早期使用替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊介入治疗的临床疗效

目的评价急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEAMI)患者早期应用替罗非班的临床疗效。方法 154例接受急诊PCI治疗的STEAMI患者,随机分为替罗非班组66例和对照组88例。对照组未使用替罗非班,替罗非班组在急诊室即给予静脉应用替罗非班。比较两组治疗后梗死相关动脉(IRA)TIMI血流分级及血流速度、校正的TIMI帧数(CTFC)、术后心肌灌注分级(TMPG)及住院期间出血和主要心血管事件(MACE)发生情况。结果与对照组相比,术后替罗非班组中IRA的TIMI 3级复流出现率明显增高,血流速度明显增快,CTFC减小,TMPG 3级获得率高;两组以上观察指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组MACE和出血发生情况无统计学差异((P均>0.05))。结论 STEAMI患者急诊行PCI早期使用替罗非班能显著提高IRA的前向血流,改善术后心肌灌注。     

替罗非班应用时机对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊介入治疗的影响

目的观察早期应用替罗非班对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊PCI效果的影响。方法将发病12 h急诊PCI的STEMI患者240例随机分为早期组(冠状动脉造影前1～3 h应用替罗非班)和即刻组(冠状动脉造影后即刻应用替罗非班),每组120例。观察2组PCI前后TIMI血流分级和梗死区心肌灌注(TMP)分级,PCI后30 d主要不良心血管事件(MACE)情况。结果与即刻组比较,早期组PCI前TIMI 3级血流和TMP 3级比例明显升高(30.8% vs 10.8%,33.3% vs 12.5%,P0.05);早期组PCI后TMP 3级明显升高(77.5% vs 51.7%,P0.05)。早期组发生MACE 3例,即刻组4例(2.5% vs 3.3%,P0.05)。结论对STEMI急诊PCI的患者,早期应用替罗非班能改善梗死相关血管的血流及心肌灌注。     

PCI术中联合使用腺苷与盐酸替罗非班对老年急性ST段高型心肌梗死心肌微循环及心功能的影响

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)治疗围术期中冠状动脉内联合注射腺苷与盐酸替罗非班对老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)心肌微循环及心功能的影响。方法选择2011²013年老年急性前壁STEMI 160例患者行急诊PCI术,随机分为替罗非班组、腺苷组、联合药物组及对照组,每组40例。球囊预扩张梗死相关动脉(IRA)后,通过指引导管冠脉内给予腺苷和替罗非班。分别比较四组患者PCI术后冠脉血流TIMI分级、矫正TIMI计帧(CTFC)、心肌染色分级(MBG)、磷酸肌酸同工酶(CK-MB)及其酶峰曲线下面积,并对随访比较术后半年心脏超声各项指标。结果联合药物组矫正TIMI计帧(CTFC)、心肌微循环灌注MBG分别较腺苷组、替罗非班组、对照组明显改善(P<0.05),联合药物组冠脉血流TIMI分级与腺苷组、替罗非班组相比无明显差异(P>0.05),矫正TIMI计帧(CTFC)、心肌染色分级(MBG)明显改善(P<0.05);联合药物组心肌酶CK-MB酶峰以及CK-MB释放的酶峰下面积较腺苷组、替罗非班组明显降低(P<0.05);术后半年联合药物组较腺苷组、替罗非班组,心脏超声左心室射血分数(LVEF)、心脏指数(CI)、每搏指数(SVI)增加,左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)减少(P<0.05)。结论对于老年STEAMI患者PCI围术期联合使用腺苷和盐酸替罗非班可以发挥药物的协同保护作用,进一步提高心肌微循环灌注水平,减少再灌注损伤,改善心功能。     

替罗非班对发病6~12h急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊PCI中无再流的作用

目的:探讨血小板Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班对发病6~12h的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后无再流的影响。方法:将症状发生至急诊PCI6~12h的STEMI患者随机分为替罗非班组(50例)和对照组(50例)。记录两组基础临床情况、PCI后无再流、心力衰竭、住院期间及术后180d主要心脏不良事件(MACE),包括死亡再梗死再次靶血管重建的发生率。结果:两组梗死相关动脉(IRA)PCI后TIMI3级血流发生无显著差异。与对照组相比,替罗非班组PCI前IRA TIMI 3级血流、术后梗死区心肌灌注分级(TMP)3级明显增加,无再流发生率降低(P<0.05)。心力衰竭减少27.4%,住院期间MACE发生率相似,但于术后180d降低10.85%(P<0.05)。结论:急诊PCI联合替罗非班治疗发病6~12h的STEMI患者,可进一步减少无再流发生,提高心肌灌注,并改善临床预后。     

替罗非班对发病6～12h急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊PCI中无再流的作用

目的:探讨血小板Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班对发病6～12 h的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后无再流的影响. 方法:将症状发生至急诊PCI 6～12 h的STEMI患者随机分为替罗非班组(50例)和对照组(50例).记录两组基础临床情况、PCI后无再流、心力衰竭、住院期间及术后180d主要心脏不良事件(MACE),包括死亡再梗死再次靶血管重建的发生率.结果:两组梗死相关动脉(IRA)PCI后TIMI 3级血流发生无显著差异.与对照组相比,替罗非班组PCI前IRA TIMI 3级血流、术后梗死区心肌灌注分级(TMP)3级明显增加,无再流发生率降低(P<0.05).心力衰竭减少27.4%,住院期间MACE发生率相似,但于术后180 d降低10.85%(P<0.05). 结论:急诊PCI联合替罗非班治疗发病6～12 h的STEMI患者,可进一步减少无再流发生,提高心肌灌注,并改善临床预后.     

冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死罪犯血管自发再通患者的疗效分析

目的:研究冠状动脉(冠脉)内注射替罗非班治疗在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)病变血管再通患者急诊PCI应用中的临床疗效。方法:选取火箭军总医院2012-1-2016-01收治的STEMI患者,经冠脉造影证实病变血管再通并行急诊PCI患者191例,分为替罗非班组(108例)及对照组(83例)。替罗非班组患者在常规PCI操作基础上,给予冠脉内注射替罗非班10μg/kg。比较两组患者病变相关血管(IRA)的TIMI血流分级和手术成功率,进一步随访观察2组患者30d及12个月心血管不良事件发生率(MACE)及出血事件,并通过超声心动图评估心脏功能及结构。结果:对于IRA再通的STEMI患者,冠脉内注射替罗非班可以显著促进PCI术后IRA血流恢复,减少术后早期及晚期心力衰竭的发生,不增加出血事件,减少平均住院天数。心脏超声结果发现,冠脉内注射替罗非班显著提高患者远期心脏功能。结论:对于IRA自发再通的STEMI患者,直接冠脉内注射替罗非班能够提高心肌再灌注,增加心脏功能,改善患者预后,安全可行。     

盐酸替罗非班在老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊冠脉介入治疗的疗效观察

目的探讨盐酸替罗非班在老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）急诊冠脉介入治疗（PCI）的疗效及安全性。方法选择老年急性STEMI患者70例,按就诊顺序分为盐酸替罗非班组、对照组各35例。盐酸替罗非班组行PCI术前应用盐酸替罗非班[0.15μg/（kg.min）],持续泵入至术后36 h,对照组行常规PCI术。分别观察两组患者冠脉复流、出血事件及术后30 d内主要不良心脏事件（MACE）的发生情况。结果盐酸替罗非班组急诊PCI术后TIMI 3级血流发生率100%;对照组TIMI 3级血流发生率82.9%,两组比较P〈0.05;术后30 d两组MACE发生情况无明显差异;盐酸替罗非班不增加出血事件。结论老年急性STEMI急诊PCI联合应用盐酸替罗非班安全有效。     

替罗非班联合急诊冠脉介入术治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的 探讨早期应用替罗非班联合急诊经皮冠脉介入治疗术(PCI)治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的疗效.方法 初发ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(STEMI)拟行直接PCI术病人131例,阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组(n=32),阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(n=99).分析PCI术后心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流、TIMI血流灌注分级(TMPG)分级和ST段回落,评价PCI术后心肌微循环再灌注.观察住院及随防期间主要不良心脏事件(MACE)及出血等并发症.结果 与阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组相比,阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组梗死相关动脉(IRA)狭窄程度较轻[(68.7±11.0)%vs (86.5±7.8)%,P＜0.05].PCI术后TIMI3级血流阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组高于阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(96.8% vs 78.8%,P＜0.05),TMPG3级阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组高于B组(62.5% vs 32.3%,P＜0.01).治疗期间轻度血小板减少和出血阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组高于阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(9.4% vs 1.0%,P＜0.05).随访30 d,两组死亡率无差异,但MACE发生率阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组低于阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(6.3% vs 29.3%,P＜0.01),进一步分析严重心绞痛阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组较阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组显著降低(6.3%vs 25.3%,P＜0.05).结论 阿司匹林和氯吡格雷基础上早期应用替罗非班,减少STEMI再灌注后无再流或慢血流的发生,改善心肌微循环再灌注及病人预后.     

冠状动脉使用替罗非班对STEMI患者急诊PCI术后的影响

目的:探讨冠状动脉(冠脉)使用替罗非班对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者在急诊冠脉介入治疗(PCI)术后TIMI血流、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)及肌钙蛋白(TnT)、主要心血管不良事件(MACE)的影响。方法:将164例入选的行急诊PCI的STEMI患者随机分为冠脉使用替罗非班组(冠脉组,84例)和静脉使用替罗非班组(静脉组,80例),在急诊PCI术前及完成后测定梗死相关血管(IRA)的TIMI血流,在发病12、24h采静脉血查CK-MB及TnT。观察PCI术后2h心电图ST段回落情况,观察PCI术后3d出血事件。随访30d记录MACE。结果:与静脉组比较,冠脉组明显改善PCI术后IRA的TIMI血流[(2.95±0.17)∶(2.84±0.22),P0.05],明显降低12、24h时的CK-MB与TnT水平(均P0.05),明显增加PCI术后2h心电图ST段回落70%的例数(P0.05)。两组术后出血事件及30dMACE没有显著差异。结论:对于行急诊PCI的STEMI患者,与静脉使用替罗非班比较,冠脉使用替罗非班可有效改善心肌灌注,减小心肌梗死面积。     

老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊PCI术后不同途径应用替罗非班的疗效

目的探讨不同途径应用替罗非班对老年性急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后的近远期疗效。方法采用随机数字表法将该院心内科2012年3月至2013年12月收治的99例老年STEMI患者分为冠脉组(冠脉内应用替罗非班+PCI)(n=50)和静脉组(静脉内应用替罗非班+PCI)(n=49)。两组在急诊确诊后均给予替罗非班静脉应用。行急诊PCI时,治疗组在前向血流恢复后给予冠脉内注射负荷量替罗非班并行PCI术,静脉组直接行PCI术。比较患者手术后梗死相关血管(IRA)的即刻心肌梗死溶栓治疗试验分级(TIMI)、TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)、校正的TIMI计帧数(CTFC)、术后2 h ST段回落百分比、左心射血分数(LVEF)、主要心脏不良事件发生率(MACE)的差异。结果两组PCI术前TIMI血流分级分布情况差异不显著(P>0.05),PCI术后,冠脉组TIMI血流分级3级高于静脉组,TIMI血流分级分布显著优于静脉组(P<0.05)。两组PCI前后的TMPG级分布差异均不显著(P>0.05),冠脉组术后2 h ST段完全回落率(CR)高于静脉组,ST段回落分布显著优于静脉组(P<0.05);PCI术前两组的CTFC值比较差异不显著(P>0.05),PCI术后冠脉组比静脉组下降显著(P<0.05)。PCI术后住院期间,两组患者的不良事件发生率、术后血小板(PLT)减少情况比较差异均不显著(P>0.05),PCI术后冠脉组的LVEF值显著优于静脉组(P<0.05)。结论老年性STEMI患者急诊PCI冠脉应用替罗非班对于改善心肌微循环、心功能有较为显著的作用。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.