MicroRNA-196a靶向调节HDAC9对MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化的影响

目的 探究微小RNA（miR）-196a靶向调节组蛋白去乙酰化酶9（HDAC9）对MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化的影响。方法 将MC3T3-E1细胞分为对照组（Cont）组、诱导组、miR-196a-mimics-NC组、miR-196a-mimics组、miR-196a-inhibitor-NC组、miR-196a-inhibitor组、miR-196a-mimics+pCMV-HDAC9-NC组、miR-196a-mimics+pCMV-HDAC9组,根据分组转染后进行成骨诱导。定量荧光PCR检测MC3T3-E1细胞中miR-196a、HDAC9表达量;试剂盒检测碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性;茜素红染色观察矿化程度;Western blot检测HDAC9、ALP、Runt相关转录因子2（Runx2）、胶原蛋白I（COL1）、骨桥蛋白（OPN）、Histone H3、Histone H3（acetyl K9、K14和K23）表达量。结果 与Cont组相比,诱导组MC3T3-E1细胞中miR-196a表达、ALP、Runx2、COL1、OPN蛋白表达、ALP活性、矿化程度及Histone H3 K9、K14、K23位点乙酰化水平增高（P＜0.05）,HDAC9 mRNA和蛋白表达降低（P＜0.05）。转染miR-196a-mimics可明显增加miR-196a表达,降低HDAC9表达,并增加ALP、Runx2、COL1、OPN蛋白表达、ALP活性、矿化程度及Histone H3乙酰化,转染miR-196a-inhibitor则作用相反。miR-196a可靶向下调HDAC9表达,过表达HDAC9可部分逆转miR-196a mimics对MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化的促进效应。结论 miR-196a可靶向下调HDAC9表达,增加组蛋白乙酰化水平,促进MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化。     

miR-137靶向作用RUNX2调控MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化

目的探讨miR-137对RUNX2的靶向作用及其对MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化的影响。方法通过软件预测miR-137与成骨标志基因RUNX2的结合位点。检测MC3T3-E1细胞诱导成骨分化过程中miR-137的表达变化。转染miR-137 mimics或miR-137 inhibitor后,再诱导MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化,检测成骨分化标志物(RUNX2、ALP、OPN、OCN及OSX)表达变化。结果经软件预测,miR-137与靶基因RUNX2有结合位点。MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化过程中,miR-137表达下调。转染miR-137mimics的MC3T3-E1细胞成骨标志基因表达受到抑制,而转染miR-137 inhibitor组成骨标志基因呈不同程度表达上调。结论miR-137通过靶向作用RUNX2基因调控MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化。     

miR-135b靶向GSK3B抑制地塞米松诱导成骨细胞凋亡

目的探究miR-135b靶向糖原合成酶激酶3B(glycogen synthase kinase 3B,GSK3B)对地塞米松诱导的成骨细胞(MC3T3-E1)凋亡的影响。方法 CCK8检测地塞米松对MC3T3-E1细胞活力的影响,筛选最适地塞米松浓度进行后续实验。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,RT-qPCR检测miR-135b和GSK3B表达,荧光素酶报告实验验证miR-135b和GSK3B靶向作用关系。细胞实验分为对照组(Control)、地塞米松组(Dex)、阴性对照mimics组(mimics NC)、miR-135b组、miR-135b+糖原合成酶激酶3B组(miR-135b+pc-GSK3B)。蛋白印迹检测蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,Dex组细胞凋亡增加,并且miR-135b表达下降,GSK3B表达升高,荧光素酶报告实验显示,miR-135b和GSK3B存在靶向作用关系。与Dex组比较,miR-135b组细胞凋亡减少,同时GSK3B、Bax、cleaved caspase-3和cleaved caspase-9蛋白水平下降,Bcl-2蛋白水平升高,与miR-135b组比较,miR-135b+pc-GSK3B组细胞凋亡增加,同时GSK3B、Bax、cleaved caspase-3和cleaved caspase-9蛋白水平升高,Bcl-2蛋白水平降低。结论 miR-135b可通过靶向作用于GSK3B,抑制地塞米松诱导的成骨细胞凋亡,这一作用与其对Bax/Bcl-2表达和caspase-3/9活化的调控有关。     

17β-E2介导GPR30/AMPK/mTOR通路调节MC3T3-E1成骨细胞线粒体自噬的作用机制研究

目的阐明17β-E2介导GPR30/AMPK/m TOR通路调节MC3T3-E1成骨细胞线粒体自噬的具体作用机制。方法体外培养小鼠MC3T3-E1成骨细胞,使用不同浓度的17β-E2处理细胞,并按照分组选择性应用G15(GPR30抑制剂)或Compound C(AMPK抑制剂)。使用实时定量PCR技术与Western blot方法分别检测MC3T3-E1细胞内GPR30 mRNA与蛋白的表达水平;使用免疫荧光检测技术进一步观察GPR30在MC3T3-E1细胞中的表达及定位情况;应用Western blot方法检测线粒体自噬相关蛋白LC3、Tom20、Hsp60以及信号通路蛋白AMPK、m TOR的表达水平;应用透射电子显微镜观察成骨细胞中线粒体自噬小体的形成情况。结果 (1)GPR30在MC3T3-E1细胞中存在内源性表达,17β-E2能提高MC3T3-E1细胞中GPR30的mRNA与蛋白表达水平,当雌二醇浓度为10-7mol/L时促进作用最强。GPR30特异性抑制剂G15可以阻断17β-E2对GPR30蛋白表达的促进作用。(2)17β-E2能提高MC3T3-E1细胞内线粒体自噬相关蛋白LC3、Tom20、Hsp60的表达水平,GPR30特异性抑制剂G15可以阻断17β-E2对线粒体自噬相关蛋白表达的促进作用。(3)透射电子显微镜观察结果显示,17β-E2能促进MC3T3-E1细胞中线粒体自噬小体的生成。(4)17β-E2能增加MC3T3-E1细胞中信号通路AMPK蛋白的磷酸化水平,并降低信号通路下游分子m TOR蛋白的磷酸化水平,给予AMPK抑制剂Compound C后,信号通路AMPK蛋白的磷酸化水平降低。结论 17β-E2能够促进MC3T3-E1成骨细胞内GPR30的表达,并且能通过作用于GPR30来激活细胞内AMPK/m TOR信号通路,诱导MC3T3-E1成骨细胞发生线粒体自噬。     

健骨胶囊对成骨样细胞MC3T3-E1增殖及分化作用机制

目的 探讨国医大师刘柏龄“健骨胶囊”对MC3T3-E1成骨细胞分化及增殖的影响。方法 制备健骨胶囊水提物,采用CCK-8法和细胞迁移实验检测健骨胶囊提取物对MC3T3-E1细胞增殖和细胞迁移的影响;茜素红染色检测MC3T3-E1细胞的矿化能力;实时荧光定量PCR检测成骨分化基因Runx2、OCN、OPN、Col1a1、ALP、Bcl2、RASSF1A等mRNA表达水平;蛋白质印迹法Western blot检测Col1a1、Bcl2的蛋白表达水平。结果 通过实验结果比对得出,健骨胶囊提取物能促进MC3T3-E1细胞增殖、使细胞迁移率提高;同时健骨胶囊提取物组能明显提高MC3T3-E1细胞钙化能力(P＜0.01),促进Runx2、OCN、OPN、Col1a1、ALP、Bcl2的mRNA表达(P＜0.05),上调Col1a1、Bcl2蛋白量的表达。结论 健骨胶囊能促进成骨细胞MC3T3-E1的增殖及细胞迁移能力,并通过上调成骨基因的表达水平如Runx2、OCN、OPN、Col1a1、ALP、Bcl2等,提高MC3T3-E1细胞的成骨能力。     

痩素对小鼠成骨细胞MC3T3-E1增殖及OPG/RANKL mRNA表达的影响

目的初步探讨瘦素对小鼠成骨细胞MC3T3-E1细胞增殖及骨保护蛋白、核因子κB激活受体配体mRNA表达的影响。方法以小鼠成骨细胞MC3T3-E1为体外实验模型,用MTT法检测瘦素作用MC3T3-E1细胞后的增殖情况,RT-PCR方法检测OPG、RANKL mRNA表达。结果瘦素（10、20、40、80和160ng.mL-1）作用于MC3T3-E1细胞24h后,可促进其增殖,OD值显著增加（P〈0.01）,增加骨保护蛋白mRNA表达,同时降低核因子κB激活受体配体mRNA表达,且呈浓度依赖性。结论瘦素促进MC3T3-E1细胞增殖,同时通过调节骨保护蛋白mRNA和核因子κB激活受体配体mRNA的表达,从而促进骨形成,抑制骨吸收。     

miR-381-3p通过靶向ERK1/2/ETS1信号通路影响MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化

目的 探讨miR-381-3p对MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化的影响和作用机制。方法 慢病毒转染细胞后实验分为NC mimic miR-381-3p组、mimic miR-381-3p组、NC inhibitor miR-381-3p组和inhibitor miR-381-3p组;运用实时荧光定量PCR(qR T-PCR)法检测不同组miR-381-3p的表达水平以验证转染效率;诱导MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化后,检测各组细胞中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性水平;茜素红染色法检测各组细胞的成骨矿化能力; qR T-PCR测定各组细胞中ALP、Runx2、PPARγ和ETS1 mR NA表达水平;蛋白免疫印迹法测定各组细胞中collagenⅠ、ALP、Runx2、PPARγ、ETS1、P-ERK1/2水平;并用MAPK/ERK通路抑制剂(PD98059)干预各组细胞后进行目的蛋白检测。结果 与NC mimic miR-381-3p组、mimic miR-381-3p组及NC inhibitor miR-381-3p组比较,inhibitor miR-381-3p组中细胞中ALP、Runx2、ET...     

基底拉伸应变对小鼠成骨细胞Runx2表达的影响

目的研究基底拉伸应变对小鼠成骨细胞系MC3T3-E1细胞Runx2表达的影响。方法实验随机分为0με、1000με、1500με、2000με、2500με、5000με六组,采用卫生装备研究所自行研制的细胞基底应变加载装置对细胞进行加载,Western blot检测不同应变对成骨细胞Runx2蛋白表达的影响。此外采用Real-time PCR检测0με、2500με、5000με三种强度应变对成骨细胞Runx2 mRNA表达的影响。结果 Western blot结果显示:1500με、2000με、2500με组与0με组相比Runx2蛋白表达显著增强(P<0.01);5000με组与0με组相比Runx2蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.01);Real-timePCR结果显示:2500με组与0με组相比Runx2 mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.01);5000με组与0με组相比Runx2 mRNA表达显著增加(P<0.01)。结论①生理强度的拉伸应变可显著增加MC3T3-E1细胞Runx2蛋白的表达,并且呈剂量依赖性,超生理强度5000με显著降低Runx2蛋白表达。②同样强度的拉伸应变刺激下,Runx2基因表达与蛋白表达并不一致。     

芍药苷促进小鼠成骨分化抗骨质疏松作用的实验研究

目的 探讨芍药苷对MC3T3-E1成骨细胞分化以及小鼠骨质疏松模型的影响。 方法 体外细胞实验分为对照组、不同剂量芍药苷干预组。通过CCK-8法检测芍药苷对MC3T3-E1成骨细胞活力的影响;采用碱性磷酸酶（ALP）染色以及活性检测芍药苷促进MC3T3-E1成骨分化能力;通过茜素红染色检测芍药苷促矿化能力;运用荧光定量PCR、Western blot检测Runx2、OPG、RANKL、Col1α1的mRNA以及蛋白表达情况。选取8周龄C57BL/6小鼠24只,分为假手术组、骨质疏松模型组、药物干预组。选取各小鼠左侧股骨远端以及胫骨近端的区域进行苏木素-伊红（HE）染色、Runx2免疫组织化学以及micro-CT扫描。 结果 中、高剂量芍药苷干预组可以促进MC3T3-E1细胞ALP的活性（P<0.05）;高剂量芍药苷能够促进MC3T3-E1细胞的矿化能力（P<0.01）;同时中、高剂量能够促进OPG、Runx2蛋白的表达（P<0.05）,抑制RANKL的表达（P<0.05）。与假手术组比较,OVX组骨微结构破坏明显,Runx2蛋白表达显著减少（P<0.01）;芍药苷干预后骨质疏松模型小鼠骨小梁数量以及厚度显著增加（P<0.01）,骨小梁间隔减少明显（P<0.01）,Runx2蛋白提升明显（P<0.01）。 结论 芍药苷能够促进成骨细胞的分化,上调成骨分化基因,改善骨质疏松模型小鼠的骨微结构,具有抗骨质疏松治疗的潜在价值。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.