loop或loop in loop技术腱索重建加二尖瓣成形环置入术治疗二尖瓣关闭不全

目的探讨loop或loop in loop技术腱索重建和二尖瓣成形环置入术治疗二尖瓣关闭不全的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析自2015年9月至2016年1月青岛大学附属医院心外科收治的8例二尖瓣关闭不全患者。其中,男性7例,女性1例;年龄(58.15±4.2)岁,SBE前叶腱索断裂导致关闭不全1例,心脏占位累及前叶腱索断裂导致关闭不全1例,单纯腱索断裂导致关闭不全4例,腱索延长导致关闭不全2例。术前超声心动图(TEE)显示:根据Carpentier标准,前叶脱垂5例,后叶脱垂1例,前叶合并后叶脱垂2例。二尖瓣重度关闭不全5例,中到重度关闭不全2例,中度关闭不全1例。术前射血分数(EF)平均(58.83%±2.9%),左心室舒张末直径(LVDD)平均(52.9±1.5)mm,左心房直径(LAD)平均(50.6±1.7)mm。所有患者均经胸正中切口,平均体外循环时间(123±11.7)min,平均主动脉阻断时间(106±9.5)min。4例患者置入Duran成形环,4例患者置入Edwards PhysioⅡ成形环,7例患者同时行三尖瓣成形术,1例患者同时行三尖瓣置换术。同时行冠状动脉搭桥术1例,主动脉瓣置换术1例。结果术后无患者死亡,无恶性心律失常及其他严重并发症。术后复查TEE显示,微量反流6例,未见反流2例。术后EF平均(58.13%±2.9%),未见明显改变。LVDD平均(46.7±1.5)mm,LAD平均(42.9±1.1)mm,均较术前明显改善。随访1~3个月,均为微量反流。结论 loop或loop in loop技术腱索重建和二尖瓣成形环置入术治疗二尖瓣脱垂近、中期效果确切。loop技术虽然可以比较容易锚定瓣叶的脱垂区域,但是一旦长度不合适,很难拆除,相比而言,loop in loop技术可以在术中非常容易地调整人工腱索的长度。因此,loop in loop技术比loop技术更加值得推广。     

Hemodynamic aspects of mitral regurgitation assessed by generalized phase-contrast MRI

Purpose:

To investigate the utility of MRI measurement of left atrial (LA) flow patterns and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in patients with clinically significant mitral regurgitation.

Materials and Methods:

Three‐dimensional cine phase‐contrast MRI (PC‐MRI) data were acquired in five patients with posterior mitral leaflet prolapse and two normal volunteers. LA flow patterns were assessed using particle trace visualization. Specifically, vortices were recognized by closed streamlines. LA flow distortion was assessed by estimation of TKE. In addition, the regurgitant volume was measured.

Results:

Four of the mitral regurgitation patients had eccentric regurgitant jets directed toward the septum; one patient had a central jet. The dominant systolic vortex was located in proximity to the regurgitant jet. The LA flow was highly disturbed with elevated values of TKE; peak LA TKE ranged from 13 to 37 mJ and occurred consistently at late systole. The average LA TKE per cardiac cycle was significantly related to the regurgitant volume (TKE = 0.573 + 0.179·RegVol, R² = 0.983).

Conclusion:

MRI permits investigations of atrial flow patterns and TKE in significant mitral regurgitation. The degree of LA flow distortion, as measured by the average LA TKE over one cardiac cycle, appears to reflect the severity of regurgitation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:582–588. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

中老年二尖瓣脱垂和腱索断裂患者的超声心动图分析

目的:比较中老年二尖瓣脱垂和二尖瓣腱索断裂患者的超声心动图像。方法:通过超声心动图检查对54例中老年二尖瓣脱垂和二尖瓣腱索断裂患者的心脏结构和功能进行分析。结果:二尖瓣脱垂组中性别无明显差异,前后叶无明显差异,二尖瓣返流以中度为主(73.1%);二尖瓣腱索断裂组中,男性(67.9%)多于女性(32.1%),腱索断裂后叶(60.7%)多于前叶(39.3%),二尖瓣返流以中重度为主(92.9%);心脏结构改变腱索断裂组重于脱垂组。结论:中老年患者二尖瓣脱垂和腱索断裂的超声心动图具有明显的特征性。     

Electrocardiography and echocardiography in patients with chest pain and mitral leaflet prolapse

34 patients with catheter verified, haemodynamically trivial mitral leaflet prolapse with chest pain and normal coronary arteries were studied. Nineteen had no auscultatory signs of MLP despite clear catheter or echocardiographic evidence of prolapse. Infero-lateral repolarisation changes on the resting electrocardiogram were present in 29%. 50% had false positive exercise tests. M-mode echocardiography proved diagnostically disappointing but sector scans revealed mitral leaflet prolapse in 62%. The apical 4 chamber acoustic window was markedly superior to the parasternal long axis acoustic window.     

Geometric differences of the mitral valve apparatus in atrial and ventricular functional mitral regurgitation

BackgroundFunctional mitral regurgitation (FMR) occurs in patients with annular dilation (atrial, aFMR) or patients with left ventricular (LV) disease (ventricular, vFMR). Meticulous understanding of the mechanisms underpinning regurgitation is crucial to optimize therapeutic strategies.MethodsPatients with moderate-severe FMR were identified from a registry of patients referred for transcatheter mitral valve intervention. In addition, controls without cardiovascular disease were identified. Differences in the geometry of the LV and mitral valve apparatus (including leaflet and tenting geometry, papillary muscle displacement and movement, annular dimensions, and dynamism) between atrial and ventricular FMR, and control subjects, were assessed using multiphasic cardiac CT.ResultsOf 183 FMR patients, 18 patients (10%) were found to have aFMR. The remaining patients had either ischemic or non-ischemic ventricular FMR. In aFMR, both increasing LV end-systolic volume (rho 0.701, p ?< ?0.01) and left atrial volume (rho 0.909, p ?< ?0.01) were associated with larger annular area. By contrast, in vFMR larger annular area was most strongly associated with larger left atrial volume (rho 0.63, p ?< ?0.01). In controls, increased annular area was associated with larger LVEDV (rho 0.78, p ?< ?0.01) and LVESV (rho 0.824, p ?< ?0.01), but not left atrial size (rho 0.16, p ?= ?0.45).Ventricular FMR comprised apicolaterally displaced, akinetic posteromedial papillary muscles, resulting in pronounced leaflet tethering, leaflet elongation compared to controls, and only modest relative LA dilatation. Compared to vFMR, aFMR was characterised by marked relative annular dilation, smaller but discernible mitral valve tenting, shorter leaflet lengths when related to annular size, but normal papillary geometry.ConclusionFMR is characterised by multiple changes within the mitral valve complex. Atrial and ventricular FMR differ significantly in terms of the drivers of annular size, and geometry and function of the subvalvular apparatus. This highlights the need to consider these as separate disease entities.     

超声引导下急性缺血性左室舒张功能障碍并二尖瓣反流犬模型的构建

 目的 探讨超声引导下急性缺血性左室舒张功能障碍并二尖瓣反流犬模型的构建。方法 (1)二尖瓣反流模型的建立:比格犬15条,经左颈动脉穿刺并送入动脉鞘。在超声引导下,将动脉鞘送入左室,鞘前端置于二尖瓣前叶边缘,经动脉鞘将内镜活体取样钳置于二尖瓣尖下,钳断二尖瓣腱索。经胸心脏超声证实存在二尖瓣反流。(2)急性缺血性左室舒张功能障碍模型的建立:在超声引导下,外撤动脉鞘使其前端置于左冠状动脉窦内,间歇多次注射塑料微球于左冠状动脉窦内,微栓塞冠状动脉,左室舒张末压升高≥5 mmHg定义为建模成功,形成急性缺血性舒张功能不全。结果 (1)15条比格犬制作二尖瓣反流模型全部成功;14条犬形成中度二尖瓣反流,1条比格犬造成重度二尖瓣反流。多普勒频谱测量二尖瓣反流,V max为(483.0 ±1.1) m/s,PG max为(162.7± 1.8) mmHg。(2)15条二尖瓣反流比格犬进行急性缺血左室舒张功能障碍模型构建,成功12条,3条未成功。12条成功模型的左室舒张末压升高、最大左室压力下降速率(-dP/dtmax)降低、左室松弛时间常数(Tau)延长。结论 超声引导下,经颈动脉鞘管送入活检钳钳夹二尖瓣腱索制造二尖瓣反流(MR)、间歇多次注射微球入左冠状动脉窦构建急性缺血性舒张功能障碍比格犬模型,具有操作简便、方法可靠、成功率高等优点。     

二尖瓣脱垂的CT表现

目的了解二尖瓣脱垂的CT表现并探讨CT诊断二尖瓣脱垂的可行性。方法对25例经手术或心脏超声证实的二尖瓣脱垂患者的64层CT心脏图像进行分析。结果所有25例患者均可见收缩期二尖瓣叶突人左心房,并超过瓣环平面2mm。其他CT表现包括瓣叶增厚超过2mm（14例）和腱索断裂（3例）。结论二尖瓣脱垂具有特殊的CT表现,CT能够可靠地诊断二尖瓣脱垂。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of aortic and mitral valve insufficiency. Comparison with Doppler echocardiography and angiocardiography

Fourty-five subjects--10 normal volunteers and 35 patients with valvular insufficiency were examined with MRI and [20 of them with mitral (MI) and 15 with aortic (AI) insufficiency] were evaluated with MR imaging and with Doppler echocardiography (echo-Doppler); 22 of these patients were also studied with angiocardiography. The extent of regurgitation jet was classified as follows: minimal (1+), mild (2+), moderate (3+), and severe (4+), according to the max distance of regurgitant jet signal from valvular leaflets. In our series, MR imaging with FFE sequences always showed the regurgitant jet. High agreement was found between MR and echo-Doppler results (80% for MI, and 86% for AI). In 22 patients who underwent angiocardiography, we observed 73% agreement. Cine-MR imaging proved to be an accurate and sensitive technique to recognize and to evaluate severity of regurgitant valvular flow in patients with AI and MI. This technique may be useful in those patients in whom Doppler echocardiography is inadequate or impossible to perform.     

Cine MR imaging in mitral regurgitation: comparison with color Doppler flow imaging

Cine MR imaging is a new technique that combines short repetition times, limited flip angles, gradient-refocused echoes, and cardiac gating. This procedure was performed in 20 patients in whom mitral regurgitation was shown on left ventriculography, and the results were compared with those of color Doppler flow mapping. In all cases, mitral regurgitation on cine MR imaging was depicted as an area of decreased signal intensity within the left atrium. The extent and severity of the regurgitant jet as seen by the two techniques were classified visually as 4+ (severe), 3+ (moderate), 2+ (mild), and 1+ (minimal). The results of the two methods were the same in 14 (70%) of the 20 patients. In five patients the results differed by one grade and in one patient by two grades. In addition, the maximal intrusion distance and area of the regurgitant jet divided by the area of the left atrium as determined by the two methods were compared. The correlation coefficients between the two methods in regard to the length and area of mitral regurgitation were .74 and .71, respectively. These data suggest that the accuracy of cine MR imaging in assessing the severity of mitral regurgitation is comparable to that of color Doppler flow imaging.     

Assessment of mitral valve regurgitation at electron-beam CT: comparison with Doppler echocardiography

PURPOSE: To prospectively compare mitral valve regurgitation fractions calculated at electron-beam computed tomography (CT) (Doppler echocardiography as reference standard) and to evaluate accuracy of electron-beam CT volume and flow measurements compared with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. Volume and flow measurements were performed at electron-beam CT in 219 patients (197 men, 22 women; mean age, 61.5 years +/- 10.4 [standard deviation]), of whom 157 had known isolated mitral valve regurgitation. Regurgitation volume was calculated as the difference between left ventricular total and forward stroke volumes. Regurgitation fractions were compared with corresponding echocardiographic grades (grades 0-IV) by using Spearman rank correlation and a weighted kappa test. In 22 patients, CT volume and flow measurements were compared with MR results by using intraclass correlation. RESULTS: Regurgitation fractions at CT correlated well with echocardiographic grading (rank correlation coefficient, r(S) = 0.82; P < .05). Mean regurgitation fractions for echocardiographic grades 0, I, II, III, and IV were 3.1% +/- 6.2, 12.7% +/- 9.9, 25.3% +/- 12.3, 40.4% +/- 11.5, and 55.9% +/- 13.7, respectively. The most suitable thresholds for differentiating echocardiographic grades were calculated regurgitation fractions of 6%, 20%, 30%, and 44%; with these thresholds, individual echocardiographic grades were differentiated (grades 0 vs I-IV, 0-I vs II-IV, 0-II vs III-IV, and 0-III vs IV, respectively) with sensitivities of 89%, 87%, 86%, and 93% and specificities of 81%, 87%, 92%, and 91%, respectively. There was perfect agreement in classification of mitral valve insufficiency between electron-beam CT and echocardiography in 134 (61%) patients and a mismatch by one grade in 72 (33%) and by two grades in 13 (6%) (kappa = 0.84). Intraclass correlation coefficients between CT and MR imaging for total and forward stroke volumes and regurgitation volume and fraction were 0.88, 0.79, 0.93, and 0.89, respectively. CONCLUSION: Electron-beam CT provides quantitative information on severity of mitral valve regurgitation, but semiquantitative classification of regurgitation showed mismatch between electron-beam CT and Doppler echocardiography by at least one grade in more than one-third of all patients.     

Papillary muscle head rupture in a patient with normal coronarography findings

BACKGROUND: Rupture of papillary muscle generally happens during acute myocardial infarction and is the cause of acute mitral regurgitation, pulmonary oedema, so it should be promptly recognized and managed. CASE REPORT. A patient, 52 year-old, was admitted to the Thoracic Department with fever, general weakness, dyspnea and cough as a case of suspected pneumonia. Two days before the admission he was treated with antibiotics. At thoracic ward, his clinical status got serious and he transferred to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) as pulmonary oedema. At the time of admission to ICU the patient was seriously ill with tachycardia, tachydyspnea, orthopnea and cyanosis image. Auscultatory, he showed pulmonal stasis at both sides and a tachyarrhythmic action, with a systolic murmur 5/6 grade above the mitral valve. Echocardiography showed grave mitral regurgitation with prolapsus of posterior leaflet with suspected chordal rupture. At coronarography no significant lesions of coronary arteries were found. After hemodynamic stabilization the patient was operated. During the operation, Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination showed a rupture of the head of the posteromedial papillary muscle. He was surgically treated with atypical quadrantectomy of posterior leaflet with homologous pericardial patch anuloplasty. CONCLUSION: The recognition of acute mitral regurgitation caused by the papillary muscle rupture and prompt surgical treatment is of vital interest for the survival of patients.     

Regional lung edema in acute mitral valve insufficiency following chordae tendineae rupture with prolapse of the posterior mitral valve leaflet

An unilateral or predominantly lobar pulmonary edema is an unusual clinical or radiological finding, often misdiagnosed as one of the more common causes of focal lung disease. We report 2 cases of a regional pulmonary edema caused by the acute onset of a severe mitral insufficiency after the rupture of chordae tendinae resulting in a prolaps of the posterior mitral leaflet. In both cases the regional pulmonary edema was initially misdiagnosed as a pneumonic infiltration, which delayed the cardiological diagnostical procedures and the surgical intervention. The mechanism of the regional edema is an excentric recurgitation jet into the left atrium, which is usually directed to the orifice of the right upper lobe pulmonary vein which increases the hydrostatic vascular pressure in the corresponding lung segment. For the confirmation of the diagnosis, transesophageal echogradiographic is helpful in documenting the direction of the regurgitant flow and detecting differential gradients between the right and left pulmonary venous systems. The pulmonary infiltrations, which persisted for several weeks, disappeared within a few days after surgical mitral-valve-reconstruction in both cases.     

二尖瓣狭窄合并左心房血栓患者的经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术

目的　评价经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术 (PBMV)治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄合并左心房血栓的临床疗效和安全性。方法　 2 7例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄合并左心房血栓患者进行PBMV ,19例食管超声心动图 (TEE)有左心房内新鲜血栓者术前经华法令抗凝治疗 3～ 6个月。结果　 2 7例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄合并左心房血栓患者进行PBMV均成功。 19例TEE有左心房内新鲜血栓者 ,PBMV术前经华法令抗凝治疗后 ,TEE复查示 9例左心房血栓消失 ,10例左心房内血栓明显缩小 ,机化为高强回声团块的陈旧性血栓 ;5例经胸心脏超声发现左心房陈旧性血栓 ,未行TEE也未予华法令治疗者 ,术中 1例发生脑栓塞。其余患者均无并发症发生。结论　对风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴有心房纤维颤动患者 ,PBMV前应常规行TEE检查 ;二尖瓣狭窄伴左心房血栓者经充分抗凝治疗后行PBMV是安全可行的。     

Transient systolic anterior motion with junctional rhythm after mitral valve repair in the intensive care unit

Systolic anterior motion (SAM) after mitral valve repair (MVR) can adversely affect hemodynamics due to exacerbation of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and mitral regurgitation. Intraoperative transient SAM after MVR can usually be managed with hemodynamic maneuvers under continuous monitoring by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). However, during postoperative intensive care management, transient SAM is seldom diagnosed and the start of treatment may be delayed. We present a case of transient SAM after MVR with abrupt deterioration due to junctional rhythm in the intensive care unit (ICU). TEE revealed that conversion from normal sinus rhythm into junctional rhythm induced the exacerbation of SAM. TEE was useful for identifying the etiology of unstable hemodynamics after cardiac surgery in the ICU, similar to its use in the operating room.     

外伤性二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

目的 探讨外伤性二尖瓣关闭不全的临床特点、外科治疗方法及其手术效果.方法 回顾分析2000年12月-2007年11月收治的16例外伤性二尖瓣关闭不全外科手术治疗的临床病例.16例中术前心胸比例0.55±0.07,左心室射血分数为(51.2±23.2)%,按纽约心脏病学会(NYHA)心功能分级:Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者10例(63%).手术方法包括二尖瓣成形14例,二尖瓣置换术2例,并同期矫治合并病变.随访14例,随访时间(35.2±25.7)个月.结果 外伤至出现二尖瓣关闭不全症状的时间为(23.3±50.9)个月.随访时,13例二尖瓣成形者,二尖瓣血流正常4例,微量反流7例,少量反流2例.14例左心室射血分数为(66.8±9.0)%,较术前明显升高(P＜0.05).心功能NYHA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者13例(93%),与术前比较,心功能NYHA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者所占百数比明显增高(P＜0.01).结论 外伤性二尖瓣关闭不全可在外伤后即刻出现,亦可在外伤后数年逐渐出现.选择适当的手术时机,应用综合性二尖瓣成形术或者二尖瓣置换术,多能获得满意的中远期效果.     

Diagnosis and assessment of mitral and aortic valve disease by cine-flow magnetic resonance imaging

Seventy-six aortic and mitral valves, in 44 patients and 5 normal volunteers, were studied by Cine-Flow MRI (on a 0.26-T superconducting magnet system), utilizing compound oblique imaging planes and a Field Echo Even Rephasing sequence. All patients had had cardiac catheterization and echocardiography. All patients with valvular stenosis and aortic sclerosis (n = 45) showed complete signal loss distal to the respective valve. Length of signal loss distal to the aortic valve in those in whom it was measured (n = 15) allowed differentiation of aortic stenosis (n = 9) from sclerosis (n = 6). This also permitted grading of stenosis with highly significant correlation (T = 0.86; P less than 0.002) with pressure gradient measurement. In mitral stenosis (n = 12) calculation of the area of signal loss distal to the mitral valve as a percentage of left ventricular cross-sectional area showed a highly significant correlation (T = 0.77; P = 0.001) with pressure gradient measurement. Clinically significant valvular regurgitation was graded by size and duration of signal loss proximal to the value with concordance with angiocardiography. It is concluded that Cine-Flow MRI has a clinical role in the diagnosis and assessment of valvular heart disease.     

Fourier phase analysis of SPECT equilibrium radionuclide angiography in symptomatic patients with mitral valve prolapse without significant mitral regurgitation: Assessment of biventricular functional abnormalities suggesting a cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: Ventricular premature beats are common in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP). The purpose of this study was to determine whether symptomatic patients with MVP had certain functional characteristics and if ventricular arrhythmia (VA) could be explained by functional extravalvular abnormalities. Single photon emission computed tomography equilibrium radionuclide angiography with Fourier phase analysis was preferred to the planar radionuclide method. Only patients without significant mitral regurgitation were studied. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 23 symptomatic patients with MVP (13 men, 10 women, mean age, 47+/-14 years) without mitral regurgitation underwent single photon emission computed tomography equilibrium radionuclide angiography. Symptoms were present in 20 patients, and VA was present in 14 patients. Ejection fraction, regional wall motion, and Fourier phase analysis were examined in both ventricles and compared with results for normal subjects. Ventricular abnormalities were observed in 20 (87%) patients: decreased left ventricular and right ventricular ejection fractions, increased standard deviations of the mean phase and focal wall motion, and/or delayed phase abnormalities. Abnormalities were less frequent but more marked in the right ventricular free wall, the infundibulum, or the septum compared with left ventricular delayed abnormalities, which were more frequent but limited. In 12 of 14 patients with VA, phase-delayed areas were observed in the ventricle where the origin of ventricular premature beats was suspected on the basis of their electrocardiographic morphologic features. A relation was found between late potentials and delayed-phase areas (right ventricle or septum) and left bundle branch block morphologic features of VA. CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic patients with MVP frequently have ventricular dysfunction in 1 or both ventricles, sometimes limited but more marked in the presence of severe VA even without significant mitral regurgitation, suggesting structural modification. The use of a sensitive, accurate, and 3-dimensional method such as single photon emission computed tomography equilibrium radionuclide angiography may be of interest for a noninvasive investigation, especially in young symptomatic patients with MVP and VA.     

Successful surgical treatment of Q fever endocarditis with mitral valve repair

We report a case of successful surgical treatment of Q fever endocarditis with mitral valve repair in a 66-year old retired British soldier. Valve replacement is invariably undertaken in Q fever endocarditis due to the degree of valvular damage and concerns about eradicating the organism, Coxiella burnetii. Our unique case allowed valve repair since pre-existing myxomatous degeneration and subsequent posterior mitral valve leaflet prolapse resulted in significant excess valve tissue, allowing quadrangular resection of the damaged and perforated P2 portion of this leaflet. Follow-up at four years (including three years of antibiotic treatment) has confirmed excellent valve repair, with no echocardiographic, clinical or microbiological evidence of recurrence. We are only the second group to describe valve repair in a patient with chronic Q fever endocarditis. Valve repair is preferable to valve replacement for Q fever endocarditis, if technically possible.     

二尖瓣腱索断裂295例超声与手术结果的比较研究

目的通过观察大样本二尖瓣腱索断裂(MCTR)的超声心动图和手术特点,探讨MCTR疾病分布特点、经胸超声心动图(TTE)特征,并明确其在指导手术中的价值。资料与方法收集5年以来在北京阜外心血管病医院住院的295例MCTR患者病例资料,记录所有患者心电图、经胸超声心动图、手术结果,将结果进行比较分析。结果 295例MCTR患者中,前叶腱索断裂100例,后叶腱索断裂182例,前后叶腱索均断裂13例;腱索完全断裂26例,部分断裂269例;进行换瓣手术110例,修补手术132例。本组MCTR的主要超声特点为二尖瓣叶脱垂、出现连枷样或挥鞭样改变、二尖瓣中～重度反流、心脏扩大、轻中度肺动脉高压。根据手术结果判断,TTE对MCTR的诊断符合率为96.7;判断前后叶脱垂和腱索断裂的诊断符合率为92.5,准确判断为完全和部分腱索断裂的诊断符合率为89.3。TTE的主要误诊原因是在判断腱索摆动与断裂腱索、二级腱索断裂部位仍有缺陷和缺少经验。经过统计学分析,MCTR是进行换瓣还是修补手术,与附着瓣叶的部位有关(P<0.05),而腱索是否部分或完全断裂与手术方式的选择无关(P>0.05)。结论经胸超声心动图能够准确地诊断大部分MCTR,并且能够协助外科医生进行初步分型和选择手术方式。     

心肌梗死伴二尖瓣返流影响因素的心脏MR研究

目的:采用心脏磁共振成像探究伴或不伴二尖瓣返流的心肌梗死患者的左心室结构和功能差异,并分析可能促使心肌梗死患者发生二尖瓣返流的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析心肌梗死患者131例,并将其分为不伴二尖瓣返流组(56例)以及伴二尖瓣返流组(75例),分析比较两组的一般临床资料、左心室结构功能数据及钆对比剂延迟强化数据。结果:与不伴二尖瓣返流组相比,伴二尖瓣返流组年龄更高;左心室收缩末期容积、左心室舒张末期容积、梗死面积更大、下壁梗死发生率更大(P均<0.05),并且左室射血分数更低(P<0.001)。结论:与不伴二尖瓣返流患者相比,伴二尖瓣返流患者左室结构与功能障碍更严重,年龄、下壁心肌梗死以及梗死面积可能是心肌梗死患者发生二尖瓣返流的影响因素,心脏磁共振成像能够为心肌梗死伴二尖瓣返流患者提供更多有助于诊疗的影像学信息。