增强与非增强MR肺动脉血管成像诊断肺栓塞准确性的对比研究

目的比较对比增强MR血管成像(contrast-enhanced MR pulmonary angiography,CE-MRA)与非增强空间标记多反转脉冲序列(applying spatial labeling with multiple inversion pulses sequence,SLEEK)MR血管成像诊断肺栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)的准确性。材料与方法 26例CT肺动脉血管成像诊断肺栓塞的患者(男15例,女11例)于多排螺旋CT肺动脉造影(CT pulmonary angiography,CTPA)检查48 h内行CE-MRA以及非增强SLEEK MR检查。CTPA作为参考标准,计算并比较每种MR技术诊断肺栓塞的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值以及阴性预测值。结果 CE-MRA诊断肺栓塞的敏感性为78.8%,特异性97.7%。非增强SLEEK MRI诊断肺栓塞的敏感性83.8%,特异性100%。两阅片者间存在高度一致性(k=0.87)。结论 CE-MRA和SLEEK MRI诊断肺栓塞的准确性无统计学差异,但非增强SLEEK MRI血管成像无需使用对比剂,有希望成为肺栓塞诊断策略中的一部分。     

动态增强磁共振血管造影与螺旋CT血管造影诊断肾动脉狭窄对比研究

目的:探讨动态增强磁共振血管造影与螺旋CT血管造影诊断肾动脉狭窄的临床效果。方法:抽取2014年3月-2016年3月我院接收50例疑似肾动脉狭窄患者,分别实施动态增强磁共振血管造影及螺旋CT血管造影检查,两次检查间隔3d进行,经检查证实有25例肾动脉狭窄患者,对其实施数字减影血管造影检查。对比两种检查方式肾动脉狭窄诊断情况及其与数字减影血管造影检查结果差异。结果:动态增强磁共振血管造影检测出60处狭窄,检出率为60.0%,其中Ⅰ级25例,Ⅱ级13例,Ⅲ级19例,Ⅳ级3例;螺旋CT血管造影检测出57处狭窄,检出率为57.0%,其中Ⅰ级23例,Ⅱ级14例,Ⅲ级17例,Ⅳ级3例;动态增强磁共振血管造影诊断阴性预测值为98.0%,阳性预测值为91.8%,特异性为94.0%,敏感性为96.0%;螺旋CT血管造影诊断阴性预测值为96.7%,阳性预测值为93.4%,特异性为95.7%,敏感性为96.8%。结论:动态增强磁共振血管造影与螺旋CT血管造影均可准确诊断肾动脉狭窄症状,且螺旋CT血管造影特异性及敏感性等略优于动态增强磁共振血管造影,但后者安全性较高。     

64排128层螺旋CT在冠状动脉病变中的应用价值分析

目的:分析64排128层螺旋CT在冠状动脉病变中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2017年3月至2018年6月期间在本院接受64排128层螺旋CT及冠状动脉造影成像检查的疑似冠状动脉疾病患者86例临床资料。所有患者均行64排128层螺旋CT及冠状动脉造影检查。以冠状动脉造影检查结果为金标准,分析64排128层螺旋CT诊断的准确度、特异性、敏感性、阴性预测值及阳性预测值。结果:经冠状动脉造影检查结果显示,57例患者存在冠状动脉病变;64排128层螺旋CT检查动脉狭窄准确度为92.79%、特异性93.46%、敏感性91.55%、阴性预测值95.29%、阳性预测值88.44%。结论:64排128层螺旋CT诊断冠状动脉病病变具有较高的诊断准确度、特异性、敏感性、阴性预测值及阳性预测值,可有效作为临床冠状动脉病变的筛查方法。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后移植血管64排螺旋CT血管成像与选择性血管造影对比研究

目的:探讨64排螺旋CT血管成像对冠状动脉旁路移植血管诊断的准确性和应用价值。方法:对20例实施冠状动脉旁路移植5 a以上冠心病患者进行随访。冠状动脉及移植血管同时行64排螺旋CT血管成像和选择性血管造影,比较分析2种检查结果。结果:共移植血管58支。以选择性移植血管造影结果为标准,64排螺旋CT血管成像对移植血管闭塞诊断的敏感性为77.27%,特异性为97.22%,阳性预测值为94.44%,阴性预测值为87.50%,准确性为89.66%;对于闭塞加狭窄诊断的敏感性为81.48%,特异性为93.55%,阳性预测值为91.67%,阴性预测值为85.29%,准确性为87.93%。结论:64排螺旋CT血管成像对移植血管病变具有较高敏感性和特异性,可作为冠状动脉旁路移植手术后检查方法,尤其适用于选择性血管造影检查困难的移植血管。     

螺旋CT血管造影评价胰腺癌可切除性的意义

目的探讨螺旋CT血管造影（SCTA）诊断胰腺癌胰周血管侵犯及评价可切除性的价值。方法10例疑有局部浸润的胰腺癌患者术前行横断面CT及螺旋CT血管造影检查。比较分析SCTA与横断面CT诊断肿瘤侵犯胰周血管情况以及评价肿瘤可切除性。结果SCTA诊断胰周血管侵犯的敏感度、阴性预测值（100％、100％）高于横断面CT（81．8％、92．6％）。两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。SCTA术前评价胰腺癌可切除性的阳性预测值高于横断面CT。结论SCTA可精确地诊断胰腺癌侵犯胰周血管的情况，术前可准确评价胰腺癌可切除性。     

多排螺旋CT肺动脉造影诊断肺栓塞的敏感度及特异度

目的:探究多排螺旋CT肺动脉造影对肺栓塞患者临床诊断敏感度及特异度的影响。方法:选取2015年7月~2016年10月我院收治的102例疑似肺栓塞患者作为研究对象,均行胸部X线检查和多排螺旋CT肺动脉造影检查,统计比较两种检查方法的敏感度、特异度及准确度。结果:以病理学诊断为金标准,102例疑似肺栓塞患者确诊阳性48例,阴性54例;胸部X线诊断出真阳性5例,真阴性12例;多排螺旋CT肺动脉造影诊断出真阳性40例,真阴性45例。多排螺旋CT肺动脉造影诊断敏感度为89.58%、特异度为94.44%、准确度为92.16%,均高于胸部X线诊断,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论 :多排螺旋CT肺动脉造影检测可提高肺栓塞诊断的敏感度、特异度和准确度。     

多层螺旋CT肺血管造影诊断肺动脉栓塞

目的 观察多层螺旋CT肺血管造影(MSCTPA)在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用价值.方法 对临床拟诊肺栓塞的19例患者行胸部增强扫描,对原始数据采用MIP、VRT及MPR技术对肺动脉进行三维重建.结果 CT诊断肺动脉栓塞12例.病变累及肺动脉主干、肺叶动脉、肺段及亚段动脉共104支.结论 多层螺旋CT肺血管造影无创、快速、敏感性高,是诊断肺动脉栓塞的首选检查方法,并能为疗效判断提供客观依据.     

冠脉血管狭窄程度诊断中应用64排螺旋CT的敏感性和特异性分析

目的:探讨冠脉血管狭窄程度诊断中应用64排螺旋CT(CTA)的敏感性和特异性。方法:选取疑似冠心病患者202例，全部患者均接受64排螺旋CT与冠状动脉造影检查，以冠状动脉造影检查作为金标准，分析64排螺旋CT诊断冠脉血管狭窄程度的效果。结果:本组202例患者中，冠脉造影检查显示阳性156例，阴性46例，64排CTA检查显示阳性170例，阴性32例，CTA诊断冠脉狭窄的检出率与冠脉造影检查差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);202例患者共检测血管节段2626段，在评估时各级狭窄均出现高估或低估的情况，64排螺旋CT诊断冠脉血管狭窄随着狭窄程度增加，敏感、特异性与阳性预测值逐渐升高(P<0.05)。结论:冠脉血管狭窄程度诊断中应用64排螺旋CT的敏感性和特异性高，可使冠脉狭窄得到准确诊断，为后续治疗提供参考。     

心率对64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影诊断准确性的影响

目的 评价心率对64层螺旋CT诊断冠状动脉狭窄准确性的影响.方法 对148例临床怀疑或确诊为冠心病的患者进行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影(CTCA)检查,将结果与传统冠状动脉造影(CCA)结果进行对照.入选患者按照心率不同分为3组:第一组为心率≤65次/分,第二组心率为66～75次/分,第三组为心率＞75次/分.结果 64层螺旋CT诊断冠状动脉狭窄≥50%的敏感性为89.75%,特异性为98.63%,阳性预测值为92.33%,阴性预测值为98.12%;诊断冠状动脉狭窄≥75%的敏感性为90.22%,特异性为99.21%,阳性预测值91.71%,阴性预测值99.05%.在不同心率组中,第一组诊断狭窄≥50%的敏感性为94.55%,特异性为98.80%,阳性预测值为95.50%,阴性预测值为98.54%.第二组诊断≥50%狭窄的敏感性为90.48%,特异性为98.43%,阳性预测值为87.69%,阴性预测值为98.82%.第三组诊断≥50%狭窄的敏感性为71.93%,特异性为95.91%,阳性预测值为67.21%,阴性预测值为96.70%.结论 64层螺旋CT对心率较慢的患者有较高的准确性,可作为临床无创筛查冠心病的有效手段.     

超声造影与多层螺旋CT增强扫描在肾肿瘤诊断中的对照研究

目的比较超声造影与多层螺旋CT增强扫描对肾肿瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析55例经手术病理证实的且有完整临床资料的肾肿瘤的超声造影及多层螺旋CT增强扫描表现特点,并以手术病理结果为参考标准,评价超声造影与多层螺旋CT增强扫描诊断肾肿瘤的价值。结果 55例病灶中,34例为恶性病变,21例为良性病变;超声造影诊断肾肿瘤的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为90.6%、78.3%、85.3%、85.7%;多层螺旋CT增强扫描诊断肾肿瘤的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为87.5%、73.9%、82.3%、81.0%;两种检查方法检查结果差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超声造影与多层螺旋CT增强扫描对于肾肿瘤的诊断效果相当,临床可以根据检查技术的特点,为不同的患者选择适宜的检查。     

D-Dimer test in cancer patients with suspected acute pulmonary embolism

BACKGROUND: The safety of a D-dimer (DD) measurement in cancer patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) is unclear. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the DD test in consecutive patients with clinically suspected PE with and without cancer. METHODS: The diagnostic accuracy of DD (Tinaquant D-dimer) was first retrospectively assessed in an unselected group of patients referred for suspected PE (n = 350). Subsequently, the predictive value of the DD was validated in a group of consecutive inpatients and outpatients with clinically suspected PE prospectively enrolled in a management study (n = 519). The results of the DD test in cancer patients were assessed according to the final diagnosis of PE and the 3-month clinical follow-up. RESULTS: In the first study group, DD showed a sensitivity and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% and 100% in patients with cancer and 97% and 98% in those without malignancy, respectively. In the validation cohort, the sensitivity and NPV of DD were both 100% (95% CI 82%-100% and 72%-100%, respectively), whereas in patients without malignancy, the corresponding estimates were 93% (95% CI 87%-98%) and 97% (95% CI, 95%-99%), respectively. The specificity of DD was low in patients with (21%) and without cancer (53%). CONCLUSIONS: A negative DD result safely excludes the diagnosis of PE in patients with cancer. Because of the low specificity, when testing 100 patients with suspected PE, a normal DD concentration safely excludes PE in 15 patients with cancer and in 43 patients without cancer.     

肺通气?蛐灌注显像与螺旋CT血管成像用于肺栓塞诊断的比较研究

目的:比较通气?蛐灌注(V-P)显像和螺旋CT血管成像(SCTA)对肺栓塞(PE)诊断的临床价值。资料和方法:65例疑有PE的患者同时进行了V-P显像和SCTA检查,包括29例PE和36例非PE患者。以最终临床诊断为标准,分别评价两种显像对PE诊断的临床价值。结果:V-P显像对PE诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为86.2%,72.2%和78.5%,SCTA分别为79.3%,91.7%和86.2%。非确定性诊断在V-P显像中占受检病例的16.9%,SCTA占4.6%。V-P显像的非确定性诊断多出现于既往有其它心肺疾患的患者,如将非确定性诊断病例去除,则V-P显像的各项诊断参数均较SCTA呈增高趋势。联合应用两种检查法,则诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别可提高到93.1%,94.4%和93.8%。结论:总体上SCTA对PE诊断的准确性优于V-P显像,应作为首选检查法;如果对受检病例作适当的选择,V-P显像的诊断价值仍有可能进一步提高;联合应用两种显像是目前最为理想的PE诊断方法。     

Computed tomography pulmonary angiography in the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism in the emergency department

This study was undertaken to evaluate the use of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) who were followed in the emergency department (ED). The files and computer records of 850 patients older than 16 years of age who were seen in the Hacettepe University Hospital ED between April 10, 2001, and December 1, 2005, and who required CTPA for PE prediagnosis and/or another diagnosis, were studied retrospectively. PE was identified by CTPA in 9.4% of 416 women and in 5.8% of 434 men. A significant difference (P< .05) was noted in the women and men in whom PE was detected. The mean age of the patients was 58.13±17.88 y (range, 16–100 y). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for clinical susceptibility to PE among patients who underwent CTPA were assessed at 95.3%, 48.2%, 13%, and 99.2%, respectively. CTPA was done for different reasons: aortic aneurysm dissection (n=1), cough distinctive diagnosis (n=1), dyspnea distinctive diagnosis (n=6), chest pain distinctive diagnosis (n=3), PE prediagnosis (n=51), and other reasons (n=2). Also, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were found to be 95.4%, 16.2%, 14.4%, and 96%, respectively, for D-dimer. CTPA, which is accessible on a 24-h basis in the ED, is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of PE.     

双能量CT肺动脉造影中Lung Vessels软件诊断肺动脉栓塞

目的 评价双能量CT肺动脉造影(DE-CTPA)中采用Lung Vessels软件诊断肺动脉栓塞(PE)的价值。方法 收集接受DE-CTPA扫描的可疑PE患者49例,采用Lung Vessels软件处理图像,记录病变血管的位置及数目,以CTPA结合临床作为诊断PE的金标准,按患者、段动脉及亚段动脉为单位计算Lung Vessels诊断PE的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果 CTPA诊断PE患者29例,栓塞动脉共188支,包括段动脉138支,亚段动脉50支。分别以患者、段动脉及亚段动脉为单位,Lung Vessels诊断PE敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值为96.55%(28/29)、45.00%(9/20)、71.79%(28/39)、90.00%(9/10),65.94%(91/138)、80.38%(598/744)、38.40%(91/237)、92.71%(598/645)和64.00%(32/50)、92.24%(1581/1714)、19.39%(32/165)、98.87%(1581/1599)。结论 DE-CTPA中采用Lung Vessels软件可直观显示肺血管,有助于提高对PE、尤其是段及亚段PE的诊断效能,具有潜在应用前景。     

Accuracy of single-detector spiral CT in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a prospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients with abnormal perfusion scintigraphy.

BACKGROUND: Spiral computed tomography (CT) has emerged as a potentially conclusive diagnostic test to exclude pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with non-high probability scintigraphy and is already widely used-sometimes as the sole primary diagnostic test in the diagnosis of suspected PE. Its true sensitivity and specificity has, however, not been evaluated previously in a large cohort of consecutive patients. METHODS: In a multicenter prospective study 627 consecutive patients with clinically suspected PE were studied. Patients with normal perfusion scintigraphy were excluded from further analysis. Single-detector spiral CT scanning and ventilation scintigraphy were then performed in all patients to diagnose PE, while pulmonary angiography was performed as the gold standard. The only exceptions were those patients who had both a high-probability VQ scan and a CT scan positive for PE: these patients were considered to have PE and did not undergo additional pulmonary angiography. All imaging tests were read by independent expert panels. RESULTS: Five hundred and seventeen patients were available for complete analysis. The prevalence of PE was 32%. Spiral CT correctly identified 88 of 128 patients with PE, and 92 of 109 patients without PE, for a sensitivity and specificity of 69%[95% confidence interval (CI) 63-75] and 84% (95% CI 80-89), respectively. The sensitivity of spiral CT was 86% (95% CI 80-92) for segmental or larger PE and 21% (95% CI 14-29) in the group of patients with subsegmental PE. CONCLUSION: The overall sensitivity of spiral CT for PE is too low to endorse its use as the sole test to exclude PE. This holds true even if one limits the discussion to patients with larger PE in segmental or larger pulmonary artery branches. We conclude that, in patients with clinically suspected PE and an abnormal perfusion scintigraphy, single-slice detector spiral CT is not sensitive enough to be used as the sole test to exclude PE.     

Helical computed tomography and alternative diagnosis in patients with excluded pulmonary embolism

OBJECTIVE: A clinical diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) is confirmed objectively in 20-30% of patients. Helical computed tomography (CT) can allow an alternative diagnosis to be made. The frequency and validity of alternative diagnoses on helical CT in consecutive patients presenting with clinically suspected PE was assessed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all 512 prospectively analyzed patients helical CT scan was performed, and apart from presence or absence of PE, pathologic changes in lung parenchyma, mediastinum, cardiovascular system, pleura and skeleton were recorded. When possible an alternative diagnosis was given and compared with the final diagnosis after 3 months follow-up. RESULTS: In 130 patients (25.4%) PE was excluded and an alternative diagnosis considered likely. In 123 of the 130 patients (94.6%) this diagnosis was unchanged at 3 months follow-up. The diagnoses included pneumonia (n = 67), malignancy (n = 22), pleural fluid (n = 10), cardiac failure (n = 10), COPD (n = 6) and a variety of other causes (n = 15). The diagnosis changed at follow-up in seven patients (5.4%). An initial diagnosis of pneumonia changed to malignancy in two patients and to pleuritis and cardiac failure in one patient each. In two other patients malignancy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were ruled out and the diagnosis changed to pneumonia. In one patient the final diagnosis remained unknown after an initial suspicion of malignancy. CONCLUSION: In clinically suspected PE helical CT allows a reliable alternative diagnosis to be made in 25.4% of patients. This feature is an unique advantage in comparison with other diagnostic tests and supports the decision of taking helical CT as first line test in suspected PE.     

肺通气／灌注显像在肺动脉栓塞疾病诊断中的价值

目的评价核素肺通气／灌注（V／Q）显像在肺动脉栓塞（PE）诊断中的价值。方法临床疑有PE患者147例,均行肺通气／灌注（V／Q）显像。结果147例患者中有91例V／Q显像诊断PE,56例V／Q像正常或匹配,排除PE。临床最终确诊PE83例,4例大动脉炎,4例正常。56例V／Q显像正常或匹配者均排除PE。肺V／Q显像对诊断PE的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为100％（83／83）、87．5％（56／64）、946％（139／147）、912％（83／91）和100％（56／56）。结论V／Q显像灵敏度及阴性预测值高,提示其检出疾病的能力强,漏诊率低,且可作为排除PE的首选方法。     

The diagnostic role of capnography in pulmonary embolism

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic contribution of alveolar dead space fraction (AVDSf) measured using capnography in patients admitted with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). A total of 58 patients who were admitted to our hospital with suspected PE between October 2006 and January 2008 were included in this study. All patients were assessed using the Wells clinical score, capnography, computed tomographic pulmonary angiography, D-dimer measurement, lower-extremity venous Doppler ultrasonography, and V/Q scintigraphy. Forty patients (69%) had PE based on computed tomographic pulmonary angiography findings. The AVDSf value with the highest sensitivity and specificity, which was at the same time statistically significant, was 0.09. This value was consistent with the AVDSf value obtained using receiver operating characteristic analysis. In our study, the sensitivity of capnography was 70%, with a specificity of 61.1%, positive predictive value of 80%, and negative predictive value of 47.8%. The use of AVDSf in combination with any of the several scoring systems that evaluate clinical likelihood of PE and D-dimer levels resulted in higher sensitivity and specificity rates for the diagnosis of PE.     

肺栓塞的多层螺旋CT诊断和溶栓治疗效果评价

目的探讨多层螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞诊断和溶栓治疗效果评估中的作用。方法对52例临床拟诊肺动脉栓塞的患者行16层螺旋CT肺动脉成像(CTPA)检查,并对其中20例经溶栓治疗2周后的患者进行同机同条件复查。结果52例中8例肺动脉成像未见异常,1例为动静脉瘘,5例诊断为肺动脉高压,38例诊断肺动脉栓塞。38例肺栓塞中共累及各级肺动脉236处,其中肺动脉干5支,左右肺动脉30支,叶动脉81支,肺段动脉103支,亚段动脉17支。20例经溶栓治疗后复查,病灶均不同程度缩小或消失。结论16层螺旋CT能及时发现和诊断肺栓塞,也可指导溶栓治疗及评价疗效。     

An Emergency Department Guideline for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism: An Outcome Study

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical outcome of patients suspected of pulmonary embolism (PE) following implementation of an emergency department (ED) diagnostic guideline. METHODS: A prospective observational study of all patients suspected of PE who presented to the ED during a four-month study period. The authors' modification of the Charlotte criteria recommended D-dimer testing in those younger than 70 years of age with a low clinical suspicion of PE and no unexplained hypoxemia, unilateral leg swelling, recent surgery, hemoptysis, pregnancy, or prolonged duration of symptoms. The primary outcome was the identification of venous thromboembolism during a three-month follow-up period. The negative predictive value of the overall diagnostic strategy and the test characteristics of D-dimer were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 1,207 consecutive patients were evaluated for suspected PE; 71 (5.8%) were diagnosed with venous thromboembolism. One missed case of PE was identified on follow-up, yielding a negative predictive value of 99.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 99.5% to 100%). The missed case was a patient who presented with pleuritic chest pain and shortness of breath; a chest radiograph revealed pneumothorax, and the physician decided not to pursue the positive D-dimer result. The patient returned six weeks later with PE. Subgroup analysis of patients having D-dimer performed (n = 677) yields a sensitivity of 0.93 (95% CI = 0.77 to 0.98) and a specificity of 0.74 (95% CI = 0.70 to 0.77). CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a PE diagnostic guideline in a community ED setting is safe and has improved the specificity of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay D-dimer test when compared with previous studies.