改良式肾窦内肾盂切开取石术治疗复杂性肾结石

自1998年2月以来,我们采用利多卡因灌注、浸泡肾盂和肾窦,辅以肾盂拉钩牵拉、肾窦内肾盂切开取石,治疗43例肾内型肾盂的肾结石病人,取得满意的效果。现报道如下。1 临床资料 本组43例,男25例,女18例,年龄20-65     

肾盂加肾后基段间区切开术治疗复杂性肾结石

复杂性肾鹿角状或铸状结石手术治疗较困难。肾盂加肾后基段间区切开取石术是根据肾后段血管分布的特点而设计的一种术式。我院 1 996年 4月～ 2 0 0 1年 7月 ,对估计用一般取石术难以取出者采用该术式治疗复杂性肾鹿角状或铸状结石 2 1例 ,效果满意。现报告如下。1　资料与方法     

镰刀状肾实质切开取石术治疗复杂性鹿角形肾结石62例报告

目的：总结镰刀状肾实质切开取石术的临床经验。方法：回顾性分析1987～2003年采用镰刀状肾实质切开取石术治疗62例复杂性鹿角形肾结石的临床资料及治疗效果。结果：62例均一次性取净结石。术中输血43例，平均输血140ml；术后4周KUB加IVU复查．手术侧肾脏显影正常，积水减少，无肾盏狭窄及结石残留。结论：镰刀状肾实质切开取石术具有术中出血少、肾功能受损轻、便于一次取净结石等优点，值得临床推广应用。     

无萎缩性段间线肾切开术治疗复杂性肾结石

为评价无萎缩性复杂性肾结石的治疗方法及疗效，对41例复杂性肾结石的患，应用常温下间歇性局部阻断肾实质血流作萎缩性肾切取石术。常温下阻断肾血流10min时开放一次肾血流，平均肾缺血时间25min。所有患取石术后肾即有尿液分泌，术后24h肾盂造瘘管引流出尿量850－2000ml，尿液在术后1周内转流，血BUN、Cr均正常，无术后尿瘘及继发性感染和出血，无残留结石。30例随访1－10年，25例未见结石复发，5例结石复发并发尿路感染，该方法无因局部低温和肾蒂阻断后肾缺血引起的肾功能损害，无肾缺血性萎缩。     

肾窦内肾盂加肾后下段间切开治疗复杂鹿角形肾结石

目的　提高复杂鹿角形肾结石的手术疗效。方法　分析总结 36例复杂鹿角形肾结石患者行肾窦内肾盂加肾后下段间区切开取石术的临床资料。结果　 36例均取石成功 ,术后康复顺利。随访 32例 ,5例肾盏内残留小结石 (<0 .5cm)。结论　肾窦内肾盂加肾后下段间区切开取石术操作简便 ,对肾脏损伤小 ,效果满意。     

后基段间线肾切开术治疗复杂性肾结石

报告以后基段间线肾切开术治疗复杂性肾结石24例,并对本术式的解剖学基础、手术适应证及注意事项作了简要讨论。认为此种术式可避免损伤肾动脉分支,有效地防止结石残留,需要时可作肾盏成形。     

无萎缩肾切开取石术治疗巨大鹿角形肾结石

目的探讨治疗巨大鹿角形肾结石手术疗效。方法对我科在2000年2月～2007年12月采用无萎缩肾切开取石术治疗巨大鹿角形肾结石13例进行回顾性分析。结果13例患者均取石成功。平均手术时间160min，无需要输血，术后无继发出血和感染等并发症，13例术后3个月复查“B”超、IVU均无结石复发和积液。无肾萎缩。结论无萎缩肾切开取石术治疗巨大鹿角形肾结石疗效满意、安全，取石彻底，并发症少，恢复良好。     

低温下肾蒂阻断肾实质切开取石术治疗复杂性肾结石25例报告

目的：探讨低温下肾蒂阻断肾实质切开取石术在复杂性肾结石治疗中的应用。方法：选择复杂性肾结石患者25例,阻断前静脉注射肌苷2．0g,均采用低温下阻断肾蒂,沿Brodel线作肾实质切开取石术。结果：25例肾蒂阻断17～45min,术中出血150～450ml,手术时间100～160mln,结石残留2例。术后随访6个月～4年,术后肾功能恢复良好。结论：低温肾蒂阻断肾实质切开取石术是治疗复杂性肾结石的重要方法,结石取净率高,并发症少,对肾功能无影响。     

肾下极背侧肾盂肾盏联合切开取石术治疗复杂性肾结石

目的　探讨复杂性肾结石的手术方法。方法　对采用肾下极背侧肾盂肾盏联合切开取石的 85例复杂性肾结石患者的临床资料进行分析。结果　常温下不阻断肾血流 ,平均手术时间 135min ,术中平均出血 2 30mL。取出结石最大 6 .5cm× 4 .0cm×3.5cm ,最多 10 4枚。术后平均住院 14 .5d。术后 3月KUB +IVU复查 ,13例有结石残留 ,数量为 1～ 3枚 ,直径 <1cm。结论　本术式操作简单、出血少 ,显露清楚 ,取石干净 ,对肾功能影响小 ,是治疗复杂性肾结石的理想术式     

原位低温肾动脉阻断下无萎缩性肾实质切开取石术治疗复杂性肾结石

采用原位低温、阻断肾动脉下无萎缩性肾实质切开取石术治疗16例复杂性肾结石,结石全部取出,出血量平均140ml。无严重并发症,受损的肾功能术后均有不同程度改善。本术式具有出血少,取石彻底,安全,及对肾功能影响小的优点。     

肾后段切除取石术(附41例报告)

在９２例尸肾解剖基础上，采用肾后段肾实质切除取石术处理复杂肾结石４１例。手术不需阻断肾蒂，出血少，术野清淅，肾内肾盂和肾盏颈部显露满意，易于取出大结石及各盏小结石。特别适用于巨大鹿角状并多发肾盏结石     

肾盂肾后基段切开加双管造瘘治疗复杂肾结石

目的总结治疗复杂肾结石的临床经验.方法分析1997年11月～2002年10月采用肾盂肾后基段切开加双管造瘘取石治疗复杂肾结石66例的临床资料、疗效和并发症情况.结果术中平均出血约300ml,手术耗时约110min,残留结石3例,无尿瘘、尿路感染和继发出血.结论加双管引流方法具有手术操作简单、易掌握,取石方便,出血少,术后并发症少等优点,是处理复杂肾结石的良好方法.     

镰刀状肾实质切开术治疗复杂性鹿角状肾结石

目的：探讨镰刀状肾实质切开术治疗复杂性鹿角状肾结石的疗效。方法：采用自行设计的镰刀状肾实质切开术治疗复杂性鹿角状肾结石37例。具体方法：分离肾窦内肾盂后，用2-0肠线在肾后唇中下1/3连接处作两排扣锁式缝合肾实质全层，达肾大盏下组开口平面，继续用2-0肠线斜行向中上部作两排扣锁式缝合，斜形向上的肾实质切口经肾大盏中组开口平面达肾大上组开口平面。肾实质切口形状类似镰刀状，沿此切口切开肾实质及肾盂和各组肾，即可取净各肾盏及肾盂内结石。结果：37例均一次取净结石。术中输血21例，平均输血120ml；术后4周KUB IVU复查，手术侧肾脏显影正常，积水减少，无肾盏狭窄及结石残留。结论：镰刀状肾实质切开取石术具有术中出血少、肾功能受损轻、便于一次取净结石等优点，适用于治疗肾内型肾盂复杂性鹿角状肾结石。     

Graft harvest of right posterior segment for living-donor liver transplantation

INTRODUCTION

Right posterior segmental graft (RPSG) is an alternative procedure for living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Although the first case of RPSG was reported in 2001, it has not been disseminated because of the lack of popularity, technical concerns, and surgical difficulties.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A 37-year-old man with primary sclerosing cholangitis. His spouse was the only transplantation candidate, although she was ABO incompatible. Preoperative investigations revealed that left-lobe graft was insufficient for the recipient and that right-lobe graft was accompanied by donor risk. In RPSG, estimated graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR) and estimated ratio of liver remnant were reasonable. In the donor operation, the right hepatic vein (RHV) and demarcation line were confirmed, and intraoperative cholangiography was performed. The cut line was carefully considered based on the demarcation line and RHV. The RPSG was harvested. Actual GRWR was 0.54. Unfortunately, this recipient showed a poor course and outcome after LDLT.

DISCUSSION

Segmental branches of vessels and biliary duct may be not suitable for reconstruction, and surgeons must exercise some ingenuity in the recipient operation. Segmental territory based on inflow and that based on outflow never overlap completely, even in the same segment. The selection of RPSG based only on liver volume may be unfeasible. Liver resection should be carefully considered based on preoperative imaging, and demarcation line and RHV during surgery.

CONCLUSION

RPSG is a useful tool for LDLT. However, detailed studies before surgery and careful consideration during surgery are important for RPSG harvest.     

Dexamethasone bupivacaine versus bupivacaine for peribulbar block in posterior segment eye surgery

AimThe study conducted aims to assess the efficacy, time to first analgesic request, and postoperative inflammatory response after adding dexamethasone to local anesthetic mixture for a peribulbar block in posterior segment eye surgery.Patients and methodsA double-blind randomized study was carried out on 50 ASA I and II patients scheduled for elective posterior segment surgery (vitreoretinal). Patients were allocated randomly into two groups, 25 patients in each group. Group I received equal volumes of 10 ml of a l:1 mixture of bupivacaine 0.5% and saline, supplemented with 4 mg dexamethasone in 1 ml saline and group II received the same local anesthetic mixture (total volume 10 ml) without adding dexamethasone. The duration and onset of motor block, time to first analgesic request, postoperative inflammatory response, and other side effects such as nausea and vomiting were assessed.ResultsPatients receiving peribulbar block were significantly pain free by end of surgery (0 h) (P < 0.05) and throughout the postoperative period in the dexamethasone group at 2 and 6 h postoperatively. The number of patients requiring rescue analgesics was significantly lower with dexamethasone bupivacaine block (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly less in the first group (I) in comparison to the other group (II) (P < 0.05) and lastly the level of C reactive protein postoperatively was found to be significantly less in the dexamethasone group than the other one (P < 0.0001).ConclusionAdding dexamethasone to bupivacaine in peribulbar block appears to be a safe and clinically superior adjuvant with less postoperative pain, inflammatory response in patients undergoing posterior segment eye surgery.     

肾窦内肾盂及肾后唇实质弧形切开取石术治疗复杂性鹿角形肾结石

目的 探讨肾窦内肾盂及肾后唇实质弧形切开取石术治疗复杂性鹿角形肾结石的疗效。方法 采用自行设计的肾窦内肾盂及肾后唇中下1／3肾实质弧形切开取石术治疗复杂性鹿角形肾结石86例97侧；右侧42例，左侧33例，双侧11例。合并输尿管结石17例，肾上盏、中盏和（或）多发性肾结石54例。肾功能不全25例，BUN12．3～76．0mmol／L，Scr 231～1721μmol／L。术中游离肾窦内肾盂后，2-0可吸收线在肾后唇中下1／3肾实质交界处作两排链扣式缝合肾实质全层，达肾下盏大组开口平面后继续弧形向上部作两排链扣式缝合，经肾中盏大组至其开口平面。沿此切口切开肾实质和肾盂及下中肾盏，边切边缝，用肾盂拉钩拉开肾实质即可取净肾盂、肾盏内结石。结果 86例97侧均一次取净结石。手术时间105～187min、平均129min。术中出血量120～460ml，平均220ml。43例输血．输血量120～200ml，平均140ml。术后1个月复查B超和KUB加IVU未几几残留结石，肾积水减轻，肾盏颈无狭窄。结论 肾窦内肾盂及肾后唇实质弧形切开取石术具有操作简单、安全，术野清晰，出血少，对肾损伤轻，一次性取净肾结石等优点，是治疗复杂性鹿角形肾结石较为理想的方法。     

年龄及融合术式与腰椎后路融合术后邻近节段退变性疾病再手术的关系

目的:探讨患者初次手术时年龄及融合术式与腰椎后路融合术后邻近节段退变性疾病再手术的关系。方法:从2013年3月～2017年3月在我院脊柱外科接受腰椎后路融合术治疗的患者中,选取腰椎后路融合术后发生邻近节段退变性疾病且再次进行手术治疗的113例患者作为再手术组,初次手术时年龄49～79岁(56.4±2.1岁),其中接受后路椎体间融合术(PLIF)67例,后外侧腰椎融合术(PLF)23例,经椎间孔椎体间融合术(TLIF)21例;随访时间9～42个月(24.6±1.1个月)。同时,匹配226例腰椎后路融合术后未发生邻近节段退变性疾病的患者作为对照组,初次手术时年龄46～82岁(57.1±1.1岁),其中接受PLIF 97例,PLF 45例,TLIF84例,随访时间为9～48个月(24.9±0.6个月)。对两组患者接受融合术前和末次随访时(2017年12月)进行腰痛VAS和腰椎JOA评分。应用卡方检验、t检验比较两组患者的初次手术时年龄、性别分布、婚姻情况、文化程度、体质指数(BMI)、融合术式、融合节段个数、椎板是否切除及是否悬浮固定的分布差异,利用Logistic回归分析初次手术时年龄及融合术式与腰椎后路融合术后邻近节段退变性疾病再手术的关系。结果:单因素分析结果显示,两组间性别分布、婚姻情况、文化程度、BMI的差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但初次手术时年龄、融合术式、融合节段个数、椎板是否切除及是否悬浮固定的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,两组患者的年龄分布差异有统计学意义,其OR值为1.23,95%CI为1.12～3.56;两组患者接受PLF、TLIF对比接受PLIF的分布的差异有统计学意义,其OR值及95%CI分别为0.76(0.34～0.89)、0.68(0.25～0.82)。调整融合术式、融合节段个数、椎板是否切除及是否悬浮固定等变量后,初次手术时年龄≥60岁对比60岁的患者,a OR值为2.54,95%CI为1.23～3.56;调整年龄、融合节段个数、椎板是否切除及是否悬浮固定等变量后,接受PLF、TLIF的患者对比接受PLIF的患者,融合术后发生邻近节段退变性疾病需要再次手术的风险均明显降低,其a OR值及95%CI分别为0.54(0.42～0.77)、0.47(0.34～0.83)。再手术组和对照组末次随访时的腰痛VAS评分、腰椎JOA评分与术前比较均有统计学差异(P0.05),且再手术组末次随访时腰痛VAS评分和腰椎JOA评分均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:接受腰椎后路融合术治疗的患者年龄越大,术后发生邻近节段退变性疾病需要再次接受手术治疗的可能性也越大。同时,接受PILF比PLF、TLIF更可能导致术后邻近节段退变性疾病再手术。     

Surgical outcomes of additional posterior lumbar interbody fusion for adjacent segment disease after single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion

Purpose

Adjacent segment disease (ASD) is an increasing problematic complication following lumbar fusion surgeries. ASD requires appropriate treatment, although there are only few reports on surgery for ASD. This study aimed to clarify surgical outcomes of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) for ASD.

Methods

Medical charts of 18 patients who underwent the second (repeat) PLIF for ASD were retrospectively investigated (average follow-up, 40 [27–66] months). Modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and Whitecloud classification were used as outcome measures.

Results

Mean modified JOA score improved from 7.7 just before repeat PLIF to 11.4 at maximum recovery and declined to 10.2 at final follow-up. Mean recovery rate of modified JOA score was 52.9 % at maximum recovery and 31.6 % at final follow-up. According to Whitecloud classification, 17 patients (94 %) were excellent or good and only 1 was fair at maximum recovery, whereas 10 (56 %) were excellent or good, 6 were fair, and 2 were poor at final follow-up. Eight patients (44 %) deteriorated again because of recurrent ASD. Two poor patients underwent a third PLIF.

Conclusion

PLIF is effective for ASD after PLIF in the short term, although it tends to lead to a high incidence of recurrent ASD.     

Ultracal-30 gypsum artificial stones for research on the mechanisms of stone breakage in shock wave lithotripsy

Artificial stones are used in research on the mechanisms of stone breakage in shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and in assessing lithotripter performance. We have adopted Ultracal-30 gypsum as a model, finding it suitable for SWL studies in vitro, acute animal experiments in which stones are implanted in the kidney, and as a target to compare the in vitro performance of intracorporeal lithotripters. Here we describe the preparation of U-30 stones, their material properties, shock wave (SW) breakage characteristics, and methods used for quantitation of stone fragmentation with this model. Ultracal-30 gypsum cement was mixed 1:1 with water, cast in plastic multi-well plates, then, the stones were liberated by dissolving the plastic with chloroform and stored under water. Stone breakage in SWL was assessed by several methods including measures of the increase in projected surface area of SW-treated stones. Breakage of hydrated stones showed a linear increase in fragment area with increased SW-number and SW-voltage. Stones stored in water for an extended time showed reduced fragility. Dried stones could be rehydrated so that breakage was not different from stones that had never been dry, but stones rehydrated for less than 96 h showed increased fragility to SWs. The physical properties of U-30 stones place them in the range reported for natural stones. U-30 stones in vitro and in vivo showed equivalent response to SW-rate, with ~200% greater fragmentation at 30 SW/min compared to 120 SW/min, suggesting that the mechanisms of SW action are similar under both conditions. U-30 stones provide a convenient, reproducible model for SWL research.