Experimental and clinical aspects of laser destruction of adenohypophysis

Focal destruction of the adenohypophysis by Nd:YAG laser does not destroy other structures of the hypothalamo-pituitary region. During reparative regeneration, the focus of coagulation necrosis after laser destruction of the adenohypophysis is replaced by cicatricial tissue. A method for surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas was developed. The efficiency, safety, and low traumatism of this method were confirmed in 87 patients. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 7, pp. 113–116, July, 2000     

Experimental laser destruction of trigeminal sensory root

The possibility of local laser destruction of the trigeminal sensory root by a puncture technique is demonstrated. A fibrous scar was formed on a limited area of the trigeminal root. There were no signs of axonal regeneration, posttraumatic neuroma, or considerable changes in the Meckel sinus. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 6, pp. 701–703, June, 2000     

Stimulation of biofilm formation by insertion of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tetrahymena pyriformis</Emphasis> wells within <Emphasis Type="Italic">Burkholderia cenocepacia</Emphasis> biofilms

Biofilm formation is an important part of the bacterial life cycle. Biofilms provide bacterial resistance to external stresses and protozoan grazing. Biofilm formation by the wild type of B. cenocepacia strain 370 in the presence of the free-living ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis was studied. T. pyriformis grazed on planktonic bacteria and reduced the planktonic bacterial subpopulation while it noticeably stimulated biofilm formation. When cultivated alone, T. pyriformis did not form visible biofilms. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to demonstrate the inclusion and further destruction of protozoan cells within the biofilms formed by the bacteria. The destruction of protozoan cells was accompanied by the exit of bacteria from vacuoles and intracytoplasmic multiplication; changes in the form of protozoan cells; the demolition of internal structures; and the visual exit of the cytoplasmic content from destructing cells. Microcolonies of a characteristic round shape were revealed in the biofilms formed by B. cenocepacia in the presence of T. pyriformis. These structures were absent in the biofilms formed by B. cenocepacia alone. Insertion of protozoan cells within biofilms seems to be a driving force that promotes biofilm proliferation and influences their structure. The mortality of protozoan cells in the biofilms caused a decrease in the T. pyriformis population under conditions advantageous to B. cenocepacia biofilm formation. The mutant B. cenocepacia strain Bcb-1, which is unable to form biofilms, was isolated by plasposon mutagenesis. In contrast to the parental strain, the cocultivation with Bcb-1 bacteria improved the growth of T. pyriformis. A mutation was mapped in the ompR gene. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Role of ultrastructural changes in the lungs of suckling rabbits in the pathogenesis of experimental cholera

Type II alveolocytes are destroyed in suckling rabbits during adhesion ofVibrio cholerae, whereas in type I alveolocytes no ultrastructural disorders are detected. The number of lipid granules is increased in the lipofibroblast cytoplasm. Transendothelial micropinocytosis and endothelial edema and destruction are increased in pulmonary capillaries, and plasmatic impregnation of the stroma is observed. The development of experimental cholera is associated with progressive disorders of the regional circulation, degranulation of platelets and basophils, destruction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and endotheliocytes, and a marked increase of vascular permeability. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, No. 8, pp. 173–177, August, 1995 Presented by P. V. Sergeev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Early organization of the pituitary gland in Sparus aurata L. (Teleostei) An ultrastructural study

The cell organization of the pituitary gland and the relationship between neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis in the early developmental stages of the gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, were studied by electron microscopy. In newly hatched larvae, the pituitary gland was embedded in the ventral floor of the diencephalon and separated from the hypothalamus by a continuous basal lamina. Elongated mesenchymal cells next to the ventral surface were observed. At this stage, there was no neurohypophysis and the adenohypophysis consisted of undifferentiated endocrine cells with small scarce secretory granules and a few stellate cells, with no distinctive zonation. An incipient neurohypophysis was present in 1-day-old larvae. The first evagination of the neurohypophysis into the adenohypophysis were observed in 2-day-old larvae and developed progressively with age, being deeper in the caudal zone. Two regions in the adenohypophysis, one anterior — the presumptive pars distalis — and one posterior — the presumptive pars intermedia — were found in 2-day-old larvae. Three regions (rostral and proximal pars distalis and pars intermedia) were clearly distinguishable in 4-day-old larvae. The ultrastructural features of the pituitary endocrine cells varied during gland differentiation, with the secretory granules gradually increasing in number and size, accompanying organelle development. Nevertheless, even in the oldest larvae studied (65 days), undifferentiated cells similar to those in the earliest stages were observed. The first blood vessels appeared in the neurohypophysis around 16 days after hatching. During early development, the pituitary gland progressively emerged from the ventral floor of the brain. By 16 days, the principal pattern of the pituitary gland architecture appeared to be established.     

Patterns of tissue transformation after transplantation

Transplantation of fetal tissue in clinical practice in Russia has a solid experimental basis. “Tissue-tissue” relationships that are phylo- and ontogenetically fixed as characteristic of all systems of organs have been described in studies of Zavarzinet al. The method of tissue culture in the organism that was developed by Lazarenko in 1934 makes it possible to study the patterns of growth and transformation of tissues and organs in the living organism. This method has been used in studies of epithelial tissues of ecto-, endo-, and mesodermal origin. Five stages of the transplantation process have been identified: tissue depression, activation, tissue growth and differentiation, the period of functional activity, and atrophy. All tissues, except for endocrine tissue, which can live for a long time without atrophy, go through these stages, but in each tissue this process is genetically determined. This paper is focused on the close “tissue-tissue” relationships and presents characteristics of all epithelial tissues. Special attention is paid to the anterior portion of the gastrointestinal system and to the endocrine glands originating from it: adenohypophysis, thyroid gland, and thymus. The contribution of a normally functioning endocrine system to the successful transplantation of ovarian and mammary tissue is also discussed. After transplantation, epithelial tissues are transformed and assimilated in the recipient's organism. This may provide a basis for a novel approach to the problem of the immunological responsiveness of the organism. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 4, pp. 341–349, April, 1994     

Effect of laser radiation proliferative activity of cultured cells

Using morphometry and radioautography methods, it is found that a single laser irradiation (0.5 and 0.05 J/cm²) of cultured human fibroblasts stimulates their proliferationin vitro. The effect of the laser is realized via intensification of DNA synthesis. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, Nno 3, pp. 313–315, March, 1994 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Experimental-morphological and clinical results of laser destruction of adenohypophysis

Feasibility of focal adenohypophysis destruction by Nd:YAG laser is experimentally proven. The destruction is not followed by considerable damage of other structures of the hypothalamus-hypophysis region. It is established that the focus of coagulation necrosis produced by laser radiation is replaced by scar tissue. A surgical treatment of hypophysis adenoma surgical treatment is proposed. Its effectiveness, safety and low traumatism were confirmed at its clinical trial.     

Laser-induced clasmatosis of gastric and intestinal epitheliocytes

Clasmatosis, a possible cell response to laser treatment, can be induced in gastric mucosa by copper-vapor laser and nitrogen laser radiation administered in a dose of 20 and 4 J/cm², respectively. Clasmatosis is most pronounced in parietal cells. In the intestine, clasmatosis is observed inlamina propria connective tissue cells. Treatment with copper-vapor and nitrogen lasers in doses higher than 34 and 6 J/cm², respectively, less frequently causes clasmatosis in the intestine and gastric mucosa.     

Chemiluminescence of blood plasma and activity of alveolar macrophages in experimental pneumonia

Acute experimental pneumonia in animals is accompanied by enhanced production of active oxygen forms by alveolar macrophages and increased plasma chemiluminescence. Low photosum of chemiluminescence and suppression of bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages together with increased blood content of low-molecular-weight peptides are signs of lung destruction. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 3, pp. 344–346, March, 2000     

Effect of dextran infusions on destructive processes in liver parenchyma in prolonged compression syndrome

Light microscopy and morphometry demonstrated that dextran infusions in prolonged compression syndrome increase the destruction of liver parenchyma, delay this process, and suppress the inflammatory reaction in the organ. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditiny, Vol. 124, No. 5, pp. 592–595, May, 1998     

Ultrastructural and biosynthetic reactions in cell populations of renal glomeruli of the kidney under conditions of glomerular pathology

Proliferative and degenerative variants of structural and functional changes in the cell populations of renal glomeruli are revealed. These variants differ in the intensity of biosynthetic reactions in endotheliocytes, mesangiocytes, and parietal epitheliocytes. The degenerative variant is characterized by inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis and ultrastructural alterations in endotheliocytes, which attests to the leading role of damage to glomerular endothelial associations in destruction of renal glomeruli. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 11, pp. 591–596, November, 1999     

Stereological ultrastructural analysis of rat cardiomyocytes after total hyperthermia

Hyperthermia results in the suppression of intracellular regeneration in cardiomyocytes, manifested as intensified lysis and destruction of organelles, and leads to myocardial atrophy. Intracellular reorganization of cardiomyocytes is characterized by increases in the volume and surface density of myofibrils, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and T system. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 96–100, January, 1994 Presented by V. A. Trufakin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Mechanism of hypocoagulative effect of low-intensity laser radiation

Aggregation of platelets and their role in the hypocoagulation syndrome was studied afterin vitro irradiation of blood with a laser. Thromboelastography was performed in platelet-rich and platelet-free plasma. Low-intensity laser radiation affected the coagulation system via platelets. It decreased platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, epinephrine, ristocetin, platelet activating factor, and fibrinogen. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 7, pp. 36–38, July, 1998     

Dynamics of reparative and adaptive processes in the myocardium after irradiation with high-intensity laser

Reparative and adaptive processes in the myocardium after irradiation with a high-intensity Nd:YAG laser are accompanied by an increase in the number of blood vessels in the damage-adjacent and remote areas. The results obtained indicate that laser revascularization of the myocardium can be employed in the treatment of some forms of ischemic heart disease. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 10, pp. 469–472, October, 1997     

Ultrastructure and proliferation of gastric epitheliocytes during exposure to ultraviolet laser

Local exposure to ultraviolet laser in a dose of at least 4 J/cm² decreases the epitheliocyte labeled nuclei index in the fundal portion of the stomach, the decrease being the greatest for actively proliferating cervical cells. It involves a decrease in the amount of parietal microorganisms and alteration of epitheliocytes. The latter phenomenon was most expressed after a dose of 6 J/cm². Changes caused by UV laser were observed 24 h after exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 5, pp. 583–586, May, 1998     

Reaction of myocardial mast cells during neoangiogenesis induced by YAG:Nd laser

Time course of morphofunctional changes in myocardial mast cells of Wistar rats irradiated with a YAG:Nd laser is studied. Mast cells were detected on serial sections by toluidine blue staining. A drastic increase in mast cell degranulation around the laser channel was observed on days 1–20 of experiment. Mast cell degranulation may be the first stage in neoangiogenesis in the myocardium in response to laser injury. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 7, pp. 116–118, July, 1998     

Relationship between the antiaggressive properties of buspirone and the time of day

Buspirone administered in the morning or evening completely suppressed the interspecies aggressiveness of isolated rats expressed as attacks on and bites of mice; muricidal behavior (killing of mice) was blocked by the drug only if it was administered in the evening. Electrolytic destruction of serotonin-containing structures of the midbrain levels the phase dependence of the antimuricidal properties of buspirone. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 291–294, March, 1996 Presented by P. V. Sergeev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of laser radiation against the background of folliculin on the capillaries of rat uterus

Folliculin potentiates the effect of laser radiation on uteral capillaries. Laser radiation in combination with folliculin increases the activity of exchange surface enzymes by 21% and the total length of capillary bed by 11%. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 6, pp. 718–720, June, 1997