广州市中老年人营养知识-态度-行为的调查分析

目的：了解广州市中老年人营养知识、态度、饮食行为及影响因素。方法：通过整群随机抽样,用问卷方式调查广州市6个城区574名中老年人营养知识、态度及饮食行为的情况。结果：广州城区中老年人营养知识、态度、行为总得分平均值为34.57（及格率77.7%）,三部分分别得分为20.11（及格率71.78%）、8.49（及格率92.51%）、5.96（及格率61.15%）,营养知识、态度和行为间有正相关关系,影响知识、态度和行为得分的主要因素是文化程度,其次为是否曾主动获取相关知识。结论：广州市中老年人具有较好的营养态度,但掌握的营养知识不足,膳食营养行为有待提高,需加强社区营养宣传工作,提高中老年人的营养素质,从而起到预防相关疾病发生的目的。     

Pesticide knowledge,practice and attitude and how it affects the health of small-scale farmers in Uganda: a cross-sectional study

Background

Over the past years there has been an increase in the use of pesticides in developing countries. This study describes pesticide use among small-scale farmers in Uganda and analyses predictors of pesticide poisoning (intoxication) symptoms.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted using a standardized questionnaire. Some 317 small-scale farmers in two districts in Uganda were interviewed about pesticide use, knowledge and attitude, symptoms of intoxication, personal protective equipment (PPE) and hygiene. The risk of reporting symptoms was analysed using logistic regression analysis.

Results

The most frequently used pesticides belonged to WHO class II. The farmers had poor knowledge about pesticide toxicity, and the majority did not use appropriate PPE nor good hygiene when handling pesticides. There was no significant association between the number of times of spraying with pesticides and self-reported symptoms of pesticide poisoning. The only significant association was between blowing and sucking the nozzle of the knapsack sprayer and self-reported symptoms of pesticide intoxication (OR: 2.13. 95% CI: 1.09 – 4.18).

Conclusion

Unlike the practice in several other developing countries, small-scale farmers in Uganda do not use the most hazardous pesticides (WHO class 1a and 1b). However use of WHO class II pesticides and those of lower toxicity is seen in combination with inadequate knowledge and practice among the farmers. This poses a danger of acute intoxications, chronic health problems and environmental pollution. Training of farmers in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) methods, use of proper hygiene and personal protective equipment when handling pesticides should be promoted.     

Impact of family planning health talks by lay health workers on contraceptive knowledge and attitudes among HIV-infected patients in rural Kenya

Objective

To determine if a health talk on family planning (FP) by community clinic health assistants (CCHAs) will improve knowledge, attitudes and behavioral intentions about contraception in HIV-infected individuals.

Methods

A 15-min FP health talk was given by CCHAs in six rural HIV clinics to a sample of 49 HIV-infected men and women. Effects of the health talk were assessed through a questionnaire administered before the health talk and after completion of the participant's clinic visit.

Results

Following the health talk, there was a significant increase in knowledge about contraceptives (p < .0001), side-effects (p < .0001), and method-specific knowledge about IUCDs (p < .001), implants (p < .0001), and injectables (p < .05). Out of 31 women and 18 men enrolled, 14 (45%) women and 6 (33%) men intended to try a new contraceptive. Participant attitudes toward FP were high before and after the health talk (median 4 of 4).

Conclusion

A health talk delivered by CCHAs can increase knowledge of contraception and promote the intention to try new more effective contraception among HIV-infected individuals.

Practice implications

FP health talks administered by lay-health providers to HIV-infected individuals as they wait for HIV services can influence FP knowledge and intention to use FP.     

广州市城乡居民的心理健康知识知晓率及对精神疾病的态度

目的:了解广州市城乡居民心理健康知识现状及对精神疾病的态度。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2010年9月-11月间抽取广州市1023位15岁及以上城市居民和1089位农村居民,采用心理健康知识知晓率问卷和对精神疾病态度问卷进行调查,实际调查市民878名,农民800名。比较市民与农民样本的心理健康知识知晓率及对精神疾病的态度,分析问卷得分的相关因素。结果:本次调查中,市民样本心理健康知识回答正确率为64.1%,农民样本为60.2%。市民样本知识问卷的答题正确率及得分高于农民样本(均P0.01),态度问卷的得分低于农民样本(P0.01)。总样本教育年限、职业和态度问卷得分与知识问卷得分相关;教育年限长、职业为专业技术人员者知识问卷得分高(β=0.17、0.12,均P0.001);职业为无业、态度问卷得分高者知识问卷得分低(β=-0.06、-0.09,均P0.01)。教育年限、职业和知识问卷得分与态度问卷得分相关,教育年限长,职业为农民、学生或家庭妇女者态度问卷得分高(β=0.06、0.24、0.09,均P0.05),职业为工人、知识问卷得分高者态度问卷得分低(β=-0.07、-0.09,均P0.01)。结论:广州市城乡居民心理健康知识知晓率均达到国家精神卫生规划的要求。城乡居民心理健康知识的知晓率存在差异,城市略高于农村;与城市居民相比,农村居民对精神疾病的态度更包容。     

Current fertility desire and its associated factors among currently married eligible couples in urban and rural area of Puducherry,south India

BackgroundThere are paucity of studies on current fertility desire at community level.ObjectiveTo assess current fertility desire and its associated factors among eligible couples of reproductive age group in Puducherry, India.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study from 2016 to 2017 among 2228 currently married eligible couples assessed socio-demographic and fertility-related factors associated with fertility desire. Data were collected based on the National Family Health Survey questionnaire. Association of fertility desire was assessed by univariate and generalised linear regression analysis.ResultsOut of 1979 respondents, current fertility desire within two years was 13.7% (95% CI, 12.3%–15.3%). Mean number of children (SD) currently living and preferred was 1.77(0.851) and 2.11 (0.528) respectively. After adjusting for confounders, the significant factors positively associated with fertility desire include woman''s age of 18–24 (APR = 2.91), 25–29 years (APR=2.48), 30–34 (APR=2.47), 35–39(APR=2.06), high socioeconomic status (APR=2.02), those without child (APR=52.35) and those with one child (APR=35.60).ConclusionThe fertility desire is comparatively lesser than other areas. Those without or with a single child and high socioeconomic status group had comparatively more fertility desire.     

几内亚首都科纳克里某校高中生艾滋病相关知识、态度的调查

目的了解几内亚首都科纳克里某校高中生艾滋病相关知识、态度的现状。方法2011年11月,采用横断面调查方法,用自制问卷调查几内亚首都科纳克里某中学294名高中生的艾滋病相关知识和态度。测量相关知识和态度的得分情况,并比较不同人口学特征学生得分的差异。结果回收有效问卷284份（96.6%）。调查对象年龄范围为15～18岁,其中男生148人,女生136人。艾滋病相关知识总分范围为4～25分（满分26分）,各条目答对率范围为35.9%～84.9%,只有78.2%的学生知识得分超过13分;被调查学生艾滋病相关态度总分范围为0～8分（满分10分）,各条目态度积极率范围为9.5%～90.5%,仅有27.1%的学生态度较积极;不同性别、年龄和城乡的学生之间知识及态度总分差异无统计学意义。结论几内亚高中生艾滋病知识面狭窄现象较明显,存在较消极态度,需大力加强艾滋病的健康教育工作。     

南京某大学低年级学生性态度、行为和性健康知识的调查分析

目的了解低年级大学生性态度、行为和性健康知识状况,为高校开展生殖健康教育与服务提供参考。方法参考以往同类型调查和项目自行设计问卷,调查内容包括性态度、性行为、生殖健康知识、性病知识的知晓率和对性健康知识和服务需求状况。结果低年级大学生性态度性别差异大,男生性态度较开放,有性经历的男生（13.9%）明显多于女生（6.4%）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=11.532,P〈0.01）;对于人流危害的认识女生优于男生（P〈0.05）;对AIDS知识的知晓情况男生优于女生（P〈0.05）,但两者对避孕知识及性健康知识掌握均有所不足;男女生性健康知识的获取途径主要为互联网、媒体和同伴;男女生希望提供的服务均依次为知识教育、生殖健康咨询及性病/艾滋病防治知识、避孕方法。结论对大学生进行性健康咨询、性知识教育、性病/艾滋病防治知识及避孕方法知识的教育非常迫切。     

Dietary knowledge,attitude and practice among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Sudan: a hospital-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundIn Sudan, the prevalence of diabetes in adults was estimated at 19.1% in 2015. This study assessed dietary knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Sudan.MethodsWe randomly selected 238 T2DM patients from a list of 2460 patients from the Jabber Abulizz Hospital. We interviewed them face-to-face using a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the determinants of KAP regarding the recommended diets for T2DM patients.ResultsMajority of the patients demonstrated good knowledge (54.6%), positive attitude (79%); and good practice (58%). The result revealed that patients with formal education had 3.0 (95% CI: 1.6–5.7) times higher odds of having good diabetic dietary knowledge than those with informal education. While patients who had good knowledge and a positive attitude were respectively 4.7 (95% CI: 2.4–8.9) and 3.2 (95% CI: 1.5–6.7) times more likely to follow dietary recommendations than the patients with poor knowledge and negative attitudes.ConclusionIrrespective of the socio-demographic position, the good knowledge and the positive attitude towards the recommended diet, all the T2DM patients complied with the dietary recommendations. These findings highlight the need for improving knowledge and promoting positive attitudes towards the recommended diet among T2DM patients.     

北京市项目社区男性计划生育状况及相关知识的调查

目的 调查北京市项目社区男性计划生育生殖健康的现状，为政府和主管部门加强开展社区计划生育生殖健康服务的决策提供依据。方法 采用意向性、抽样典型调查方法，对项目社区806住男性计划生育状况及相关知识进行问卷调查。结果 806位男性中，避孕率89．4％，占前3住的避孕方法（1）使用避孕套者为44．3％，（2）使用综合方法为20．4％（3）配偶使用IUD为15．5％。避孕知识的主要来源为医疗机构分别占已婚51．9％，未婚34．8％。最希望得到的避孕咨询本市占52．3％，外地户籍占45．6％。对妻子是否已取器等问题调查显示男性对配偶关心不够，对取器知识了解不够。结论 社区男性避孕率达到较高水平，文化程度不同采用方法上有所差异，采取长效稳定的避孕方法的比率偏低，避孕套作为安全有效的避孕防病措施的了解使用不够。应加强医疗机构特别是社区基层医疗机构在避孕咨询及避孕指导方面的影响作用。消弱负面影响。     

Association between physical activity knowledge and attitude on diabetes among normal weight and overweight/obese type-2 diabetic patients: a rural community-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundPhysical activity is one of the most important regimens for the treatment of diabetes. Hence, we aimed to examine the association between physical activity knowledge (PAK), knowledge and attitude on diabetes among rural T2DM patients.ObjectivesThe PAK, knowledge and attitude on diabetes were targeted to evaluate in rural Indian T2DM patients.MethodologyA cross-sectional community-based survey was carried out with eighty-four patients with known T2DM in rural population of IndiaResultsAmong 84 patients, 46 were overweight/obese and 38 patients with normal weight were participated in our study. The odds of smoking were found to be a significant socio-demographic risk factor (OR: 4.42, 95% CI 0.93–20.33 and P<0.001) compared to non-smokers. The PAK categories such as A, B & D had associated with BMI. The OR, 95% CI and P. Value are (5.610, 2.18–14.38 and P<0.001; 1.72, 0.72–4.12 and P 0.030; 2.55, 1.05–6.20 and P 0.047) except in category C. Iilliterates, low annual income, poor knowledge on T2DM and negative attitude, OR (4.50; 12.87; 10.80 and 47.66) were reported disagree or don''t know with PAK questionnaire.ConclusionThe results have impact on the design of new education programs will assist in preventing and managing complications related to T2DM.     

HLA-A, -B, -C and -DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies in the Macedonian population based on a family study

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine HLA allele and 2-, 3- and 4-loci haplotype frequencies in a sample from Macedonian population with defined haplotypes based on family history.

宁夏地区育龄妇女出生缺陷知识、态度和行为调查

目的了解宁夏育龄妇女出生缺陷知识、态度和行为情况,为确定孕前健康教育和制定相应的干预模式提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法对5808人（包括已婚代孕妇女、怀孕妇女和已生育妇女）进行调查,实际调查5383人,应答率92．7％。结果育龄妇女对引起出生缺陷原因的知晓率均在60％左右或以上;〉70％的育龄妇女预防出生缺陷的态度是积极的,特别是对医生的信任程度较高（94．1％）;除“吃保健药”以外,主动预防出生缺陷行为比例均超过70％,其中服用叶酸的比例70．1％。结论宁夏育龄妇女出生缺陷知识、态度和预防保健行为总体状况良好,为出生缺陷的预防奠定了良好的基础。     

包头市居民乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎知识、态度、行为调查

目的 了解包头居民对乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎的防治知识知晓率、态度和行为(Knowledge-attitude-practice,KAP)现况,为居民乙肝、丙肝健康教育措施调整提供依据.方法 采取分层随机抽样的方法,在包头市城区、城乡结合部和农村各随机抽取市民300人,采用面对面调查的方式,开展乙肝、丙肝防治KAP及信息获取情况的调查.结果 市民对乙肝和丙肝防治知识的总体知晓率分别为35.11％和28.22％,城市居民知晓率高于城乡结合部和农村(x2=10.753,P=0.005),城乡结合部和农村居民知晓率无统计学差异(x2 =0.415,P＞0.05).女性知晓率高于男性(x2=5.511,P＜0.05).非医护人员中,33.66％的居民因害怕被感染而选择避免与乙肝、丙肝患者交往.居民对乙肝防治知识知晓率高于丙肝.无业人员、农民和民工知晓率最低.年龄、性别、职业、受教育程度与是否掌握乙肝、丙肝防控知识知晓率有关.结论 包头市居民乙肝和丙肝防治知识知晓率水平较低,应加强对市民(尤其是高危人群)的健康教育,采取有效宣教措施提高居民防治知识的知晓率.     

The expression of miR-375 in prostate cancer: A study based on GEO,TCGA data and bioinformatics analysis

BackgroundMiR-375, as a member of miRNA family, plays essential roles in prostate cancer (PC). We purpose to explore the expression and possible molecular mechanism of the miR-375 in PC using database analysis.MethodsFirst, Student’s t-test, overall and subgroup meta-analyses with 20 eligible datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were performed to explore the expression of miR-375 in PC. Then the results of meta-analyses were verified in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database by Student’s t-test and Paired t-test. The candidate genes of miR-375 were predicted by four platforms. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the potential molecular mechanism of miR-375 in PC.ResultsThe overall meta-analysis showed the expression of miR-375 was significantly up-regulated in PC groups compared with non-cancerous group (SMD; 0.71; 95% CI: 0.38–1.04). In addition, the meta-analyses by subgroup showed the expression of miR-375 in PC tissues was higher than that in healthy prostate tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. The results of TCGA database verified the expression of miR-375 in PC tissues was obviously higher than that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Moreover, GO and KEGG analysis revealed that the latent target genes were mainly involved in protein binding function and ubiquitin mediated proteolysis. PPI analysis identified JAK2, EHMT1 and QKI as the hub genes (highly connected genes with high degree in PPI).ConclusionsMiR-375 was up-regulated in PC tissues. Meanwhile, miR-375 may play an important role in aggressive PC by targeting its potential target genes.