术时间、术后血管活性药物、术后第24小时白细胞计数、CRP、心肌损伤标记物方面均优于外科修补手术组。在手术费用方面外科修补手术组略低于介入封堵组,但差异无统计学意义。手术住院天数两者差异无统计学意义。(2)外科修补手术组手术成功率100%,无严重并发症出现,次要并发症1例,为微量残余分流,无需处理。介入封堵组手术成功率100%,次要并发症1例,为主动脉瓣轻微反流,无需特别处理。(3)术后随访3～12个月,存活率为100%,均无并发症出现。结论术前经过认真的超声心动图评估,部分室间隔缺损并发三尖瓣中、重度反流的患者行介入治疗优于外科手术。     

室间隔缺损介入封堵326例经验总结及随访分析

目的 总结经皮导管室间隔缺损介入封堵术的临床经验,并对326例患者的中期随访结果进行回顾性分析.方法 326例室间隔缺损患者均经临床和经胸超声心动图（TTE）确诊,排除干下型室间隔缺损,采取经皮导管室间隔缺损介入封堵术,术后即刻左心室造影和经胸超声心动图检查观察疗效,术后1d、1个月、3个月、6个月、1年、2年、3年、4年、5年行经胸超声心动图、X线胸片和超声心动图检查随访观察.结果 经皮导管室间隔缺损介入封堵成功率为98.3％（320/326）,失败原因为室间隔缺损过大或过小、位置特殊、合并主动脉瓣脱垂及反流、损伤三尖瓣或主动脉瓣、房室传导阻滞等.术后并发症：1例术后1d封堵器移位,急诊心脏外科手术处理;2例8 kg患儿术后股动脉血栓形成,尿激酶溶栓后治愈;12例新出现三尖瓣轻度反流或原有三尖瓣反流增多;1例损伤主动脉瓣致中度反流,急诊外科手术处理;56例出现非阵发性交界性心动过速,经激素、人体白蛋白、营养心肌等治疗后恢复窦性心律;17例不完全性束支传导阻滞;5例完全性左束支传导阻滞.1例术后10个月出现二度Ⅱ型房室传导阻滞,治疗后恢复至二度Ⅰ型房室传导阻滞.1例术后8d出现脑出血,开颅发现脑血管畸形,外科处理后治愈.术后患者左心室舒张末内径、心胸比例较术前改善.结论 经皮导管室间隔缺损介入封堵术具有创伤小、并发症少、无需体外循环、成功率高等特点,值得推广,但应规范选择患者和长期随访.     

室间隔缺损介入封堵术后并发症的外科治疗

目的:总结分析室间隔缺损介入封堵术后并发症的发生情况及外科治疗的效果。方法:选择2016年5月至2019年12月因室间隔缺损介入封堵术后并发症就诊于我院并行外科手术治疗的患者14例,分析室间隔缺损介入封堵术后并发症的发生情况、手术方法的选择、手术结果及随访结果。结果:患者室间隔缺损介入封堵术后并发症的发生包括:瓣膜损伤9例(三尖瓣、主动脉瓣损伤分别有5例和6例,其中三尖瓣和主动脉瓣同时损伤2例),左心室流出道梗阻1例,心律失常6例(三度房室阻滞2例、完全性左束支阻滞4例),溶血1例。所有患者均于体外循环下行室间隔缺损封堵器取出术和室间隔缺损修补术;另外,5例患者行主动脉瓣成形术,1例行主动脉瓣置换术,9例行三尖瓣成形术,2例植入永久起搏器。术后重症监护室住院时间为19.00(13.00,46.75)h,呼吸机使用时间为6.00(3.00,9.25) h,总住院时间为7.00(6.00,9.50)d。术后中位随访18.00(7.75,38.00)个月,所有患者室间隔缺损无残余分流,无瓣膜功能不良,植入起搏器的患者起搏器功能良好。结论:室间隔缺损封堵术后需外科手术治疗的并发症较多样,应以预防为主,一旦出现需早期外科干预;外科干预效果良好。     

室间隔缺损封堵术对三尖瓣反流的影响

目的:探讨室间隔缺损封堵术后三尖瓣反流的变化.方法:入选2007-01-2009-12期间行室间隔缺损封堵术115例患者(合并膜部瘤69例,单纯膜部缺损41例,嵴下型3例,隔瓣下型2例),根据术前三尖瓣反流的程度及其是否伴有肺动脉高压,进行术前和术后3 d、1个月、3个月、6个月的三尖瓣反流的比较.结果:术前三尖瓣反流轻度[＜20%,(7.91±5.88)%]者,术后3 d、1个月、3个月、6个月的平均反流面积分别为(6.06±5.42)、(5.39±5.15)、(5.24±3.84)、( 5.33±3.37)%;术前三尖瓣反流中度[＞20%,(34.10±13.25)%]者,术后3 d、1个月、3个月、6个月的平均反流面积分别为(17.52±8.94)、(16.56±8.68)、(13.12±6.44)、(12.37±5.12)%;术后平均三尖瓣反流面积随着时间的延长均有不同程度的减轻.患者是否伴有肺动脉高压对三尖瓣反流无影响.结论:室间隔缺损封堵术后三尖瓣反流明显减轻.     

膜周部室间隔缺损合并三尖瓣中、重度反流行介入治疗的疗效分析

目的:探讨膜周部室间隔缺损(VSD)合并三尖瓣中、重度反流行介入治疗的可行性,并评价其疗效.方法:分析2016-01至2017-12我院膜周部VSD合并三尖瓣中、重度反流44例患者,通过应用超声心动图,观察VSD形态、三尖瓣反流程度及原因,评估VSD介入治疗效果及三尖瓣反流在介入术前、术后的变化.结果:43例患者介入治...     

导管介入或镶嵌治疗心尖部肌部室间隔缺损

目的探讨经导管介入或镶嵌治疗心尖部肌部室间隔缺损的治疗方法、疗效及随诊情况。方法选择2006年1月至2011年12月在广东省人民医院术前诊断为心尖部肌部室间隔缺损的患儿27例为研究对象,其中男18例,女9例,年龄1个月～13岁,中位年龄4.5岁。患儿分别经导管介入及镶嵌治疗,其中镶嵌治疗3例,经导管介入治疗24例。结果介入封堵组除1例因缺损小,未行治疗外,其他23例均介入治疗成功。室间隔缺损直径为(4.94±1.08)mm,选择6～10 mm肌部缺损封堵器,输送长鞘为6～9 F。镶嵌治疗组3例均成功治疗。随诊时间平均25个月。介入封堵组术后随诊有5例少量残余分流,2例中度三尖瓣反流。结论经导管介入治疗心尖部肌部室间隔缺损的疗效确切,应尽量减少三尖瓣的并发症。年龄小于1岁及体质量小于5 kg的婴儿,可考虑采用镶嵌治疗方法。     

小儿先天性心脏病室间隔缺损经导管介入治疗与外科手术治疗的对比分析

目的比较经导管介入治疗与外科手术治疗小儿先天性心脏病室间隔缺损的临床疗效。方法从2016年1月至2019年10月阶段在我院治疗的小儿先天性心脏病室间隔缺损患儿中选取80例,采取随机分组法将其分为介入组和外科组,每组40例。外科组患儿采取外科开胸手术进行治疗,介入组患儿采取经导管介入治疗。结果介入组患儿的手术成功率,与外科组患儿相当,比较差异没有统计学意义(P0.05);介入组患儿的手术时间显着短于外科组,术中输血量显着少于外科组,术后机械通气时间、术后ICU住院时间、总住院时间均显着短于外科组,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。介入组患儿的心律失常发生率和新发瓣膜反流发生率,均显着低于外科组,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经导管介入治疗能够获得与外科手术治疗相当的治疗效果,且并发症发生率更低,术后康复更快,具有显着的应用优势。     

外科手术治疗先天性心脏病介入封堵术后并发症-附10例分析

目的:总结外科开胸手术方法治疗介入封堵动脉导管未闭(PDA)、房间隔缺损(ASD)和室间隔缺损(VSD)术后并发症。方法:对1995年至2010年10例PDA、ASD、VSD采用介入封堵后出现并发症而进行外科手术治疗的病例进行回顾性分析。其中严重主动脉瓣反流、三尖瓣反流各1例,Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞2例,封堵器移位5例,介入装置释放困难1例。10例患者均采用全麻体外循环下心脏直视手术,取出堵闭器、矫治心脏畸形。结果:10例患者均成功取出堵闭器,心脏畸形矫治满意,外科手术中开放升主动脉全部自动复跳,顺利脱机。10例患者中9例术后恢复良好,1例因肾功能衰竭及多脏器功能衰竭死亡。结论:PDA、ASD及VSD介入封堵治疗创伤小,术后恢复快,疗效肯定,但也存在一定的手术风险和出现严重并发症的可能。及时地行外科手术可以避免病情恶化、矫治心脏畸形,术后心功能恢复良好。     

室间隔缺损介入治疗后并发三尖瓣返流原因的探讨

目的探讨经导管介入治疗室间隔缺损（VSD）发生三尖瓣返流的原因和预防措施。方法VSD封堵术后发生三尖瓣返流13（男7,女6）例,年龄3～12（平均5.0±2.7）岁。膜周部VSD伴膜部瘤患者11例,单纯膜周部VSD2例。其中囊袋型缺损10例,漏斗型缺损3例,VSD左室面直径为4～14（7.3±2.3）mm。结果13例患者,左心室造影测量VSD直径为4～15（7.5±2.4）mm,VSD距三尖瓣距离2.0～3.4（2.6±0.5）mm。囊袋型缺损右室面均有多个出口,其最大出口直径2～6mm。术后即刻9例有三尖瓣少量返流,1例三尖瓣少～中量返流。1例三尖瓣少量返流伴有海鸥鸣,术后24h海鸥鸣消失,3d三尖瓣已无返流。1例5岁患儿,其三尖瓣前腱索附着异常（在缺损口附近）,术后24h无三尖瓣返流,5d超声心动图发现三尖瓣前瓣腱索断裂伴中～大量返流。1例VSD直径15mm、右室面多孔、最大孔直径6mm的患者,放置了16mm封堵器,术后即刻、7d、1月无三尖瓣返流,3月新出现三尖瓣少～中量返流。结论VSD封堵治疗后发生的三尖瓣返流可能与导管损伤隔瓣腱索、输送钢丝损伤腱索、封堵器磨损腱索及封堵器本身的设计缺陷有关,应引起临床医生的高度重视     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.