6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对心脏瓣膜置换术患者黏附分子表达的影响

目的观察体外循环（CPB）中使用6％羟乙基淀粉130／0．4（6％HES130／0．4）对心脏瓣膜置换术患者细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）、血管细胞黏附分子-1（VCAM-1）及血小板内皮细胞黏附分子-1（PECAM-1）表达的影响。方法选择心脏二尖瓣瓣膜置换术患者60例,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,随机分为2组,每组30例。6％HES130／0．4组（Ⅴ组）：人工心肺机中预充6％HES130／0．415ml／kg和琥珀酰明胶（Succinyhted Gelatin）对照组（C组）：人工心肺机中预充Succinyhted Gelatin 15ml／kg,两组分别于气管插管后至CPB开始前静脉输注6％HES130／0．4和Succinyhted Gehtin 10ml／kg。麻醉诱导后即刻（T0）、CPB主动脉阻断开放时（T1）、CPB结束时（T2）和手术结束时（T3）分别抽取外周动脉血,分离血清。检测血清中游离黏附分子（sAM）：sICAM-1、sVCAM-1及sPECAM-1）的含量。结果与C组比较,Ⅴ组T0、T1时血清sICAM-1、sVCAM-1及sPECAM-1的含量差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;T2、T3时血清sICAM-1、sVCAM-1、sPECAM-1的含量明显减少（P〈0．05）。结论CPB中应用6％HES130／0．4可明显抑制外周血AM的表达,从而减轻CPB触发的炎性反应。     

体外循环旁路洗入七氟醚对冠状动脉旁路移植术患者心肌损伤的影响

目的 评价体外循环(CPB)旁路洗入七氟醚对冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)患者心肌损伤的影响.方法 择期CPB下行CABG的患者40例,年龄50 ～ 64岁,体重53～90 kg,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为2组(n=20):对照组(C组)和七氟醚组(S组).S组于CPB开始即刻通过体外循环机洗入1.0％ ～2.0％七氟醚,持续到CPB结束,C组不给予七氟醚.于麻醉诱导后5 min(T0)、术后6 h(T1)、12 h(T2)及24 h(T3)时采集血样,测定血浆心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)浓度和磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)活性.于主动脉阻断前和CPB结束时取右心耳组织,电镜下观察心肌超微结构,并行心肌细胞线粒体损伤评分.结果 与C组比较,S组T2和T3时血浆cTnI浓度,CPB结束时心肌细胞线粒体损伤评分降低(P＜0.05),血浆CK-MB活性差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).S组心肌病理学损伤较C组减轻.结论 CPB旁路洗入七氟醚可减轻CABG术患者的心肌损伤.     

髓鞘碱性蛋白评价CPB心脏手术患者脑损伤的准确性

目的 探讨髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)评价CPB心脏手术患者脑损伤的准确性.方法 拟行CPB辅助下冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者32例,性别不限,年龄59～76岁,体重52～72 kg,身高150～175 cm,ASA分级Ⅱ～Ⅳ级,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分(NIHSS评分)≤9分.分别于CPB前(T0)、CPB 30 mim(T1)、结束即刻(T2)、结束后1 h(T3)、6 h(T4)、24 h(T5)时取颈内静脉血样,测定血浆MBP浓度,记录手术时间、CPB时间、主动脉阻断时间.术后第2天行NIHSS评分,根据评分结果将患者分为3组,A组:无明显神经功能损伤,NIHSS评分0～9分;B组:轻度神经功能损伤,NIHSS评分10～19分;C组:中、重度神经功能损伤,NIHSS评分20～45分.结果 与正常上限值(2.3μg/L)比较,A组Tl～T3、T5时血浆MBP浓度降低(P＜0.01),T4时差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),B组T3～T5时、C组T2～T5时血浆MBP浓度升高(P＜0.01).与T4时比较,T0～T3时B组和C组血浆MBP浓度降低,T5时B组降低,C组升高(P＜0.01);与A组比较,B组T3～T5时、C组Tl～T5时血浆MBP浓度升高(P＜0.01);与B组比较,C组Tl～T5时血浆MBP浓度升高(P＜0.01);T5时血浆MBP浓度与CPB时间呈正相关(相关系数为0.62,P＜0.05),Tl、T2和T5时血浆MBP浓度与NIHSS评分呈正相关(相关系数分别为0.70、0.79、0.87,P＜0.05).结论 血液MBP可及早、准确地判断CPB心脏手术患者的脑损伤及其程度.     

乌司他丁对体外循环心内直视手术婴儿围术期肾功能的影响

目的 评价乌司他丁对体外循环心内直视手术婴儿围术期肾功能的影响.方法 择期拟行心内直视手术的室间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压婴儿40例,月龄3～5月,体重5.3～6.8kg,ASA分级Ⅱ级,性别不限.随机分为2组(n=20):对照组(C组)和乌司他丁组(U组).U组将乌司他丁20 000 U/kg溶于20 ml生理盐水中,颈内静脉注射1/3量,体外循环开始时和主动脉开放即刻预充液中各充入1/3量;C组用生理盐水替代.分别于切皮前30 min(T1)、主动脉阻断前5 min(T2)、主动脉开放后5 min(T3)、术毕(T4)、术后24 h(T5)和48 h(T6)时,留取新鲜尿液,并采集颈内静脉血样,测定尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)浓度和N-乙酞-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)活性、血清Cr和BUN的浓度.结果 两组血清BUN和Cr浓度组内和组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与T1时比较,两组T2-6时尿NAG活性和β2-MG浓度升高(P＜0.05);与C组比较,U组T3-5时尿NAG活性和β2-MG浓度降低(P＜0.05).结论 乌司他丁可保护体外循环心内直视手术婴儿围术期的肾功能.     

High colloid oncotic pressure priming of cardiopulmonary bypass in neonates and infants: implications on haemofiltration, weight gain and renal function

Objective: To evaluate the influence of high colloid oncotic pressure (COP) priming of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on fluid balances, haemofiltration, capillary leakage and renal function in neonates and infants. Methods: Twenty neonates or infants underwent heart surgery using CPB and were randomised in two groups. For group 1 (FFP-group) a blood priming with fresh frozen plasma (FFP, low oncotic pressure) was chosen, for group 2 (HA-group) a blood priming containing FFP and human albumin 20% (HA) to realise higher oncotic pressures was substituted. All patients were monitored before, during and 6h after CPB. We measured weights, fluid balances, transfusion volumes, colloid oncotic pressures, inflammatory parameters (c-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, thrombocytes, leucocytes) and renal function (creatinine clearances, renal protein losses). Results: Patient's demographics and operational procedures were comparable in both groups with no further differences in operation procedures regarding palliation or correction. Colloid oncotic pressures of the priming solutions were higher in the HA-group (28mmHg+/-4.9) than in the FFP-group (6mmHg+/-1.3, p<0.001). Relative weight gain as a marker of capillary leakage in the HA-group (2%+/-4.5) was significantly lower 6h post CPB than in the FFP-group (8%+/-8.0, p=0.015). Haemofiltration rates were higher in the HA-group (569ml+/-197 vs 282ml+/-157, p=0.002) on CPB. There were no differences of creatinine clearances 6h after the end of CPB. Renal protein losses were elevated in both groups without any inter-group differences during and 6h after CPB. Conclusion: Addition of concentrated human albumin to priming fluids in paediatric cardiac surgery leads to less weight gain even after CPB. Supplementing paediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery with concentrated human albumin does not affect renal function more severely than in paediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery on CPB with blood priming.     

乌司他丁后处理及其联合预先给药对CPB下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌炎性反应的影响

目的 评价乌司他丁后处理及其联合预先给药对CPB下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌炎性反应的影响.方法 择期行CPB下心脏瓣膜置换术患者80例,性别不限,年龄21～59岁,心功能分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级.采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为4组(n=20):生理盐水对照组(C组)、乌司他丁预先给药组(U1组)、乌司他丁后处理组(U2组)和乌司他丁预先给药联合后处理组(U3组).U1组于气管插管后至升主动脉阻断前10 min经中心静脉输注乌司他丁500～ 1000 U·kg-1·min-(剂量20 000U/kg);U2组于主动脉开放前5～7 min经主动脉根部灌注乌司他丁4000～5000 U·kg-1·min-1(剂量10 000 U/kg);U3组进行乌司他丁预先给药联合后处理;C组给予等容量生理盐水.分别于升主动脉阻断前10 min(T1)、升主动脉阻断后40 min(T2)、主动脉开放后45 min(T3)和术毕(T4)时采集动脉血样,测定血浆IL- 10、IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α的浓度,并进行中性粒细胞(PMN)计数.于主动脉开放后45min时取右心耳组织,采用免疫组化法测定IL-6和IL-1β的表达.结果 与C组比较,U1组、U2组和U3组血浆IL-10浓度升高,血浆IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α的浓度和PMN计数降低,心肌组织IL-1β和IL-6表达下调(P＜ 0.05);与U1组和U2组比较,U3组T2-4时血浆IL-10浓度升高,血浆IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α的浓度和PMN计数降低,心肌组织IL-1β和IL-6表达下调(P＜0.05).结论 乌司他丁后处理可抑制CPB下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌炎性反应,联合预先给药时其效应增强.     

The Effect of HES (130/0.4) Usage as the Priming Solution on Renal Function in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Background: Experience with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) in children is limited. This study was conducted to observe the effects of HES or Ringer’s lactate (RL) usage as the priming solution on renal functions in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: After ethical committee approval and parent informed consent, 24 patients were included in this prospective, randomized study. During cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), Group I received RL and Group II received HES (130/0.4) as priming solution. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), β2-microglobulin, cystatin C, and urinary albumin and creatinine, serum, and urine electrolytes were analyzed after the induction (T1), before CPB (T2), during CPB (T3), after CPB (T4), at the end of the operation (T5), on 24th hour (T6), and on 48th hour postoperatively (T7). Fractional sodium excretion (FENa), urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, and creatinine clearance were calculated. Drainage, urine output, inotropes, diuretics, and blood requirements were recorded. Results: In both the groups, β2-microglobulin was decreased during CPB and cystatin C was decreased at T3,T4, and T5 periods (p < 0.05) and the levels remained within the normal range. Creatinine clearance did not differ in the HES group, but increased in the RL group (p < 0.05). Urine albumin/creatinine ratio was increased (p < 0.05) after CPB in the HES group, and it increased at T3, T4, and T5 in the RL group (p < 0.05). There were no differences in cystatin C, β2-microglobulin, FENa, urine albumin/creatinine ratio, creatinine clearance, total fluid amount, urine output, drainage, and inotropic and diuretic requirements between the groups. Conclusion: We conclude that usage of HES (130/0.4) did not have negative effects on renal function, and it can be used as a priming solution in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery.     

Cardioprotective effects of carnitine in extensive aortocoronary bypass grafting: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial

The cardioprotective effects of carnitine were tested in patients undergoing multiple aortocoronary bypass grafting. Intermittent aortic cross-clamping at 28 degrees C was used. Mean total cross-clamping time was 30 +/- 11 min. Patients were randomized into three groups: a control group receiving placebo (group 1), a group pretreated with 3 g carnitine intravenously before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (group 2), and a group pretreated with 6 g carnitine intravenously (group 3). The markers of myocardial ischemia included levels of adenosine triphosphate, its catabolites, and creatine phosphate in transmural left ventricular biopsy specimens taken at the beginning and end of CPB, as well as hemodynamic recovery during weaning from CPB and for the next 24 h. The intravenous infusion of carnitine (3 or 6 g) had no hemodynamic effect. At the end of CPB myocardial tissue levels of adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate did not differ significantly among the groups (P greater than 0.05). Recovery of cardiac function during weaning from CPB and for the following 24 h was similar in all three groups (P greater than 0.05). It is concluded that pretreatment with carnitine neither facilitates weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery nor favorably affects hemodynamic function during the next 24 h.     

心脏直视手术患儿主动脉开放前低钙血症对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨心脏直视手术患儿主动脉开放前低钙血症对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 选择拟在体外循环下行房缺或室缺修补术患儿50例,年龄6月～4.5岁,体重5～15 kg,根据主动脉开放前血浆离子钙浓度,将患儿分为低钙组(＜1.0 mmol/L)和常钙组(≥I.0 mmol/L),观察2组患儿心脏复跳情况.分别于CPB前、停CPB后即刻、停CPB后12 h时抽取桡动脉血1.5 ml,测定血浆离子钙浓度和动脉血气;于上述时点同时抽取中心静脉血3 ml,测定血浆肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)浓度.结果 在主动脉开放前患儿低钙血症发生率为72%,低钙组较常钙组患儿年龄小,体重轻(P＜0.05),而心脏复跳时间、室颤率、辅助循环时间、拔除气管导管时间、ICU监护时间和血浆cTnI浓度两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 体外循环心脏直视手术患儿主动脉开放前低钙血症对心肌缺血再灌注损伤无影响.     

羟乙基淀粉200/0.5和羟乙基淀粉130/0.4术前急性高容量血液稀释对结肠癌根治术患者血液流变学的影响

目的 评价6%羟乙基淀粉(HES)200/0.5和6%HES 130/0.4术前急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)对结肠癌根治术患者血液流变学的影响.方法 择期在全麻下行结肠癌根治术患者40例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为2组(n=20),麻醉诱导期间于30 min内静脉输注15 ml/kg HES 200/0.5(Ⅰ组)或HES 130/0.4(Ⅱ组),AHH结束后开始手术.分别于麻醉诱导前(基础状态,T0)、AHH后即刻(T1)、AHH结束后1 h(T2)和术后1 h(T3)时抽取静脉血样,检测全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数、血小板聚集指数和红细胞压积(Hct).结果 与T0时比较,Ⅰ组T1时全血低切粘度和红细胞聚集指数降低,T1-3时全血中切粘度、全血高切粘度、血浆粘度、血小板聚集指数和Hct降低,Ⅱ组T1-3时全血低切粘度、全血中切粘度、全血高切粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数和Hct降低(P<0.05);与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组T2,3时全血低切粘度和红细胞聚集指数降低,T1-3时血小板聚集指数升高(P<0.05).结论 6%HES 200/0.5与6%HES 130/0.4(15 ml/kg)术前AHH均能改善结肠癌根治术患者围术期血液流变学,其中6% HES 130/0.4的效果较好.