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????Salivary gland tumor is one of the most common tumors in head and neck region with a great variety of morphology and biological behavior. Surgical operation is the major choice of salivary gland tumors. However?? except the benign and low-grade malignant tumors?? most salivary malignancies are in lack of specific treatment and the recurrent and metastic frequency is pretty high. Epigenetic study has become a hot spot of cancer research in recent years and one of widely studied field is the DNA promoter methylation. Our current article intends to discuss the possible application of DNA promoter methylation in the development??treatment and prognosis of salivary gland tumors.     

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??With the increasing clinical application of dental implants??the criteria for defining successful implants become more stringent. Decrease or loss of peri-implant papilla can result in esthetic and functional problems??such as "black triangle" and food impaction??which become one of the reasons for implant failure. How to prevent the height decrease of peri-implant papilla and how to rebuild peri-implant papilla are the important topics in implant dentistry. Patients with periodontitis face higher risk of papilla height decrease. The present article is aimed to review and evaluate the risk factors of the decrease of papilla height??and the methods of prevention and rebuilding. We also emphasize the high risk of patients with periodontitis regarding the interproximal bone loss.     

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种植体周围牙龈乳头丧失是种植牙科学最麻烦的问题之一。种植义齿周围的黑三角问题不仅可引起语音问题和食物嵌塞,也带来了美学问题。这也被列为现在种植治疗失败的一项标准。本文对于影响种植体周围牙龈乳头高度的因素做一综述。     

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??Dental laser can be used widely in either conservative treatment or surgery treatment for peri-implant infection. It can be used to disinfect the  implant surface??remove the granulation tissue and promote the healing of the surgery sites. Dental laser can be used to treat the peri-implant infections as an effective tool. Dental lasers show an initial positive outcome after a 6-month follow-up??but it should have a long period of follow-up for at least one year and plaque control policies should be strictly followed.     

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即刻种植技术能够有效地保持剩余牙槽嵴的高度和宽度,临床已得到广泛应用.磨牙由于其自身的解剖特点,应用即刻种植技术时常在种植体与骨组织间存在一定间隙,从而影响种植体的初期稳定性及其有效骨结合.本文对磨牙即刻种植过程中,如何处理种植体-骨间隙问题进行了讨论.     

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??With the improvement of people's living standard??dental implant restoration is increasingly favored by patients with missing teeth??however?? the number of complications related to implant is increasing. Peri-implantitis is one of the common complications of dental implants surgery??which can result in loss of the support bone??osseo-integration failure??and even lead to osseo-integration implant loss. The clinical manifestations of peri-implantitis are various??which are sometimes difficult to diagnose??early correct diagnosis of peri-implantitis will contribute to the further treatment. This paper will make a review of the diagnostic methods of peri-implantitis.     

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??Peri-implantitis represents a clinical condition that includes the presence of an inflammatory lesion in the peri-implant mucosa and loss of implant bone. Several surgical treatment methods have been proposed for the management of peri-implantitis??including peri-implant surgical debridement??resective therapy?? implantoplasty and regenerative therapy. The way we choose to work on the patients should be based on clinical evidence along with full discussions with patients themselves.     

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??Peri-implantitis is one of the common complications of dental implant. The treatment and maintenance of peri-implantitis are extremely important. The maintenance protocols of peri-implantitis are based on the clinical signs??symptoms and indexes. The goal should be the establishment of healthy peri-implant tissues.     

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在满足适应证条件下,自体牙移植是很多病例值得尝试的选择,良好的牙移植术及围手术期处理会取得超过90％以上的成功预期,自体牙移植术的操作过程应该注意采用微创方法拔除患牙、预备受区和植入供牙,并且术前检查和准备应做到有备无患,术后应采用合理方式固定以及根据牙根发育情况进行根管治疗等,以保证移植牙实现牙周韧带愈合和长期保有良好功能。     

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提要：口腔种植在牙列缺损、牙列缺失的修复中能获得良好的功能性、稳定性及美观性。尽管种植技术已经非常成熟,但在临床上仍出现一些影响种植体存活时间和使用效果的并发症。其中种植体周围骨吸收作为常见并发症之一,如不能及时控制,将严重影响种植体的成功率及存活率。本文就种植体周围骨吸收原因进行分析并提出一些处理的办法。     

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目的探讨种植体周围龈沟液(GCF)量及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性在种植体周围组织炎症发展中的变化。方法选择2006年3月至2009年3月于鞍山市铁东区口腔医院修复科接受牙种植术后12～36个月的患者30例(种植体40枚)。按照牙龈指数(GI)等级将受检种植体分为4组,测量并比较各组GCF量及ALP活性。结果受检种植体周围GCF量及ALP活性随着GI分级的增加而增加。GI1级的种植体周围GCF量和ALP活性较GI0级稍增加,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);GI2级和3级的种植体周围GCF量和ALP活性与GI0级比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),且GI2级和3级的种植体周围GCF量、ALP活性差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论种植体周围GCF量及ALP活性随其GI增加而增加。     

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??Peri-implantitis is a mixed infectious disease that causes inflammatory process in both soft and hard tissue around a dental implant??which always results in some degree of the supporting bone loss. Risk factors include dental plaque??history of periodontitis??smoking??and diabetes??etc. Peri-implantitis is characterized by redness?? bleeding on gentle probing??with or without suppuration??a peri-implant pocket depth of ≥5 mm??as well as the X-ray evidence of marginal bone loss≥2 mm. Peri-implant maintenance therapy??PIMT??is crucial in maintaining the peri-implant tissue health and the long-term success of dental implant.     

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提要：小儿体液量较大,体液交换率高,输液不足易发生脱水、休克,输液过量又可导致心力衰竭及肺水肿,故安全、合理、有效的术中输液对保证患儿术中安全及术后恢复极为重要。本文主要对小儿围术期液体治疗做一介绍。     

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目的探讨辛伐他汀在种植体周围炎骨缺损区应用对种植体骨再结合的影响。方法本研究于2011年6月至2012年2月在哈尔滨医科大学动物实验中心完成。选取4只成年杂种犬,全麻下拔除双侧第一、二、三前磨牙,即刻植入种植体24颗,植入12周确定骨结合后,丝线栓结法建立实验性动物口腔种植体周围炎模型。随机进行分组治疗。(1)空白组(6颗种植体):单纯去除种植体周围炎性肉芽组织,骨缺损区不填入任何材料;(2)实验组(9颗种植体):去除种植体周围炎性肉芽组织,骨缺损区填入骨粉+生物膜+局部注射辛伐他汀(3.0 mg/kg·d);(3)对照组(9颗种植体):去除种植体周围炎性肉芽组织,骨缺损周围填入骨粉+生物膜+局部注射等量空白溶剂。3组术后龈缘内均应用盐酸米诺环素软膏2周(1次/周),实验组和对照组局部注射5 d(1次/d)。术后16周处死动物,行大体观察、缺损区重建骨量测量、电镜观测。结果局部注射辛伐他汀实验组骨重建区骨密度较对照组高,实验组骨重建区骨再结合强度较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论局部注射辛伐他汀可促进骨生长。     

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??Objective    To compare the change of the bone around bone level implants using submerged and non-submerged implants in different implant systems. Methods    Totally 450 implant restorations of 256 patients were chosen from June 2008 to May 2013??in Center of Implant Dentistry??School of Stomatology of China Medical University. The numerical values of bone resorption around the implants were measured after the stage ?? surgery and ?? surgery of dental implantation??the current restoration day and one year after the restorations accomplished on digital panoramic radiographs or small dental films. X-ray films were chosen corresponding to submerged implants because non-submerged implants did not have the stage ?? surgery of dental implantation. Results    During unloaded healing period??from the stage I surgery to the stage ?? surgery??and one year after that??the numerical values of bone resorption around the bone level implants such as Dentium??Bego and 3I between submerged and non-submerged implants had no significant difference??P > 0.05??. The numerical values of bone resorption of three kinds of bone level implants also has no significant difference??P > 0.05??. Conclusion    Submerged or non-submerged implants have no significant effect on the numerical values of bone resorption around implants. Change of the bone around implants in three implant systems has no significant difference. The clinical effects are better.     

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??With the development of surface modification and implant surgical technique??predictable osseointegration can be achieved. However??the late implant failure still troubles the clinicians. Peri-implantitis is one of the complications lead to late implant failure. The present review introduced the definition?? epidemiology?? diagnosis??etiology??risk factors??treatment and prevention of peri-implantitis. The aim of the present review was to provide comprehensive concepts of peri-implantits.     

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恶性周围神经鞘膜瘤（malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor,MPNST）是罕见的施万细胞或神经嵴多潜能细胞来源的梭形细胞肉瘤。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）2000年发表的神经系统肿瘤分类标准,     

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??Objective??To systematically assess the correlation between smoking and the risk of peri-implantitis??so as to offer scientific basis for health education and preventve decision. Methods??A literature search was performed in Pubmed??Embase??Cochrane Library??CNKI??Wanfang??VIP and SinoMed database to collect the case control studies on the correlation between smoking and peri-implantitis. Two reviewers independently screened the literatures according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria??extracted the data??assessed the quality??and then conducted Meta-analyses on the included studies by using RevMan 5.3 software??with calculation of the OR value and 95%CI. Results??A total of 9 case control studies involving 3674 cases were included. The quality assessment indicated that studies were generally of high quality. Meta-analyses showed that compared with non-smokers??there was increasing possibility of peri-implantitis in smokers??OR = 2.93??95%CI??2.19??3.91??P??0.05??. Conclusion??There is a positive correlation between smoking and periodontal inflammation??smoking is one of the risk factors of peri-implantitis. Smoking increases the risk of peri-implantitis by 1.93 times compared with non-smoking patients     

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目的探讨游离皮瓣在全下唇及颏部大范围缺损修复重建中的应用价值及临床效果。方法 2007年7月至2013年3月,对中国医科大学口腔医学院口腔颌面外科收治的12例下唇癌根治术后及2例外伤造成的全下唇及颏部缺损患者,应用前臂皮瓣和股前外侧皮瓣同期修复。术后随访6个月至3年,并对患者修复后下唇外观和功能进行评价。结果 14例皮瓣全部成活,成活率100%。术后随访下唇癌患者肿瘤未见复发,14例患者均可进行基本正常的语言交流;12例可进普食,2例进软食;1例流涎,均无小口畸形。下唇及颏部外观患者均能接受。结论应用游离皮瓣修复全下唇及颏部缺损,方法安全可靠且成功率较高,根据下唇及颏部缺损范围选择合适修复方式可获得较好的口腔功能和外观。     

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种植体替代天然牙植入牙槽骨行使功能,植入后的种植体与周围软硬组织发生一系列改建,并形成了不同界面。种植体周围界面可分为种植体一软组织界面、种植体一基台界面、种植体一骨界面等。软组织界面生物学宽度在种植体一基台界面周围形成,且与种植体一骨界面周围骨吸收有关。这3者间的相互作用会影响种植体骨水平,是关系到种植修复成功与否的关键因素。