游离包皮内板或膀胱粘膜治疗尿道下裂(附56例报告)

目的：介绍采用游离包皮内板或膀胱粘膜治疗尿道下裂的方法及效果。方法：对56例尿道下裂患儿根据尿道缺损长度不同，42例采用包皮内板，14例采用膀胱粘膜行尿道成形术。结果：56例中一次手术成功49例（87.5%），7例尿瘘（12.5%），其中1例小尿瘘自行愈合，另6例分别于术后3个月行尿瘘修补术治愈，随访6个月－3年，疗效满意。结论：游离包皮内板或膀胱粘膜可以治疗各种类型尿道下裂，效果良好。     

不同方法治疗尿道下裂16年回顾

目的 探讨尿道下裂不同术式效果及特点。方法 回顾分析16年231例尿道下裂手术资料，分别采用游离移植物尿道成形术、带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术、前尿道延伸术和前尿道延伸术加带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术等术式，观察手术效果。结果 游离移植物尿道成形术：膀胱黏膜尿道成形术120例，成功率83．3％；游离包皮内板尿道成形术23例，成功率78．2％。带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术30例，成功率80．0％。前尿道延伸术45例，成功率95．5％。前尿道延伸术和前尿道延伸术加带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术13例，成功率69．2％。结论 尿道下裂术式各具优缺点，应根据尿道缺损的长度及术者的经验选取术式。     

不同方法治疗尿道下裂16年回顾

目的　探讨尿道下裂不同术式效果及特点。方法　回顾分析 16年 2 3 1例尿道下裂手术资料 ,分别采用游离移植物尿道成形术、带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术、前尿道延伸术和前尿道延伸术加带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术等术式 ,观察手术效果。结果　游离移植物尿道成形术 :膀胱黏膜尿道成形术 12 0例 ,成功率 83 .3 %;游离包皮内板尿道成形术 2 3例 ,成功率 78.2 %。带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术 3 0例 ,成功率 80 .0 %。前尿道延伸术 45例 ,成功率 95 .5 %。前尿道延伸术和前尿道延伸术加带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术 13例 ,成功率 69.2 %。结论　尿道下裂术式各具优缺点 ,应根据尿道缺损的长度及术者的经验选取术式     

不同术式一期正位开口修复先天性尿道下裂：附114例报告

总结１１４例不同手术方式一期修复各种类型尿道下裂的经验。本组中阴茎型３０例，阴茎阴囊型６３例，会阴型２１例。阴茎型尿道下裂宜采用包皮内板转移皮瓣尿道成形术。阴囊型根据缺损尿道长短采用阴囊纵带蒂皮瓣术或包皮内板阴囊纵隔联合皮瓣尿道成形术。会阴型采用包皮内板阴囊纵隔联合皮瓣术或膀胱粘膜尿道造成形术本组一期手术的成功率为８４．８％。     

先天性尿道下裂的手术治疗体会

目的 总结尿道下裂手术治疗的经验体会,进一步提高手术治疗水平。方法 回顾性分析86例尿道下裂的临床资料,分析不同术式的治疗效果。结果 尿道外口前移阴茎头成形术未见尿漏及尿道狭窄等并发症。游离包皮内板尿道成形术后并发症发生率为12．5％,游离膀胱粘膜尿道成形术后并发症发生率为17％。结论 根据不同类型的尿道下裂选择不同的手术方式才能达到满意的治疗效果,阴茎头型尿道下裂采取尿道外口前移、阴茎头成形术,阴茎体型尿道下裂采用游离包皮内板代尿道Ⅰ期尿道成形术,阴茎阴囊型及会阴型尿道下裂采用游离膀胱粘膜代尿道Ⅰ期尿道成形术。     

自制多孔平行双支架管在尿道下裂手术中的应用

目的 探讨提高各型尿道下裂修复手术成功率的方法.方法 220例尿道下裂患者,均采用一期尿道成形术.阴茎伸直后,用带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术(Duckett术)195例;阴囊中隔+带蒂包皮内板联合成形术20例;膀胱黏膜游离移植尿道成形术5例.用自制带有多个侧孔的平行双硅胶管作为尿道下裂修复手术中新形成的尿道支架管.结果 术后随访1～8年,208例一期手术成功,排尿通畅;2例术后出现尿瘘;6例手术1个月后出现尿道吻合口狭窄,4例术后1个月尿道外口狭窄.结论 本组一期手术成功率达94.5%,自制带有多侧孔的平行双硅胶管作为尿道支架管,具有通畅引流、利于冲洗等优点,可减少感染、尿瘘、狭窄的发生率.     

Duckett术式一期治疗尿道下裂的临床研究

目的:探讨横裁包皮带蒂岛状皮瓣尿道成形术(Duckett术)一期治疗尿道下裂的临床效果。方法:回顾性研究我科2003年～2007年采用Duckett术式一期修复尿道下裂患者20例,年龄2～22岁,平均11.3岁,其中阴茎体型3例,阴茎阴囊型17例;另外收集同期行膀胱粘膜代尿道术尿道下裂30例,年龄7～34岁,平均16.1岁,其中阴茎体型10例,阴茎阴囊型16例,会阴型2例,阴囊型2例。膀胱粘膜术全部行膀胱造瘘及留置尿道支架管,Duckett术仅留置尿道支架管。结果:Duckett术:1次手术成功17例(85%),术后尿瘘2例(10%),尿道狭窄1例(5%),2例尿瘘术后6个月修补成功,人均手术次数为1.1次;膀胱粘膜代尿道术:手术均分二期完成,手术成功26例(86.7%),术后尿瘘3例(10%),尿道狭窄1例(3.3%),再次手术修补瘘口治愈,人均手术次数为2.1次。2例尿道狭窄行尿道扩张后基本痊愈。结论:Duckett术一期修复尿道下裂效果良好,手术成功率与其他术式相近、术后并发症低,与膀胱粘膜尿道成形术相比,术后阴茎外观更满意,主要优点是一次完成手术。     

后型尿道下裂二期膀胱黏膜半管状重建尿道术的临床研究

目的探讨采用二期膀胱黏膜半管状重建尿道术治疗后型尿道下裂的临床研究。方法81例后型尿道下裂病例采用二期手术：一期手术将阴茎海绵体完全伸直,阴茎包皮内板和背侧皮肤预置于阴茎腹侧;二期手术采用半管状阴茎阴囊皮肤＋半管状膀胱黏膜成形尿道术。结果81例后型尿道下裂患者矫形后形态几乎接近正常。手术成功率为86．4％（70／81）,尿瘘发生率为13．6％（11／81）,8例（9．9％,8／81）发生尿道狭窄,经尿道扩张治疗后痊愈。结论二期膀胱黏膜半管状重建尿道术治疗后型尿道下裂的手术成功率较高,值得临床推荐。     

尿道下裂手术15年回顾(附322例报告)

目的　探讨尿道下裂不同术式效果及特点。　方法　回顾 15年 32 2例尿道下裂手术资料 ,将术式分为原位皮瓣尿道成形、带蒂皮瓣尿道成形、游离组织尿道成形 ,观察手术效果。　结果　原位皮瓣尿道成形 :阴茎皮条埋藏尿道成形术 2 6例 ,成功 6 9.2 % ;阴茎皮管尿道成形术 33例 ,成功率 6 9.7%。带蒂皮瓣尿道成形 :带蒂阴囊皮瓣尿道成形术 146例 ,成功率 80 .8% ;横行带蒂包皮瓣尿道成形术 6 5例 ,成功率 81.5 %。游离组织尿道成形 :游离包皮瓣尿道成形术 9例 ,成功 7例 ;颊粘膜尿道成形术 1例 ,失败 ;膀胱粘膜尿道成形术 42例 ,成功率 88.1%。　结论　尿道下裂术式 ,各具优缺点 ,选取术式应综合多因素考虑。膀胱粘膜尿道成形术是目前成功率较高 ,合乎生理的术式     

膀胱粘膜尿道成形术治疗复杂性尿道下裂

目的对膀胱粘膜尿道成形术治疗复杂性尿道下裂的适应证及手术方法进行讨论，以重新认识其应用价值。方法总结2002～2004年经多次手术失败的复杂性尿道下裂7例，平均尿道缺损5、7cm，采用改进后的膀胱粘膜尿道成形术Ⅰ划尿道成形的资料。结果术后均获得较为满意的疗效，阴茎伸直满意，外形好，尿线粗，开口近似正常位置。2例术后尿瘘，6个月后再次修补获成功，手术一次成功率71.4％。结论对多次手术失败、阴茎疤痕严重、局部取材困难、尿道缺损过长的复杂尿道下裂的病例，采用膀胱粘膜尿道成形术Ⅰ期尿道成形仍是目前合理、有效的手术方法。     

Use of bladder mucosal graft for urethral reconstruction

BACKGROUND: The ideal tissue for complex urethral reconstruction has yet to be determined, especially in patients with deficient preputium. The use of bladder mucosa as a free graft could be an alternative in these problem cases. METHODS: Bladder mucosa graft urethroplasty was performed on 14 patients with penoscrotal or scrotal hypospadias. The mean age of the patients was 18.7 (range 14-23) years. Ten cases were subjected to primary urethral reconstruction while four cases had previous hypospadias repair. RESULTS: Complete urethral replacement by the bladder mucosa tube was performed in six patients. Meatal problems occurred in two (33.33%) patients and proximal fistula formed in one (16.67%) patient. A bladder mucosa graft was combined with preputial or tunica vaginalis grafts distally in eight cases, and one patient in the tunica vaginalis group developed fistula at the anastomosis of the bladder mucosa and tunica vaginalis grafts. The overall complication rate was 28.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Our initial results showed that bladder mucosa grafts can be used successfully for urethral reconstruction especially when combined with preputial or tunica vaginalis grafts distally.     

Treatment of severe scrotal hypospadias with onlay-type urethroplasty using mouth mucosa

Failure in repairing severe hypospadias complicated with fistula and cutaneous retraction is often associated with lack of subcutaneous tissue and skin providing protection to the neourethra. We report the results of treatment in 6 patients with scrotal hypospadias with severe deviation and scarce dorsal prepuce. A neourethra was created by the onlay technique applying an oral mucosa graft and preserving in all cases the dorsal preputial skin for the island cutaneous flap. All patients had hypospadias without previous repairs excepting one of them, who had had one first time hypospadias repair in other hospital. Patients age ranged between 2 years and 3 months, and 4 years (mean: 2 years and 9 months). In all cases, hypospadias was scrotal type with severe deviation and scarce dorsal prepuce. All patients had prior hormone stimulation with dehydrotestosterone 3%. Surgical repair was performed in one-stage. Urethroplasty included preservation of the urethral plate, oral mucosa graft to provide ventral coverage, and island cutaneous flap with the dorsal preputial skin. In all cases, the chord was dissected behind the urethral plate. In 3 patients a dorsal Nesbit plication was necessary to obtain a complete straighten penis. Results in all 6 cases were satisfactory. Only one patient had a small leakage at the previous neomeatus. The other five patients are asymptomatic. Follow-up ranges from 6 months to 2 years. We conclude that urethroplasty in association with a well vascularized island flap of dorsal preputial skin decrease the incidence of fistulae. In patients with severe hypospadias with scarce dorsal prepuce urethroplasty should be completed with oral mucosa grafts preserving dorsal preputial skin for the ventral cutaneous plasty.     

带蒂包皮皮管法一期治疗尿道下裂

目的：探讨带蒂包皮皮管法一期治疗尿道下裂的优点及手术要领。方法：回顾性分析采用带蒂包皮皮管法行一期尿道下裂成形术治疗12例的临床疗效。结果：手术一次成功9例（75％），另3例经再次治疗而愈。结论：采用带蒂包皮皮管法治疗尿道下裂具有取材方便、易成活、极少形成瘢痕、效果确实的优势，可作为临床首选方法之一。     

Folding and everting distal end of graft flap to reduce orifice stenosis following onlay urethroplasty

Aim: Orifice stenosis remained to be a common complication of hypospadias repair. We had modified the preputial island flap urethroplasty by folding and everting the distal end of the pedicle graft flap to prevent the neo-orifice from stenosis. Methods: Sixteen patients had undergone hypospadias repair using a modified onlay island flap technique. A urethral catheter was retained for 8 days to 10 days after operation. Results: Satisfactory results were seen in all the patients with a cosmetically fine appearance. One patient had a urinary tract infection and another,urethrocutaneous fistula and both were amply treated. No glanular adhesion or stenosis occurred. A long-term follow up of 6 months to 4 years (mean: 2 years) in 15 patients did not find any complication. Conclusion: The modified preputial island flap urethroplasty technique is an easy, reliable and effective approach to reduce orifice stenosis in hypospadias repair. ( Asian J Androl 2003 Jun; 5:159-161 )     

加盖与管形包皮岛状皮瓣法在尿道下裂治疗中的应用

目的评价加盖包皮岛状皮瓣法（Onlay island flap法）与管形包皮岛状皮瓣法（Tubularized island flap法）手术治疗尿道下裂的适应证及疗效.方法总结分析166例尿道下裂修复手术及术后并发症.患儿年龄1～15岁,平均5.1岁.冠状沟型及阴茎体前型尿道下裂36例,阴茎体型81例,阴茎根型36例,阴囊及会阴型13例,其中外院行阴茎下弯矫正术后11例.合并阴茎下弯139例,轻度43例,中度43例,重度53例.采用加盖包皮岛状皮瓣法79例,管形包皮岛状皮瓣法87例.结果 166例手术成功率为90.4%.166例随访2年均未发生尿道狭窄、尿道憩室、阴茎皮肤坏死等合并症.加盖包皮岛状皮瓣法术后发生尿瘘4例（5.1%）,阴茎下弯复发7例（8.9%）,手术成功率为86.1%.管形包皮岛状皮瓣法术后发生尿瘘4例（4.6%）,阴茎下弯复发1例（1.1%）,手术成功率为94.2%.2种术式尿瘘发生率比较,差异无统计学意义;而阴茎下弯复发率比较,差异有统计学意义.结论加盖包皮岛状皮瓣法适用于尿道板发育好的阴茎体及阴茎根型病例,管形包皮岛状皮瓣适用于尿道口位于冠状沟至会阴合并重度阴茎下弯的各型尿道下裂.     

冻干脱细胞膀胱黏膜下基质在尿道下裂修复中的临床应用

目的在动物实验的基础上,将异体脱细胞膀胱黏膜下基质用于修复阴茎型尿道下裂患者,以初步了解其临床疗效。方法我们采用反复冻融—酶法获得了同种异体人脱细胞膀胱黏膜下基质,于2004年将其试用于3例尿道下裂患者的治疗。结果一期手术2例,尿线粗、直,无尿瘘,无散射;术后1年随访,阴茎无下弯,无尿痛、尿瘘,尿线粗,尿流测定仪及尿道镜检查未见异常。二期手术1例,远端尿道未见狭窄及闭锁。结论同种异体脱细胞膀胱黏膜下基质是一种有前途的较为理想的尿道组织修复替代材料,远期效果还有待继续进行严密仔细的观察。     

膀胱黏膜尿道成形术一期治疗尿道下裂

目的探讨膀胱黏膜尿道成形术一期治疗尿道下裂的疗效.方法 1991年8月～2003年8月对38例先天性尿道下裂患者阴茎下曲矫正后行一期膀胱黏膜尿道成形术治疗.结果 38例均一期成形,术后随访6个月～9年,尿道外口修复至正常阴茎头位置,达到外观美观,恢复正常排尿.其中2例一期手术失败,二期再行膀胱黏膜尿道成形术仍获得成功.一期手术成功率为95%,术后3例尿瘘再行尿瘘修补术,2例轻度尿道狭窄,经尿道扩张后解除.余无并发症.结论一期膀胱黏膜尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂具有并发症少,成功率高等优点.