Lacrimal drainage obstruction by Ascaris lumbricoides

Lacrimal drainage obstruction by Ascaris lumbricoides is extremely rare and only few cases have been documented. We report an additional case from the Democratic Republic of Congo.     

Lacrimal drainage capacity and symptomatic improvement after dacryocystorhinostomy in adults presenting with patent lacrimal drainage systems

AIM. To determine the rate of symptomatic improvement after dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) in patients with epiphora and insignificant obstruction to preoperative lacrimal syringing, and to measure the conductance of the postoperative lacrimal drainage anastomosis. METHODS. Retrospective cohort study of patients with symptomatic epiphora and patent tear ducts, with at least two-year follow-up after DCR. Patients underwent structured telephone interview together with clinical examination for lacrimal drainage capacity using the saline drop test.(1) RESULTS. Thirty-seven of 383 adult patients having had DCR were noted to have patent tear ducts at preoperative examination. Ten patients with previous surgery were excluded and two other patients were excluded because of other factors contributory to epiphora. Of the remaining 25 patients, 22 (aged 35-75 years at surgery; median 56 years) underwent a structured telephone interview: Of the 13 (60%) who felt that symptoms had improved, 9 (41%) were relieved of indoor epiphora and 11 (50%) thought the procedure was an overall success. Seventeen patients underwent clinical examination. The lacrimal drainage anastomosis was patent in all patients and the saline drop test result was well within the normal range in 3/4 patients who had persistent indoor epiphora. CONCLUSION. Of patients with epiphora due to minor nasolacrimal duct stenosis, open DCR produces a marked improvement or cure of symptoms in 50%. The lacrimal drainage capacity was well within the normal range in 3/4 patients with persistent postoperative lacrimal symptoms, suggesting that other factors (such as hypersecretion) may be significant in this group of patients with 'functional block'.     

Lacrimal drainage obstruction from lacrimal sac infiltration by lymphocytic neoplasia

In two patients, a 52-year-old woman with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and a 71-year-old woman with malignant lymphoma, lymphocytic neoplasia infiltrated the lacrimal sac, obstructed the lacrimal drainage system, and resulted in acute or chronic dacryocystitis. The prognosis of lymphocytic neoplasia is sufficiently good that definitive treatment is usually warranted. Both patients benefitted from dacryocystorhinostomy with placement of silicone tubing in concert with management of the neoplasia and hemoglobin level.     

泪囊鼻腔吻合术后再阻塞的支架植入治疗

目的:评价鼻泪管支架植入术在治疗泪囊鼻腔吻合术后再阻塞的应用价值。方法:对17例(17眼)泪囊鼻腔吻合术后阻塞患者行鼻泪管支架植入术,经逆行扩张鼻泪道后植入特制的鼻泪管支架,并于术前、术后行数字减影泪道造影检查。结果:17眼中15眼成功植入了支架,手术成功率为88%。成功植入支架的患者术后随访12～36(平均24.6)mo,有效率为100%。无严重并发症发生。结论:鼻泪管支架植入术治疗泪囊鼻腔吻合术后阻塞具有良好的效果,值得推广。     

Lacrimal intubation during dacryocystorhinostomy utilizing the STENTube

The traditional use of the Crawford tube for lacrimal intubation during dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) carries several drawbacks. We describe the use of the STENTube for DCR intubation and detail its advantages. Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series; 313 patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) underwent 339 DCRs (216 external, 123 endonasal) with the STENTube from January 2007 – June 2013 by 5 surgeons (RS, QN, TS, SB, TN) across 3 institutions (SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Texas Oculoplastics Consultants, and Moorfields Eye Hospital). Study outcome measures included patient demographics, surgical complications, and epiphora improvement/resolution. 206 (66%) females and 107 (34%) males had a mean age of 63 years (range 2–94 years). Distribution of diagnoses included: 314 complete idiopathic acquired NLDO, 20 partial idiopathic acquired NLDO, and 5 congenital complete NLDO. 316 (93%) were primary DCRs and 23 (7%) were revisions. Epiphora improved in 312 (92%) cases with 294 (86%) experiencing resolution with patent lacrimal irrigation at a mean last follow-up of 9.4 months. Twenty-eight (8%) patients experienced surgical complications with 16 (5%) experiencing tube prolapse, and 20 (6%) requiring re-operation. The STENTube represents a simple method for lacrimal intubation during external or endonasal DCR at a comparable cost to the Crawford tube. It allows for low prolapse rates without the need for additional endonasal fixation procedures, resulting in a simple and comfortable post-operative extraction without risk of lacrimal trauma. The STENTube is our preferred intubation technique during DCR, and should be considered by oculofacial surgeons performing DCR with intubation.     

下泪道逆行植入硅胶管与鼻腔泪囊吻合术治疗鼻泪管阻塞的临床对照研究

目的:评价下泪道逆行植入硅胶管术与鼻腔泪囊吻合术临床效果的优劣,探讨下泪道逆行植入硅胶管术的临床应用价值.方法:对照观察下泪道逆行植入硅胶管术与鼻腔泪囊吻合术术后疗效、手术操作时间及术中术后并发症.结果:下泪道逆行植入硅胶管术与鼻腔泪囊吻合术两组病例术后疗效经卡方检验无显著性差异(P=0.757),下泪道逆行植入硅胶管手术操作时间显著小于鼻腔泪囊吻合术(P＜0.001),且术中术后并发症少.结论:下泪道逆行植入硅胶管术与鼻腔泪囊吻合术临床效果相近,而且操作简便,手术创伤小,是一种安全有效的手术方法,值得临床上推广.     

Lacrimal drainage surgery in Wegener's granulomatosis

AIM: To examine the results of open lacrimal surgery in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis who underwent lacrimal surgery over a 17 year period. RESULTS: 11 patients were identified and a total of 14 primary dacryocystorhinostomies (DCR) and one revisional DCR were performed; symptomatic relief was achieved in 13/14 operations and one patient required revisional surgery for persistent symptoms. There were no intraoperative and few postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast with some previous reports, open DCR appears to be a safe procedure and it is recommended as a treatment for lacrimal obstruction in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, but an increase of perioperative immunosuppression is recommended in certain cases.     

Lacrimal drainage anomalies in mandibulofacial dysostosis

Seven patients who had the complete form of mandibulofacial dysostosis were examined to determine the prevalence of nasolacrimal abnormalities. Bilateral inferior punctal atresia (and, by implication, accompanying inferior canalicular atresia) was identified in all seven patients; a 95% confidence interval for the true underlying rate of this finding in mandibulofacial dysostosis is 59% to 100%. Lacrimal surgery was required in only one patient who had coexistent bilateral nasolacrimal duct obstruction and chronic dacryocystitis and who responded well to bilateral dacryocystorhinostomy.     

Lacrimal canalicular obstruction in lichen planus

PURPOSE To report, for the first time, proximal canalicular obstruction in all four canaliculi of a patient with lichen planus. METHODS The patient file and examination findings were reviewed, along with relevant literature on lichen planus and the eye. RESULTS A 67-year-old woman with lichen planus had bilateral epiphora. All four canaliculi were totally obstructed within 2-3 mm of the puncta, and there was mild medial subconjunctival scarring. CONCLUSIONS Lichen planus is an immune-mediated skin and mucosal disease similar to pemphigoid and lacrimal canalicular obstruction may occur as part of the disease.     

Lacrimal canalicular obstruction in lichen planus

PURPOSE: To report, for the first time, proximal canalicular obstruction in all four canaliculi of a patient with lichen planus. METHODS: The patient file and examination findings were reviewed, along with relevant literature on lichen planus and the eye. RESULTS: A 67-year-old woman with lichen planus had bilateral epiphora. All four canaliculi were totally obstructed within 2-3 mm of the puncta, and there was mild medial subconjunctival scarring. CONCLUSIONS: Lichen planus is an immune-mediated skin and mucosal disease similar to pemphigoid and lacrimal canalicular obstruction may occur as part of the disease.     

Ritleng泪道插管术在儿童泪道手术中的应用

目的 探讨Ritleng泪道插管手术治疗儿童先天性泪道阻塞的疗效与并发症.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.2006年2月至2007年3月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院眼科对148例(187只眼)常规施行泪道探通手术无效的先天性泪道阻塞患儿采用口服水合氯醛后局部麻醉下Ritleng泪道插管手术治疗.患儿年龄范围是5～40个月.对该方法治疗流泪等症状、恢复泪道排泄功能的疗效及术中出血或水肿、术后硅胶管脱出等并发症进行分析.随访时间为术后4～17个月.结果 术后1～3 d,157只眼(84.0%)流泪症状消失.术后3或6个月,187只眼均顺利拔管.其中178只眼(95.2%)治愈,7只眼(3.7%)好转,2只眼(1.1%)无效;46例(52只眼)5个月龄的患儿行泪道插管手术1个月后泪道排泄功能全部恢复正常.术中并发症包括鼻腔少量出血9只眼,泪小管水肿者9只眼.术后8只眼(4.3%)出现硅胶管脱出.结论 Ritleng泪道插管手术是一种便捷、安全的儿童泪道手术,可用于儿童先天性泪道阻塞的早期手术治疗.     

Lacrimal duct obstruction in newborn infants

Presented is the personal experience concerning the early opening of the occluded lacrimal passages. In 149 newborn babies 4-5 days of age the author performed--according to indications--the syringing and probing of the lacrimal passages with a full success.     

Ritleng泪道插管术治疗儿童复杂性难治性泪道阻塞的效果观察

目的评价Ritleng泪道插管术治疗儿童复杂难治性泪道阻塞的效果。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象有一次以上泪道探通史或先天性泪点缺如、外伤等复杂泪道阻塞病例73例（92眼）,患儿年龄3个月～13岁,平均3岁7个月。方法所有病例采用全身麻醉下泪道疏通或泪道重建联合Ritleng泪道插管手术治疗,根据病情于术后3~12个月拔管。术后随访5～18个月。拔除泪道硅胶管后,泪道冲洗通畅且无症状为治愈,泪道冲洗通畅但有一定阻力且偶有流泪为好转,泪道冲洗不通畅为无效,拔管后2个月以上再次出现流泪、冲洗泪道不通畅为复发。主要指标治愈、好转、无效、复发的人数及百分比。结果 79眼（85.9%）成功置U型内置管;7眼（7.6%）置单侧环形外置管,均为泪道严重狭窄或闭锁;6眼（6.5%）置管未成功,均为骨性泪道狭窄或无骨性泪道。术后1周症状体征完全消失60眼（65.3%）;拔管后2个月,治愈67眼（72.8%）,好转16眼（17.4%）,无效9眼（9.8%）,复发2眼（3.3%）。结论 Ritleng泪道插管技术是一种有效的治疗复杂性泪道阻塞的方法。但对于泪道极度狭窄闭锁、骨性狭窄或无骨性泪道的病例,尚不能解决根本问题。     

Lacrimal surgery in children

Of 142 children who underwent major lacrimal surgery (160 dacryocystorhinostomies, one congenital fistula excision, one dacryocystectomy, and one canaliculostomy), 49 had congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (34%). Lacrimal obstruction was also associated with canaliculitis, punctal agenesis, trauma, congenital fistula, dacryocystitis, craniofacial defects, and functional eyelid abnormalities. Although the timing and technique of the surgery varied according to the abnormalities, an overall functional success rate of 90% (144 of 160 procedures) was achieved.     

泪道激光术后联合泪道引流管环形置入术治疗慢性泪囊炎及泪道阻塞

目的评价泪道激光术后联合泪道引流管环形置入术治疗慢性泪囊炎及泪道阻塞的疗效。方法对86例113眼慢性泪囊炎及泪道阻塞患者进行"泪道激光术后联合泪道引流管环形置入术"治疗。结果术后随访6-12个月,慢性泪囊炎患者58例71眼,鼻泪道阻塞患者28例42眼,治愈91只眼,占80.5%;好转16只眼,占14.2%;无效6只眼,占5.3%。有效率为94.7%。结论泪道激光术后联合泪道引流管环形置入术具有手术操作简单、无创、手术时间短、术后效果满意的优点,可作为慢性泪囊炎及泪道阻塞的首选治疗方法。     

Lacrimal canalicular obstruction by cysticercus cellulosae

Ocular adnexal infestation in cysticercosis is unusual. A case of lacrimal canalicular obstruction by cysticercus cellulosae in a 35-year-old female is reported. The diagnosis was established by histopathological examination of the cyst, surgically removed from the above patient with a suspected benign neoplasm in the lacrimal passage. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of lacrimal canalicular obstruction by cysticercus cellulosae.     

Lacrimal silicone intubation for anatomically successful but functionally failed external dacryocystorhinostomy

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of lacrimal silicone intubation for the management of epiphora in patients who have previously undergone anatomically successful dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). METHODS: The authors recruited 13 patients (4 male, 9 female) who had persistent epiphora after an anatomically successful primary external DCR and conducted lacrimal silicone intubation through the dacryocystorhinostomy site. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 54.2 years (range 42-80) and mean follow-up was 13.8 months (range 6-30). Epiphora was resolved in all 13 patients following silicone intubation. Spontaneous tube extrusion occurred in three patients, but a new one was easily reintubated. CONCLUSIONS: Lacrimal silicone intubation is a simple safe and effective procedure for patients with epiphora even after anatomically successful DCR.