Glutathione S-transferase activity in the liver in acute pancreatitis at various terms of disease and during treatment with inducers

Glutathione S-transferase activity increased in rats with acute pancreatitis: 2.2 times on day 2, 2-fold on day 4, and 1.5 times on day 10. Inducers of microsomal enzymes aroclor 1254 and phenobarbital notably inhibited glutathione S-transferase activity in animals with experimental pancreatitis on days 2–4 of the disease (3.1–2.5 times in comparison with sham-operated induced animals). Hence, the activity of enzymes of phase II of liver xenobiotic metabolism is altered in acute pancreatitis. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 5, pp. 542–543, May, 2000     

Biological activity and pharmacological properties of anticoagulant complex (Hirudin, plasma kallikrein inhibitor, prostaglandin) fromHirudo Medicinalis

Antiprocoagulant complex isolated from lyophilized medicinal leeches exerted pronounced antithrombotic, thrombolytic, and hypotensive effects in experimental animals after intravenous injection and showed antithrombotic activity after oral administration in combination with hirudone, the source of hyaluronidase and inhibitors of digestive proteolytic enzymes. The antiprocoagulant complex can be used as a specific medicinal preparation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 673–676, December, 1999     

Lactate and succinate dehydrogenase activity in blood lymphocytes of aggressive and submissive male mice

The influence of social status on some immunological characteristics in experimental animals was studied (sensory contact model). Lactate dehydrogenase activity in blood lymphocytes changed similarly in aggressive and submissive mice probably due to social stress. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase changed differently and correlated with the type of social behavior. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 1, pp. 53–55, January 2000     

Thrombolytic activity of terrilytin and its effect on the blood clotting system

In experimentsin vitro after preliminary incubation of fibrinogen with terrilytin clot formation was retarded and subsequent lysis accelerated. Terrilytinin vitro lengthened the recalcification time, reduced thromboplastic activity and fibrinase activity and, at the same time, increased the fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma. In experiments on dogs roentgenovasography revealed considerable thrombolytic activity of terrilytin when injected intravenously into animals with experimental thrombosis of the femoral veins.Pathophysiological Laboratory, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 8, pp. 936–937, August, 1976.     

Chemiluminescence of blood plasma and activity of alveolar macrophages in experimental pneumonia

Acute experimental pneumonia in animals is accompanied by enhanced production of active oxygen forms by alveolar macrophages and increased plasma chemiluminescence. Low photosum of chemiluminescence and suppression of bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages together with increased blood content of low-molecular-weight peptides are signs of lung destruction. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 3, pp. 344–346, March, 2000     

Isoforms of alkaline phosphatase from mouse internal organs after bilateral adrenalectomy

The activity of alkaline phosphatase of female CBA and BALB/c mice is studied after bilateral adrenalectomy. Interstrain differences in enzyme activity are revealed in some organs of the control and experimental animals. The expression of new isoforms of alkaline phosphatase in hypocorticoidism is demonstrated. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3 pp. 262–264, March, 1996 Presented by V. P. Kaznacheev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Immunomodulating effect of salmozan injected at different times of the day

Immunomodulating effect of salmozan injected at different times of the day was assessed by changes in 5-nucleotidase activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. The effect of the immunomodulator correlates with the level of 5-nucleotidase activity in control animals. When this value was high in the control, it was decreased in experimental rats, and vice versa. The effect of the immunomodulator on the enzyme activity and on immune and neuroendocrine parameters is governed by the “mirror symmetry” principle. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 12, pp. 658–662, December, 1997     

Age-related changes in activation of telomerase in the bone marrow of normal and thymectomized mice

Age-related and thymus-dependent regulation of telomerase activity was studied in the bone marrow of normal (physiological aging) and thymectomized (experimental aging) mice. There was no strong correlation between the age and telomerase activity in bone marrow cells of normal mice. We observed only small individual differences in telomerase activity. Thymectomy 2-fold increased telomerase expression in young (2-month-old) and old (24-month-old) animals. Individual differences in telomerase activity in the bone marrow of thymectomized mice were more pronounced and did not depend on the age. The role of the thymus in cell aging is discussed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 6, pp. 654–656, June, 2000     

Nitric oxide in paraventricular nuclei of rat hypothalamus under extreme conditions

The activity of nitroxide synthetase (NOS) was studied histochemically and levels of oxytocin and vasopressin immunocytochemically in rat hypothalamus paraventricular nuclei in on-earth experiments simulating space flight conditions with landing. Colonization of oxytocin and NOS was found in large-cell neurons of paraventricular nuclei. After 15 days under conditions of simulated microgravitation followed by 1-day double gravitation and a short-term (1 day) macrogravitation, activities of NOS and content of neuropeptides increased in large-cell neurons of paraventricular nuclei of experimental animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 3, pp. 282–284, March, 1998     

Effects of individual fractions of cerebrospinal fluid from drug addicts treated by liquor adsorption on behavior of recipient rats

Effects of individual fractions of the liquor preparation from drug addicts, eluted from filters after liquor adsorption session, on rat behavior in an elevated plus-maze was analyzed. Fraction I activated and fraction IV inhibited orientation and exploratory activity and increased anxiety of experimental animals. Effects of fraction IV coincided with the effect of total preparation on rat behavior in an elevated plus-maze, which indicates that this fraction contains substances actively accumulating in the liquor of drug addicts and partially responsible for functional changes observed during abstinence. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 1, pp. 100–102, January, 2000     

Invertor-mediated modulation of Na,K-ATPase activity in myocardial plasma membranes in the emergency stage of compensatory cardiac hyperfunction in mature and senescent rats

Myocardial hyperfunction is experimentally modeled by coarctation of the aorta in mature (6–8-month-old) and senescent (26–28-month-old) Wistar rats. During the emergency phase of cardiac hyperfunction Na,K-ATPase activity is shown to rise reliably in mature animals, while in old rats it remains unchanged. Cardiomyocyte cytosol and blood plasma from mature (but not old) rats with experimental coarctation of the aorta activate Na,K-ATPase in membranes from the myocardium of both the mature and old rats. It is assumed that the activation of Na,K-ATPase during the emergency stage of cardiac hyperfunction is mediated through synthesis of specific invertors. In senescent animals the synthesis of invertors probably becomes insufficient, while membrane sensitivity to them is preserved. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 6, pp. 631–633, June, 1996     

Psychotropic activity of cholecystokinine tetrapeptide analogs

Psychotropic activity of two cholecystokinin analogs Trp-R₁-Asp-Phe-NH₂ and R₂-Trp-R₃-Asp-Phe-NH₂ is studied using behavioral tests. Both analogs have no effect on motor activity. Trp-R₁-Asp-Phe-NH₂ in doses of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg exhibits anxiogenic activity and impairs learning (only in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg) of experimental animals. R₂-Trp-R₃-Asp-Phe-NH₂ possesses no anxiogenic activity and in doses of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg promotes learning, which attests to its nootropic activity. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 6, pp. 647–650, June, 1998     

Effect of thymoptin on the behavior of experimental animals

A study is made of the effect of thymoptin, a preparation containing a complex of acid peptides from the thymus, on the behavior of experimental animals. It is found that in a dose of 400 μg/kg the preparation enhances motor activity, raises the body temperature, augments pain sensitivity, stimulates behavior in the open field test, and facilitates learning and memory processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121 N ^o 3, pp. 285–287, March, 1996 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effects of leu-enkephalin analog on cerebral circulation in cerebral ischemia of different severity

Leu-enkephalin analog reduces cerebral circulation in mild and has no effect in moderate ischemia, while in severe cerebral ischemia it causes periodic compensatory enhancement of cerebral circulation in experimental animals, instead of its monotonous reduction, thus ensuring 100% survival during a 6-h period, whereas in the control group 60% animals die within 3 h. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 11, pp. 516–519, November, 1998     

In vivo cytogenetic effects of acrylamide, acrylonitryl, and their combination with verapamil

Acrylamide significantly increased the number of cells with chromosome aberrations in BALB/c and C57B1/6, but not in CBA mice. No difference was found between the BALB/c and C57B1/6 strains in the clastogenic effect of acrylamide. Within the studied concentration range acrylonitrile exerted no genotoxic effects. Verapamil significantly potentiated the clastogenic effect of acrylamide in BALB/c mice, while in C57B1/6 mice potentiation was observed only after the repeated intragastric administration of verapamil in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg. Acrylonitrile in combination with verapamil also produced a slight clastogenic effect after single and repeated administrations. Thein vivo comutagenic activity of verapamil depended on the dose, administration route and schedule, and genotype of experimental animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 684–689, December, 1999     

Enkephalinas activity in various brain structures of naloxone-treated and morphine-insensitive rats

Morphine injected subcutaneously in a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight exerted an analgesic effect in some Wistar rats (morphine-sensitive animals), as was indicated by a significantly prolonged latency of the tail-flick response, butfailed to produce analgesia in others (morphine-insensitive animals). In morphine-sensitive rats, the striatum had the highest enkephalinase A activity, followed in decreasing order by the mesencephalon, hippocampus, pons, cortex, medulla oblongata, and hypothalamus. Thirty minutes after intraperitoneal administration of naloxone (0.3 mg/kg body weight) to morphine-sensitive rats, enkephalinase activity fell significantly in the hippocampus, striatum, and cortex, remained unchanged in the pons and medulla oblongata, and rose significantly in the mesencephalon and insignificantly in the hypothalamus; generally similar differences in enkephalinase activity from naloxone-untreated morphine-sensitive rats were recorded in the brain structures of morphine-insensitive rats given saline instead of naloxone. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 11, pp. 492–494, November, 1995 Presented by K. V. Sudakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Prevention of experimental pseudotuberculosis infection by immunization with porin fromYersinia pseudotuberculosis

Protective properties of two molecular forms of porin, a protein from the outer membrane ofYersinia pseudotuberculosis, are studied in animals infected with pseudotuberculosis and plague agents. The effect of adjuvant on the protective activity of porin is investigated. The possibility of using porin as a component of chemical antipseudotuberculosis vaccine is demonstrated. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 2, pp. 221–223, February, 1999     

Activity of liver monooxygenase system in rats with low and high resistance to hypoxia

Rats with low and high resistance to hypoxia are shown to differ in terms of the baseline activity of liver monooxygenases bothin vivo andin vitro. Low-resistance animals are characterized by a significantly higher rate of elimination of antipyrine, hexenal, and nifedipine, as evidenced by shorter half-elimination period and higher urinary concentration of metabolites. The concentration of microsomal cytochromes P-450 and b5 as well as the rates of N-demethylation of amidopyrine, p-hydroxylation of aniline, and hydroxylation of diazepam are considerably higher in rats with low resistance to hypoxia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 9, pp. 291–294, September, 1996     

Accumulation of exogenous histone in rat brain parenchyma

In vivo histoautoradiographic study of cerebral accumulation of exogenous histone after its intracarotid infusion to anesthetized rats with intact liver and animals with experimental cirrhosis showed that histone penetrates brain capillary endotheliocyte membranes and gets into the nervous tissue. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 7, pp. 63–66, July, 2000     

Accumulation of exogenous histone in rat brain parenchyma

In vivo histoautoradiographic study of cerebral accumulation of exogenous histone after its intracarotid infusion to anesthetized rats with intact liver and animals with experimental cirrhosis showed that histone penetrates brain capillary endotheliocyte membranes and gets into the nervous tissue. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 7, pp. 63–66, July, 2000