石榴皮提取物对高脂血症小鼠抗氧化功能和脂质代谢于的影响

目的：探讨石榴果皮提取物对高脂血症小鼠抗氧化功能和脂质代谢的影响，并与果汁提取物相比较。方法：采用高脂饲料喂养C57BL／6J小鼠建立动物模型，观察提取物对抗氧化功能、血脂、肝脏脂类含量以及主动脉壁形态学的影响。结果：石榴果皮提取物可以有效改善抗氧化功能，降低血脂及肝脏脂肪和胆固醇含量，抑制主动脉动脉粥样硬化（AS）早期病变，石榴果汁提取物也有同样作用。结论：石榴果皮提取物能够抑制AS早期病变，可能与提高抗氧化功能、降低血脂有关。     

葡萄籽提取物对小鼠动脉粥样硬化的作用

目的 :　探讨葡萄籽乙醇提取物对已形成的小鼠动脉粥样硬化 (AS)病变的消退作用。方法 :　采用 AS敏感株近交系 C5 7BL/6 J小鼠 ,经致 AS饲料饲喂 2 0 w复制 AS模型 ,然后改用普通饲料 ,同时给予葡萄籽提取物灌胃干预 4w,于 2 5 w末 ,眼球放血处死小鼠 ,并取主动脉作病理切片 ,观察血脂及形态学变化。结果 :　经致 AS饲料饲喂 2 0 w的小鼠 ,主动脉部位已形成了含有大量泡沫细胞的早期 AS病变 ,主动脉损伤评分为 7.4± 1 .3 ,且血清甘油三酯、胆固醇和丙二醛含量大幅度升高。经给予葡萄籽提取物灌胃 ,小鼠主动脉损伤较模型组明显减轻 ,主动脉损伤评分为 6 .4± 1 .2 ,血清甘油三酯、胆固醇和丙二醛含量均明显下降 ,高剂量组效果为佳。结论 :　葡萄籽提取物具有减轻已形成的动脉粥样硬化早期病变的作用 ,且能使血清甘油三酯、胆固醇和丙二醛含量下降 ,显示有明显的抗动脉粥样硬化效应     

黑大豆种皮花色苷提取物抗兔动脉粥样硬化作用

目的研究黑大豆种皮花色苷提取物(black soybean coat anthocyanin extract,BSCAE)对高胆固醇饲料诱导的兔动脉粥样硬化(AS)形成的影响。方法:以成年雄性新西兰大白兔为实验动物,随机分为4组:正常对照组,模型对照组,以及低、高剂量BSCAE组,每组12只。除正常对照组外,其余三组前10w均用高胆固醇饲料喂养。实验组灌胃BSCAE(400,800mg/kgbw),对照组灌胃生理盐水。18w后观察主动脉AS斑块形成情况,测定血脂、肝脏胆固醇含量及血清和肝脏的抗氧化酶活性和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:BSCAE抑制了主动脉AS斑块的发展,同时血清胆固醇,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白B水平降低。血清和肝脏中MDA生成下降,肝脏超氧化物岐化酶活性增加,800mg/kgbwBSCAE还可减少肝脏中胆固醇含量,提高血清和肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性。结论:摄入一定剂量的BSCAE可减轻高胆固醇饲料诱导的兔主动脉AS斑块的形成,改善血脂代谢和抗氧化作用是其可能的作用机制。     

石榴皮抗氧化物质提取及其体外抗氧化作用研究

目的: 研究石榴皮提取物体外清除自由基的作用及对低密度脂蛋白(LDL)氧化的影响。方法: 采用 -2O、·OH、ROO·等自由基的生成体系,研究石榴皮提取物清除自由基的活性,并进一步采用LDL体外氧化模型,研究对LDL氧化的抑制作用,并与石榴果汁提取物相比较。结果: 两种提取物均可以有效清除 -2O、稯H、ROO纷杂苫种芁DL氧化,其活性具有剂量效应关系;果皮提取物的各种活性均强于果汁提取物。结论: 石榴皮所含天然抗氧化物质能有效清除 -2O、稯H、ROO返茸杂苫种芁DL氧化,因而可能具有抑制动脉粥样硬化(AS)的作用。     

蜂胶超微粉对高血脂小鼠脂质代谢的作用

目的探讨蜂胶超微粉对高血脂小鼠脂质代谢的作用。方法以高脂饲料喂养雄性小鼠,建立高血脂模型,观察蜂胶超微粉对小鼠血脂和肝脂质水平、血清和肝脏抗氧化功能的影响及肝指数的变化情况。结果蜂胶超微粉能显著降低高血脂小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、动脉粥样硬化(AS)指数水平;升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的浓度。蜂胶超微粉能降低小鼠肝指数,改善肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,并降低肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量。结论蜂胶超微粉具有调节脂质代谢和增强抗氧化功能的作用。     

枳实提取物对实验性糖尿病小鼠肝脏抗氧化防御功能的影响

目的研究枳实提取物对试验性糖尿病小鼠肝脏抗氧化能力的影响。方法用高、中、低剂量的枳实提取物治疗糖尿病小鼠5周后,观察其一般状况、肝脏的抗氧化能力及肝脏组织形态学变化。结果枳实提取物治疗组,与糖尿病模型组比较,血糖水平显著降低(P<0.05),谷胱甘肽含量(GSH)显著增加(P<0.05),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性、丙二醛和NO含量显著降低(P<0.01),超过氧化物歧化酶活性有所增加。光镜下枳实提取物治疗组肝组织细胞损伤较糖尿病组降低。结论枳实提取物具有增强肝脏的抗氧化能力,降低肝细胞损伤作用。     

生姜提取物对X射线损伤小鼠肝脏脂质过氧化的影响

[目的]研究生姜提取物对X射线损伤小鼠肝脏脂质过氧化的影响。[方法]分别以高、中、低剂量生姜提取物给小鼠灌胃,30min后给以2Gy的X射线全身照射。观察不同组小鼠肝脏组织抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-PX)活性和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。同时设阴性对照组和阳性对照组。[结果]高剂量姜液组抗氧化酶活性降低,MDA含量升高;低剂量姜液组抗氧化酶活性升高,MDA含量降低。[结论]中、低剂量的生姜提取物对X射线照射造成的小鼠抗氧化系统损伤具有保护作用。     

某保健食品胶囊抗氧化动物实验研究

目的了解某保健食品胶囊(含三七、红景天、枸杞子、五味子和葡萄籽提取物)对实验小鼠抗氧化功能的辅助增强作用。方法动物实验设3个剂量组(0.225、0.450和1.350 g/kg·bw)和1个溶剂对照组,观察某胶囊对老龄小鼠抗氧化功能的影响。结果在试验初始、中期、末期,3个剂量组的小鼠体重及增重与对照组差异均无统计学意义;试验末期各剂量组小鼠血清中蛋白质羰基含量差异无统计学意义;与对照组比较,高剂量组的丙二醛(MDA)含量降低、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力增加、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量升高。结论含三七、红景天、枸杞子、五味子和葡萄籽提取物为主要原料的某胶囊,对实验动物有抗氧化功能。     

富硒竹节人参提取物降血脂及抗氧化作用

目的 观察富硒竹节人参提取物对实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂及抗氧化作用的影响.方法 采用高脂饲料喂养大鼠建立高脂血症模型,富硒竹节人参提取物按2,4g/(kg·bw)给大鼠灌胃,1次/d,连续4周.4周后取血测定血脂及抗氧化酶含量.结果 富硒竹节人参提取物高、低剂量组可降低大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的含量,升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),高剂量组作用尤其明显;可使血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力上升,丙二醛((MDA)含量降低,与高脂模型组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 富硒竹节人参提取物能降低高脂饲料喂养大鼠的血脂水平,提高抗氧化能力,抑制脂质过氧化.     

虎杖苷经PI3K/AKT/FoxO1信号通路抗ApoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化损伤研究

目的研究虎杖苷对ApoE^-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化(Atherosclerosis,AS)损伤的影响;方法高脂喂养ApoE^-/-小鼠建立AS模型,随机分为:模型组、辛伐他汀组、虎杖苷组(n=8),另设8只C57BL/6J小鼠为对照组,给药12周后收集小鼠血清检测血脂水平;ELISA检测血清基质金属蛋白酶2和9(MMP2、MMP9)的含量;制作切片观察主动脉斑块;实时荧光定量PCR测PI3K、AKT、FoxO1转录水平;免疫印迹检测斑块PI3K、p-AKT、p-FoxO1蛋白水平;结果与模型组相比,虎杖苷组小鼠主动脉斑块显著减小,TC、TG与LDL-C浓度显著降低,MMP2和MMP9水平下调,而HDL-C浓度升高,PI3K、p-AKT表达水平显著升高,FoxO1磷酸化蛋白水平显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);结论虎杖苷能显著减轻ApoE^-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化损伤,可能与激活PI3K/AKT信号通路,从而抑制FoxO1磷酸化有关。     

石榴皮多酚提取物降血脂效果的实验研究

目的提取和富集石榴皮中的多酚类物质，并探讨其降血脂效果。方法采用乙酸乙酯萃取石榴皮粗提取物中的多酚类物质并富集，以高脂饲料喂养雄性SD大鼠建立高脂血症模型，观察饲料补充提取物喂养28d对大鼠血脂和肝脂水平的影响。结果石榴皮粗提取物经进一步分离提取后，多酚类物质得到了富集。高脂组大鼠经多酚提取物饲养后，其血清TC、TG、LDL—C、FFA和肝TC、TG、FFA比高脂对照组分别减少42．4％、58．5％、48．9％、20．6％和32．6％、11．9％、25．5％。部分作用有强于石榴皮粗提取物的趋势，而且还具有提高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL—C)水平的作用。结论石榴皮多酚提取物具有降低血脂和肝脂的作用，有效成分有待进一步分析。     

Pomegranate juice: a heart-healthy fruit juice

Pomegranate juice is a polyphenol-rich fruit juice with high antioxidant capacity. In limited studies in human and murine models, pomegranate juice has been shown to exert significant antiatherogenic, antioxidant, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory effects. Pomegranate juice significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion areas in immune-deficient mice and intima media thickness in cardiac patients on medications. It also decreased lipid peroxidation in patients with type 2 diabetes, and systolic blood pressure and serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity in hypertensive patients. Thus, the potential cardioprotective benefits of pomegranate juice deserve further clinical investigation, and evidence to date suggests it may be prudent to include this fruit juice in a heart-healthy diet.     

Grape seed extract (Vitis vinifera) partially reverses high fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice

The aim of the present study was to assess the anti-obesity effects of grape seed extract (GSE) supplement in C57BL/6J mice. Thirty mice were divided into three groups; normal diet control group (ND), high fat diet control group (HD) and high fat diet plus grape seed extract supplemented group (HD+GSE). Results were as follows: 1. GSE supplement reduced the weight gain in mice fed high fat diets; epididymal and back fat weights were lower compared to non-supplemented HD group. 2. Blood lipid concentrations were lower in the HD+GSE group than in the HD group. Serum HDL-C concentrations were higher in the HD+GSE group compared with the other groups. 3. The concentrations of acid-insoluble acylcarnitines (AIAC) in serum and liver were higher in the HD+GSE group than in the HD group. 4. GSE supplementation increased mRNA levels of lipolytic genes such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) and decreased mRNA levels of lipogenic genes such as acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC). These findings suggest that grape seed extract supplements in high fat diet might normalize body weight, epididymal and back fat weights, lipid concentrations, and carnitine levels through controlling lipid metabolism.     

Effects of a high-monounsaturated fat diet on glucose and lipid metabolisms in normal and diabetic mice

The beneficial effects of high-monounsaturated fat (high-MUFA) diets on diabetic patients have been reported, whereas studies concerning the effects on animals have been few. Although experiments on animals should be useful in elucidating underlying mechanisms, it is not clear even whether there are benefits of a high-MUFA diet in animals. This study examined the short-term effects of a high-MUFA diet on normal and genetically diabetic mice. The high-MUFA diet supplied 38% of the total calories as fat (26% from MUFA), while a regular diet was 13% fat (3% from MUFA). Normal C5 7BL/6J and diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were fed either the regular or the high-MUFA diet for 1 wk. Serum glucose and lipid levels were then measured. In normal mice, hepatic triglyceride production was also compared between the two dietary groups using the Triton WR1339 method. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted on the diabetic mice. After 1 wk of feeding to normal mice, the high-MUFA diet was seen to lower serum triglyceride levels and reduce hepatic triglyceride production in comparison with the regular diet; it is suggested that the lowering of triglyceride consists of mechanisms including reduced hepatic triglyceride production. When diabetic mice were fed the high-MUFA diet with a controlled caloric intake, the serum glucose levels lowered without an accompanying deterioration in lipid metabolism and the impaired glucose tolerance was ameliorated. This study demonstrates that a high-MUFA diet can lower serum triglyceride levels in normal mice and improve disorders of glucose metabolism in diabetic mice.     

Effects of L-carnitine on obesity, diabetes, and as an ergogenic aid

Data on the functionalities of L-carnitine on obesity, diabetes, and as an ergogenic aid are summarized as follows: Obesity: Total lipid, triglyceride, and total protein increased during the 3T3-L1 cell differentiation. However, nonesterified carnitine (NEC), acid-soluble acylcarnitine (ASAC), and acid-insoluble acylcarnitine (AIAC) concentrations were lower in the differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, the exogenously added carnitine inhibited the increases in triglyceride and total lipid levels. In an animal study, L-carnitine supplementation reduced serum leptin and abdominal fat weight caused by high-fat diet in C57BL/6J mice. Diabetes: In an animal study, streptozptpcin-induced diabetic rats had markedly lower IGFBP-3 than normal rats, and IGFBP-3 was increased by L-carnitine treatment, demonstrating that L-carnitine treatment of diabetic rats modulates the IGFs/IGFBPs axis. A study of Korean diabetics indicated that there is a remarkable abnormality in lipid and carnitine metabolism in Korean diabetic patients. Ergogenic aids: We investigated the separate and combined effects of L-carnitine and antioxidant supplementation on carnitine and lipid concentrations in trained and non-trained animal and humans. Supplementation of L-carnitine and antioxidants improve lipid profiles and exercise ability in exercise-trained rats. Also, both exercise training and supplementation of carnitine and antioxidants improved lipid profiles and carnitine metabolism in humans, suggesting that carnitine and antioxidant supplementation may improve exercise performance.     

白藜芦醇对C57BL/6J小鼠脂代谢的影响

目的观察22.5mg/kg BW白藜芦醇对C57BL/6J小鼠血清和肝脏脂质的影响。方法 30只C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分为正常对照组、高脂组和高脂+白藜芦醇组,每组10只,正常对照组喂饲基础饲料,高脂组和高脂+白藜芦醇组喂饲高脂高胆固醇饲料。高脂+白藜芦醇组每日经灌胃给予22.5mg/kg BW白藜芦醇羧甲基纤维素钠溶液进行干预,正常对照组和高脂组均给予0.5%的羧甲基纤维素钠溶液灌胃。干预8周后测定小鼠血清TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C水平,肝脏TC和TG水平,并观察小鼠肝组织病理改变。结果高脂组和高脂+白藜芦醇组小鼠血清TC、LDL-C和HDL-C水平均高于正常对照组(P<0.05),高脂组血清TC和LDL-C水平还高于高脂+白藜芦醇组(P<0.05),但高脂组和高脂+白藜芦醇组小鼠血清TG水平均低于正常对照组(P<0.05)。高脂组小鼠肝脏TC水平高于高脂+白藜芦醇组和正常对照组(P<0.05)。结论 22.5mg/kg BW白藜芦醇可以降低喂饲高脂饲料的C57BL/6J小鼠体内胆固醇水平。     

Red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf supplementation improves antioxidant status in C57BL/6J mice fed high fat high cholesterol diet

The effect of diet supplemented with red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf on antioxidant status of plasma and tissue was investigated in C57BL/6J mice. The mice were randomly divided into two groups after one-week acclimation, and fed a high fat (20%) and high cholesterol (1%) diet without (control group) or with 8% freeze-dried red beet leaf (RBL group) for 4 weeks. In RBL mice, lipid peroxidation determined as 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS value) was significantly reduced in the plasma and selected organs (liver, heart, and kidney). Levels of antioxidants (glutathione and β-carotene) and the activities of antioxidant enzyme (glutathione peroxidase) in plasma and liver were considerably increased, suggesting that antioxidant defenses were improved by RBL diet. Comet parameters such as tail DNA (%), tail extent moment, olive tail moment and tail length were significantly reduced by 25.1%, 49.4%, 35.4%, and 23.7%, respectively, in plasma lymphocyte DNA of RBL mice compared with control mice, and indicated the increased resistance of lymphocyte DNA to oxidative damage. In addition, the RBL diet controlled body weight together with a significant reduction of fat pad (retroperitoneal, epididymal, inguinal fat, and total fat). Therefore, the present study suggested that the supplementation of 8% red beet leaf in high fat high cholesterol diet could prevent lipid peroxidation and improve antioxidant defense system in the plasma and tissue of C57BL/6J mice.     

Chamnamul [Pimpinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Nakai] ameliorates hyperglycemia and improves antioxidant status in mice fed a high-fat,high-sucrose diet

Chronic consumption of a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet increases insulin resistance and results in type 2 diabetes mellitus in C57BL/6J mice. Hyperglycemia in diabetics increases oxidative stress, which is associated with a high risk of diabetic complications. The purpose of this study was to examine the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of chamnamul [Pimpinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Nakai] in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of a 70% ethanol extract of chamnamul was measured in vitro. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a basal or HFHS diet with or without a 70% ethanol extract of chamnamul at a 0.5% level of the diet for 12 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. After sacrifice, serum glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and lipid profiles, and lipid peroxidation of the liver were determined. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was determined. Chamnamul extract inhibited α-glucosidase by 26.7%, which was 78.3% the strength of inhibition by acarbose at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. Serum glucose, insulin, and cholesterol levels, as well as HOMA-IR values, were significantly lower in the chamnamul group than in the HFHS group. Chamnamul extract significantly decreased the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the liver compared with the HFHS group. These findings suggest that chamnamul may be useful in prevention of hyperglycemia and reduction of oxidative stress in mice fed a HFHS diet.