婴儿培养箱备用及使用时间的内环境污染相关性调查

婴儿培养箱主要用于早产儿、病弱婴儿,在抢救治疗中起着非常重要的作用,然而,婴儿培养箱备用和使用时间没有明确规定,使用中存在随意性.为了解不同环境下、不同时间段培养箱内环境污染状况,我们对婴儿培养箱备用及使用时间的内环境污染相关性进行调查,为规范管理提供数据支持.     

婴儿培育箱的质量控制管理及预防性维护

婴儿培育箱在新生儿及早产儿的治疗与护理中起着重要作用,被广泛用于各级医院的产科、新生儿科等科室。婴儿培育箱可为新生儿及早产儿提供适宜的温度、湿度环境,有效促进其生长发育和康复。婴儿培育箱的使用对象多为自身调节能力很弱的低体重儿、早产儿、高危病弱产儿等,因此婴儿培养箱的使用安全及质量控制直接影响使用者的生命安全。该研究介绍了婴儿培育箱的结构原理,以及临床管理中婴儿培育箱安全质量管理及预防性维护工作内容,为婴儿培养箱的安全使用提供参考。     

婴儿培养箱

婴儿培养箱能为体重太轻的新生儿提供一个有利健康生长的卫生环境，箱内的温度和湿度能得到精确的控制。婴儿培养箱特别适用于那些神经系统没有发育成熟、还缺乏自我调节体温能力的早产儿。置人培养箱的婴儿能够更快地成长，因为可以有更多的能量用于生长、而不必用于保持正常体温。     

宁波戴维TI-2000运输用培养箱定期保养与故障分析

婴儿运输用培养箱是专为早产儿或发育不良的新生儿开发研制的一种恒温设备，它必须是一个既能为婴儿提供空气清洁、温度稳定、湿度适宜、环境安静的治疗环境，同时又便于医护人员的观察、护理和治疗的装置。婴儿培养箱目前已普遍应用于综合性医院、妇幼保健院、儿童医院等，运输用培养箱适用于短距离内对早产儿的转运，     

婴儿培养箱低温报警和双加热电路

为了抢救和治疗患病的新生儿、早产儿,针对早产儿和发育不良新生儿的特点,临床上使用婴儿培养箱作为对婴儿进行护理与治疗的特殊场所。为了克服现有婴儿培养箱存在的不足,在现有的婴儿培养箱的基础上,增设低温报警电路和一组加热器作为副加热器,作为备用加热器。当箱内出现低温时,低温继电器工作,副加热器和低温报警器得电工作,产生加热和报警。     

婴儿培养箱的基本原理及安全使用

婴儿培养箱是为早产儿、低体重儿、病危儿、新生儿提供一个类似母体子宫的培养环境的设备，也可用于婴儿体温复苏、输液、抢救、住院观察等场合。由于婴儿自身的抵抗能力十分微弱，这就要求培养箱具有稳定的性能，能为婴儿提供一个更加趋近于母体子宫的环境，就更有利于婴儿的健康。医护人员了解其基本工作原理才能正确的操作使用，仪器效能才能得到更大的发挥。     

基于T/CAME37-2021团体标准的婴儿培养箱运行性能参数实时监测

目的:依据国家卫生部关于《婴儿培养箱温度和湿度实时监测系统技术要求》(T/CAME37-2021)团体标准,研制婴儿培养箱温度和相对湿度实时监测系统,对婴儿培养箱运行性能参数实时监测与分析,提升婴儿培养箱使用的安全管理.方法:软件设计从采集→显示→传输→展示及分析整个过程的功能出发,将感知层、传输层和应用层3层功能串联...     

暖箱温度网络安全监控系统的研制

目的：研制一种用于监控婴儿暖箱温度的网络安全系统。方法：利用具有专利技术的TAV温度监控系统,将温控设备的运行状态用数字的方式记录下来,然后进行动态分析管理,可实时网络报警。结果：该系统是独立于婴儿暖箱之外的一种安全装置,能很好地监控婴儿暖箱的温度。结论：该系统不会影响婴儿暖箱原有的功能,对进口或国产暖箱起到良好的监控作用,提高了设备使用的安全性,降低了医疗事故的发生率。     

聚维酮碘溶液作为早产儿培养箱湿化液的临床调查

早产儿培养箱,因其温度、湿度适宜细菌的生长繁殖,容易被污染。早产儿免疫功能低下,对外界环境适应能力差,易发生感染。早产儿培养箱湿化液若被污染,将直接影响早产儿的健康。为减少医院感染发生,本试验改革传统的做法,应用不同浓度聚维酮碘溶液为早产儿培养箱湿化液,对其进行调查分析。1资料与方法     

婴儿培养箱基本性能研究与改进

婴儿培养箱是一种初生婴儿保育的设备,它的特点是为早产儿和低体重儿提供一个稳定温度与湿度的场所,为保证其安全增加一些保护措施,如报警电路,但设计和实际使用中有一些差距,通过多年的临床使用与维修体会,对现行的婴儿培养箱基本性能进行研究,并对不足之处进行必要性的改进。其中三项现已获国家实用新型专利。     

Establishing Postnatal Growth Monitoring Curves of Preterm Infants in China: Allowing for Continuous Use from 24 Weeks of Preterm Birth to 50 Weeks

Background: Early postnatal growth monitoring and nutrition assessment for preterm infants is a public health and clinical concern. We aimed to establish a set of postnatal growth monitoring curves of preterm infants to better help clinicians make in-hospital and post-discharge nutrition plan of these vulnerable infants. Methods: We collected weight, length and head circumference data from a nationwide survey in China between 2015 and 2018. Polynomial regression and the modified LMS methods were employed to construct the smoothed weight, length and head circumference growth curves. Results: We established the P₃, P₁₀, P₂₅, P₅₀, P₇₅, P₉₀, P₉₇ reference curves of weight, length and head circumference that allowed for continuous use from 24 weeks of preterm birth to 50 weeks and developed a set of user-friendly growth monitoring charts. We estimated approximate ranges of weight gain per day and length and head circumference gains per week. Conclusions: Our established growth monitoring curves, which can be used continuously without correcting gestational age from 24 weeks of preterm birth to 50 weeks, may be useful for assessment of postnatal growth trajectories, definition of intrauterine growth retardation at birth, and classification of early nutrition status for preterm infants.     

填埋场运行监测系统的设计及监测方法介绍

填埋场监测系统包括地下水监测,地下水排水系统水位监测,沥滤液水位监测,沥滤液贮水池监测,渗漏液监测,气体监测,土壤监测和最终覆盖层的稳定性监测8个部分.文中分别叙述了地下水监测的取样点的布设,监测井的设计与取样频率,地下水排水系统水位监测的监测井的设计与取样频率,沥滤液水位监测的监测井的设计,沥滤液贮水池监测的监测频率和监测因子,渗漏液监测的监测器,气体监测的探测管的设计及安装,土壤监测的布点采样以及对最终覆盖层稳定性监测的监测方法.     

婴儿培养箱中央监测系统研制

目的设计一套可以对婴儿培养箱实时状态进行无线监测的系统。方法利用短距离无线通信技术为载体,采用STC89C52为控制核心,实现从机和主机之间的信息传递。结果实现了各个培养箱的温度信息能实时准确地传达到放置在护理站的主机系统。结论经仿真测试,该系统基本满足了设计要求,其设计思想可以为其他医疗设备的监测提供理论参考。     

Investigating Preterm Care at the Facility Level: Stakeholder Qualitative Study in Central and Southern Malawi

Objectives Malawi is estimated to have one of the highest preterm birth rates in the world. However, care of preterm infants at facility level in Malawi has not been explored. We aimed to explore the views of health stakeholders about the care of preterm infants in health facilities and the existence of any policy protocol documents guiding the delivery of care to these infants. Methods We conducted 16 in-depth interviews with health stakeholders (11 service providers and 5 policy makers) using an interview guide and asked for any existing policy protocol documents guiding care for preterm infants in the health facilities in Malawi. The collected documents were reviewed and all the interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and translated. All data were analysed using content analysis approach. Results We identified four policy protocol documents and out of these, one had detailed information explaining the care of preterm infants. Policy makers reported that policy protocol documents to guide care for preterm infants were available in the health facilities but majority (63.6 %) of the service providers lacked knowledge about the existence of these documents. Health stakeholders reported several challenges in caring for preterm infants including lack of trained staff in preterm infant care, antibiotics, space, supervision and poor referral system. Conclusions Our study highlights that improving health care service provider knowledge of preterm infant care is an integral part in preterm child birth. Our findings suggests that policy makers and health decision makers should retain those trained in preterm new born care in the health facility’s preterm unit.     

大型医疗装备动态监控系统的评价研究

目的：研究高效、合理和结构清晰的大型医疗装备动态监测系统的应用评价,使之具有良好的操作性和使用性,提高其运行效率和管理水平。方法：使用客户端和服务器（C/S）设计模式,将系统分为服务器和客户端两个层次,服务器收集、监测设备运行状态,存储任务流信息;客户端显示设备状态和输出任务流结果。结果：使用C/S模式开发的大型医疗装备动态监测系统运行高效,实现了医疗装备的动态高效管理。结论：设计大型医疗装备动态监测管理系统,以提升大型医院乃至集团医院医疗装备的运行效率和设备管理水平。     

新生儿重症监护室出院早产儿1 143例0~24月龄生长状况分析

目的 描述和分析NICU出院早产儿0~24月龄生长状况,为开展早产儿生长监测和营养管理提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月-2017年12月在上海市儿童医院NICU住院、出院后在本院早产儿随访门诊接受系统管理的早产儿体格随访数据,了解不同性别、出生胎龄早产儿0~24月龄身长和体重增长情况。结果 共纳入早产儿1 143例,构成以极早和早期早产儿占比最多,两者合计占36.8%,中期早产儿占29.6%,晚期早产儿占33.6%。早产儿平均出生胎龄(32.2±2.4)周,男、女童出生胎龄构成差异无统计学意义(χ²=2.048,P=0.562)。校正0月龄时,各组早产儿平均身高、体重超过足月儿;校正足月后整体追赶生长良好,但身高、体重始终低于足月儿均值;各组早产儿的追赶生长趋势,以早期早产男童组最不理想。 结论 NICU出院早产儿可实现良好追赶生长,需重点关注早期早产男童;对早产儿开展出院后系统管理有助于适宜追赶。     

Effects of employment and education on preterm and full-term infant mortality in Korea

Objectives

The infant mortality rate is a sensitive and commonly used indicator of the socio-economic status of a population. Generally, studies investigating the relationship between infant mortality and socio-economic status have focused on full-term infants in Western populations. This study examined the effects of education level and employment status on full-term and preterm infant mortality in Korea. Data were collected from the National Birth Registration Database and merged with data from the National Death Certification Database.

Study design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

In total, 1,316,184 singleton births registered in Korea's National Birth Registration Database between January 2004 and December 2006 were included in the study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results

Paternal and maternal education levels were inversely related to infant mortality in preterm and full-term infants following multivariate adjusted logistic models. Parental employment status was not associated with infant mortality in full-term infants, but was associated with infant mortality in preterm infants, after adjusting for place of birth, gender, marital status, paternal age, maternal age and parity.

Conclusions

Low paternal and maternal education levels were found to be associated with infant mortality in both full-term and preterm infants. Low parental employment status was found to be associated with infant mortality in preterm infants but not in full-term infants. In order to reduce inequalities in infant mortality, public health interventions should focus on providing equal access to education.     

社会生态视角下早产儿神经发育影响因素的研究进展

早产儿神经发育障碍是全球重大的公共卫生问题,其影响因素众多且复杂。本文基于社会生态理论,从不同生态系统层面出发,对其神经发育相关的个体、家庭和社会政策因素进行综述,为优化早产儿预后结局提供新视角和新路径。     

Effects of socioeconomic status on breastfeeding duration in mothers of preterm and term infants

BACKGROUND: The propensity to breastfeed is not only of importance with regard to the beneficial effects on the individual, but is also of concern as an indicator of health behaviour related to social conditions. Thus, our aim was to investigate the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on breastfeeding duration in mothers of preterm and term infants. METHODS: Prospective population based cohort study. Data for infants registered in breastfeeding databases of two Swedish counties 1993-2001 were matched with data from two national registries-the Medical Birth Registry and Statistics Sweden. A total of 37,343 mothers of 2093 preterm and 35,250 term infants participated. RESULTS: All socioeconomic factors; maternal educational level, maternal unemployment benefit, social welfare and equivalent disposable income, were strongly associated with breastfeeding when examined individually in mothers of preterm and term infants. Some of the associations attenuated when investigated simultaneously. Independently of SES and confounders, mothers of preterm infants were at higher risk of weaning before the infant was 2 months (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.70; 95% confidence interval ((CI) 1.46-1.99)), 4 months (OR 1.79; CI 1.60-2.01), 6 months (OR 1.48; CI 1.33-1.64), and 9 months old (OR 1.19; CI 1.06-1.34), compared with mothers of term infants. CONCLUSIONS: In Sweden, despite its social welfare support system and a positive breastfeeding tradition, SES clearly has an impact on the breastfeeding duration. Mothers of preterm infants breastfeed for a shorter time compared with mothers of term infants, even when adjustments are made for SES and confounders.