保留肾单位手术治疗T1b期肾细胞癌的临床疗效

目的探讨保留肾单位手术(NSS)治疗T1b期肾细胞癌(RCC)的临床疗效及术后肾功能变化情况。方法回顾性分析我院2016年6月至2018年6月行NSS的40例T1b期RCC患者临床资料,并与同期行NSS的52例T1a期RCC患者的临床资料进行比较。进一步分析T1b期RCC患者行NSS术后肾小球滤过率(GFR)变化情况,根据热缺血时间(WIT)将T1b期RCC患者分为短时组(WIT≤25min)和长时组(WIT>25min),比较两组肾功能变化情况。结果 T1b组肿瘤最大径、R.E.N.A.L.评分、手术时间、WIT均高于T1a组,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。两组术中出血量、术后住院时间、输血率、术后并发症、术后6个月总GFR、阳性切缘均无显著差异(P>0.05)。两组患者在随访期间均未发现复发及远处转移。T1b期RCC患者患侧肾脏术后6个月GFR与术前相比明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。T1b期RCC长时组患者患肾术后GFR下降程度明显高于短时组(P<0.05)。结论 NSS治疗T1b期RCC是一种安全有效的治疗方式,手术风险、并发症、术后总GFR及短期肿瘤学预后与T1a期RCC相似,术中应尽量控制WIT在25min以内。     

术中热缺血对T_1期肾癌微创手术患者肾脏功能损伤的研究

目的:探讨术中热缺血时间(warm ischemia time,WIT)对T1期肾癌微创手术患者肾脏功能损伤的影响。方法:选取行腹腔镜肾部分切除术(laparoscopic partial nephrectomy,LPN)T1期肾癌患者41例,观察患者术前、术后3个月及12个月的术侧肾小球滤过率(single glomerular filtration rates,sGFR)值,分析患者术后肾功能状况,回归分析肾功能损害的影响因素。结果:术后3个月[(26.6±5.1)ml/min]、12个月[(28.7±5.2)ml/min]患侧肾sGFR均显著低于术前[(31.8±5.8)ml/min](P<0.05);术后3个月与术后12个月相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。WIT与术前sGFR值无相关性(r=0.232,P>0.05),与术后3个月(r=-0.374,P<0.01)、12个月(r=-0.395,P<0.01)分别成负相关。术前sGFR值为正向预测(β=0.192,P<0.01)肾功能损害,WIT(β=-0.183,P<0.05)为负向预测肾功能损害。WIT≤30 min患者的肿瘤最大径[(3.3±1.2)cm vs.(4.7±1.8)cm]、术后3个月患侧肾sGFR与术前比较的损失值[(3.1±1.9)ml/min vs.(8.4±6.3)ml/min]显著低于WIT>30 min的患者(P<0.05)。WIT在30 min内对肾功能的损害相对较小。结论:T1期肾癌患者行LPN术中WIT越长、术前sGFR值越低,对肾功能的损害越严重。     

保留肾单位术后患肾进行性萎缩危险因素分析

目的探讨保留肾单位手术(NSS)术后患侧肾脏慢性损伤进展特征及危险因素。方法基于3D Slicer测量分析在解放军总医院泌尿外科行NSS治疗的210例患者术后肾实质体积(RPV)变化特征, RPV萎缩率/年≥5%为萎缩组, <5%为非萎缩组, 萎缩组77例, 男57例, 女20例;肥胖[体重指数(BMI)≥25]48例;高血压38例;肿瘤T分期为T1a期68例, T1b期9例。非萎缩组133例, 男106例, 女27例;肥胖72例;高血压34例;肿瘤T分期为T1a期119例, T1b期14例。多因素Logistic回归分析NSS术后患肾进行性萎缩的独立危险因素。结果 NSS术后首次复查时, 患侧RPV为(140.41±34.73) ml, 术后末次复查时, 下降至(131.29±34.98) ml(t=9.450, P<0.05)。萎缩组77例, 非萎缩组133例, 单因素分析:年龄≥60岁(χ2=6.803, P<0.05)、高血压(χ2=12.247, P<0.05)、热缺血时间(WIT)≥25 min(χ2=8.587, P<0.05)是危险因素。多...     

热缺血时间对腹腔镜肾部分切除术后肾功能的影响

目的评估热缺血时间(WIT)对腹腔镜肾部分切除术后肾功能的影响。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2020年10月北京大学人民医院344例接受腹腔镜肾部分切除术患者的临床资料。男240例, 女104例;中位年龄57(23～89)岁;中位体质指数25.6(16.7～36.0)kg/m2;213例伴高血压病, 66例伴糖尿病;92例有吸烟史。术前肌酐中位值73(32～170)μmol/L;术前估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)中位值95(33～142)ml/(min·1.73m2)。肿瘤最大径中位值2.5(7～9)cm。344例均行腹腔镜肾部分切除术, 肾动脉阻断方式均为热缺血。使用限制性立方样条回归分析评估WIT与术后eGFR变化百分比[(术后eGFR-术前eGFR)/术前eGFR×100%]的相关性。根据术中WIT将患者分为WIT<20 min组、20 min≤WIT<30 min组和WIT≥30 min组, 比较3组的临床资料, 并采用协方差分析法对术前eGFR和肿瘤直径进行校正。结果 344例均顺利完成手术。术后病理提示透明细胞癌299例, 乳头状肾细胞癌22例, 嫌色细胞癌11...     

超选择性肾分支动脉栓塞联合零缺血后LPN对T1期肾癌患者术后肾功能影响

目的探讨数字减影技术(DSA)超选择性肾分支动脉栓塞联合零缺血后腹腔镜肾部分切除术(LPN)治疗T1期肾癌的安全性及对患者肾功能的影响。方法选择2017年5月至2020年4月在本院因T1期肾癌行后LPN的39例患者, 术前1～12 h先在介入手术室行DSA超选择性肾肿瘤靶动脉栓塞, 然后再行后腹腔镜下零缺血肾部分切除术。对患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后胃肠道功能恢复所需时间、术后住院时间等进行分析, 比较术前24 h和术后24 h、7 d、30 d的血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)水平, 同时对患者术前及术后6个月的分肾小球滤过率(GFR)结果进行分析。结果所有手术均成功完成。患者手术时间为(123.2±7.6) min, 术中出血量为(108.5±66.3)mL, 术后胃肠道功能恢复时间为(2.5±0.6)d, 术后住院时间为(7.6±1.5)d。术前及术后的Scr、BUN水平比较, 差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);术后6个月患肾的GFR为(45.6±8.4)mL/min, 较术前的(59.0±9.5)mL/min降低(P<0.001), 而健侧肾的术后GFR...     

机器人辅助腹腔镜与腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗完全内生型肾肿瘤的疗效比较

目的比较机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术(RAPN)与腹腔镜肾部分切除术(LPN)治疗完全内生型肾肿瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2021年6月南昌大学第一附属医院行RAPN或LPN的73例完全内生型肾肿瘤患者的临床资料。RAPN组29例, 男21例, 女8例;年龄(48.6±13.7)岁, 肿瘤最大径(2.9±0.9)cm;左侧13例, 右侧16例;R.E.N.A.L.评分(9.2±1.0)分;术前估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)(82.6±10.7) ml/(min·1.73 m2)。LPN组44例, 男27例, 女17例;年龄(50.1±12.3)岁;肿瘤最大径(2.9±0.9)cm;左侧24例, 右侧20例;R.E.N.A.L.评分(9.1±1.3)分;术前eGFR(81.7±9.6) ml/(min·1.73 m2)。两组术前一般资料差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。比较两组手术时间、热缺血时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后并发症及术后3个月eGFR变化情况。结果两组均无中转开放及根治手术病例。RAPN组与LPN组手术时间[140(80, 160) min与150...     

肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤的安全性及疗效分析

目的 评价肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤的安全性及有效性.方法 回顾性分析56例行肾部分切除术患者的临床资料.术中肾动脉阻断时间≤30 min者28例.＞30 min者28例.采用99Tcm-DTPA肾核素扫描检测术前术后分肾的肾小球滤过率(GFR),比较两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后住院日、并发症发生率以及术前、术后1周和术后6个月的GFR值,明确肾热缺血安全时限,并随访远期生存情况.结果 术后随访30～48个月,平均36个月,总体生存率和肿瘤无复发生存率分别为100%和98%.阻断时间≤30 min和＞30 min组患者术中失血量、手术时间、术后住院日及并发症比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组术前患肾GFR分别为(42.9±4.9)、(42.8±5.6)ml/min,术后1周为(34.2±4.9)和(30.4±5.2)ml/min,前者GFR降低程度低于后者,差异有统计学意义(p=0.007).术后6个月时肾热缺血时间≤30 min组患肾GFR为(41.2±4.3)ml/min,与术前相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);＞30 min组GFR为(38.1±5.0)ml/min,仍明显低于术前水平(P=0.001).结论 肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤局部复发率低,远期生存率高,并发症发生率低,而且能最大限度地保留功能性肾单位,安全有效.术中阻断肾血管可以有效减少术中失血,将热缺血时间控制在30 min内,对肾功能影响较小,安全可行.

Abstract：

Objective To report the safety and efficacy of partial nephrectomy (PN) in 56 patients with renal tumors. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 56 patients who were treated with PN.Patients were divided into two groups according to the occlusion time.The occlusion time for Group 1 was≤30 min in 28 cases,and Group 2＞30 min in 28 cases.All patients underwent pre-and post-operation 99Tcm-diethylenetriamine pentoacetic acid renal scintigraphy, to determine the renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR).The GFR values, amount of blood loss during operation,operative time,postoperative hospital stay and the complications rate were compared between the two groups prior to surgery and one week and six months post-surgery.All patients were followed-up.Results The average follow-up time was 36 (30-48) months.The overall survival rate and tumor recurrence-free survival rate were 100% and 98%.There was no significant difference between vessel clamp time≤30 min and＞30 min in the amount of intraoperative blood loss,operative time,postoperative hospital stay and complications rate,P values were 0.266,0.487,0.879 and 1.000.The preoperative and 1 week postoperative GFR values of the two groups were (42.9±4.9) and (34.2±4.9),(42.8±5.6) and (30.4±5.2) ml/min.The difference was significant(P=0.007).The GFR values were (41.2±4.3)ml/min at 6 months after surgery for Group 1,compared with that before surgery,but the difference was not significant (P＞0.05).While the GFR values were (38.1±5.0) ml/min for Group 2,and the GFR for Group 2 did not recover to the preoperative level (P=0.001). Conelusions PN for renal tumors could be a safe and effective treatment option.The damage on renal function could be minimal when the renal artery clamping time is controlled to within 30 min.     

免打结倒刺缝线与传统可吸收缝线在腹腔镜下肾部分切除术中的比较研究

目的:探讨免打结倒刺缝线在腹腔镜下肾部分切除术中应用的安全性及效果。方法:回顾性分析2013年6月~2014年6月由同一组术者完成的腹腔镜下肾部分切除术27例,术中均采用分层连续缝合。根据缝合方法不同分为两组:A组(免打结缝线组,n=14),B组(传统可吸收线组,n=13)。对两者的术中出血量、手术时间、热缺血时间(warm ischemia time,WIT)、术后并发症、术后住院时间、术前与术后患肾肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)进行对比研究。结果:27例腹腔镜下肾部分切除全部顺利完成,无一例中转开放或行肾脏切除。A、B两组手术时间分别为(72±12)min、(80±10)min,术中出血量分别为(130±6.5)ml、(132±7)ml,术后住院时间分别为(6.2±0.6)d、(6.4±0.5)d,两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后A组无尿漏、无继发性出血等并发症,B组出血伴尿漏1例,但两组术后并发症比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A、B两组的WIT分别为(18±4)min、(24±3)min,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。A、B两组术前患肾GFR分别为(42.8±3.8)、(42.6±4.0)ml/min,术后1个月分别为(35.8±3.6)、(31.6±3.9)ml/min,A组GFR降低程度明显低于后者(P0.01)。术后3个月分别为(40.9±3.9)、(39.6±4.2)ml/min,与术前相比,两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:新型免打结倒刺缝线在腹腔镜下肾部分切除术中的应用安全有效,可缩短WIT,减少手术并发症,术后恢复快,具有较好的安全性和可行性,大大缩短学习曲线,值得临床广泛推广。     

核素肾动态显像在单侧上尿路梗阻术后疗效评价中的应用价值

目的:评价核素肾动态显像对单侧上尿路梗阻肾功能及其术后疗效的评估能力,探讨该显像方法对临床外科治疗的指导意义。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月~2017年7月我院收治的确诊为单侧上尿路梗阻患者105例。通过放射性核素锝标记二乙三胺五醋酸(~(99m)Tc-DTPA)行肾动态显像,应用Gates法测定肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR),按术前患肾GFR下降程度分为轻、中、重及极重度组,并对肾图类型进行分析。患者均行手术解除梗阻,术后1~16个月复查肾动态显像,分析手术前后GFR及恢复差值、术后GFR增长值与复查时间的关系。结果:轻、中、重度组GFR均值较术前比较有明显增加,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);极重度组结果与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.032);轻度组与中度组间、重度组与极重度组间GFR恢复差值的差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但轻、中度组术后GFR恢复差值大于重度、极重度组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。极重度组3例经过临床评估行肾切除术;5例解除梗阻3个月后GFR恢复到10ml/(min·1.73m~2)以上,平均恢复(5.43±1.37)ml/(min·1.73m~2);所有患者中有16例术后GFR不同程度的降低。梗阻肾的4种肾图类型中,低水平延长型的患肾术后肾小球滤过功能恢复明显低于其余3组。不同复查时间的组别间术后GFR增长值的差异无统计学意义(F=1.056,P=0.352)。结论:上尿路梗阻解除后患肾的平均恢复能力与术前损害程度相关;部分术前评估在以往认为可切除的患肾,解除梗阻后GFR能恢复至可保留的水平。核素肾动态显像获得的GFR值及肾图不仅能反映单侧上尿路梗阻肾功能的受损程度,还可以评估其解除梗阻后功能恢复的能力,方法简便,可重复性好,对临床外科的治疗有重要的指导意义。     

婴幼儿双供肾成人肾移植临床效果研究

目的探讨婴幼儿双供肾成人肾移植的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年12月至2020年11月中山大学附属第一医院25例婴幼儿双供肾成人肾移植的供、受者临床资料。计算术后1、3、5年受者和移植肾存活率,观察受者术后肾功能恢复情况及术后不良事件发生情况。结果25例婴幼儿双供肾成人肾移植受者的第1、3、5年存活率均为95.8%,移植肾及死亡删失移植肾的第1、3、5年存活率均为87.2%。1例受者因急性下壁心肌梗死死亡,3例受者分别因移植肾血管血栓形成或输尿管狭窄、尿漏导致移植肾功能丧失。除受者移植肾功能丧失及死亡外,术后1、2、3年估算肾小球滤过率分别为:(99.35±21.78)ml/(min·1.73 m2)、(103.11±29.20)ml/(min·1.73 m2)、(114.99±28.55)ml/(min·1.73 m2)。结论婴幼儿器官捐献供肾的双肾成人肾移植的总体移植效果较满意,做好供、受者匹配,规范供肾获取及手术流程,加强围术期管理可提高成人受者长期疗效,可作为扩大供者来源的重要途径。     

A comparison of renal preservation by cold storage and machine perfusion using a porcine autotransplant model

BACKGROUND: Pulsatile machine perfusion offers theoretical advantages as a method of preserving kidneys before transplantation. This may be particularly the case for organs taken from non-heart-beating donors (NHBD), but there is still a lack of data to support this view. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of static cold storage in ice (CS) and hypothermic pulsatile machine perfusion (MP) as methods of renal transplant preservation. METHODS: Groups of large white pigs (n=5) underwent left nephrectomy after warm ischemic times (WIT) of 0 or 30 min. Kidneys were preserved by CS or by cold (3degrees-8degreesC) MP for 24 hr. The left kidney was then autotransplanted into the right iliac fossa and an immediate right nephrectomy was performed. Renal function was assessed daily for 14 days. RESULTS: Fourteen-day animal survival rates for 0 and 30 min WIT were four of five and one of five after both CS and MP. In the zero WIT groups, there was improved recovery of renal function after MP (area under the creatinine curve, 4,722+/-2,496 [MP] vs. 8,849+/-2,379 [CS]; P<0.05). MP did not improve renal function after 30 min of WIT (mean daily area under the creatinine curve, 1,077+/-145 [MP] vs. 1,049+/-265 [CS]). CONCLUSIONS: In this model, MP improved 24-hr preservation of kidneys not subjected to warm ischemia (heart-beating donor model), but there was no evidence that MP was a better method of preservation than CS for kidneys exposed to 30 min of WIT (NHBD model).     

The effect of warm ischemic time on renal function and injury in the isolated hemoperfused kidney

BACKGROUND: The precise effect of warm ischemia on renal allograft function remains unclear and leads to variable warm ischemic time (WIT) limits advocated by transplant programs. This study aims to investigate the relationship between WIT, renal ischemia reperfusion injury, and graft function using a hemoperfused kidney model. METHODS: Porcine kidneys were perfused with normothermic blood on an isolated organ perfusion system. Kidneys were divided into four groups (n=6) and subjected to 7, 15, 25, and 40 min WIT. Physiological parameters were measured throughout the 6 hr perfusion period. Serum, tissue, and urine samples were analyzed for histological and biochemical markers of ischemia reperfusion injury. RESULTS: Creatinine clearance, urine output, renal hemodynamics, and oxygen consumption deteriorated proportionally with increasing WIT. A significant increase in plasma carbonyl levels during perfusion was seen after 25 and 40 min WIT only. Plasma 8-isoprostane levels were higher after 40 min WIT (2.5+/-1.6) vs. 7, 15, and 25 min WIT (0.65+/-0.43, 0.25+/-0.12, and 0.62+/-0.21, respectively; P<0.05). A negative correlation was shown between urine output and plasma carbonyls (r=-0.415, P<0.05) and between 8-isoprostane levels and creatinine clearance (r=-0.649, P<0.005). Caspase-3 activity was significantly higher after 7 min WIT compared with the other groups, correlating positively with creatinine clearance, urine output, and renal blood flow. CONCLUSION: The isolated organ perfusion system successfully delineated a clear WIT-dependent variation in renal function which correlated accurately with oxidative injury markers. This model may represent a clinically applicable tool for assessing graft viability.     

Renal damage caused by warm ischaemia during laparoscopic and robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: an assessment using Tc 99m-DTPA glomerular filtration rate

Background

Few studies assessing the functional change of each kidney following warm ischaemia after partial nephrectomy are available.

Objectives

Our aim was to identify the effects of the warm ischaemic time (WIT) on renal function after partial nephrectomy under the pneumoperitoneum.

Design, setting, and participants

Forty-four consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) or robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) from June 2008 to May 2009 for a single cT1 renal tumour were included in this prospective protocol.

Measurements

Technetium Tc 99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Tc 99m-DTPA) renal scintigraphy was used to determine the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of both kidneys and each kidney individually. Tc 99m-DTPA GFR was performed preoperatively and 3 mo postoperatively. In addition, we analysed Tc 99m-DTPA scintigraphy GFR regionally in the healthy areas of the affected kidney.

Results and limitations

Patients with WIT >28 min had a significantly greater decrease in the GFR of the affected kidney (p = 0.031). The GFR of the affected kidney showed a significant decrease perioperatively (46.4 ± 14.3 to 37.9 ± 11.9 ml/min per 1.73 m²; p = 0.003). The functional change of the nonaffected kidney showed an increasing trend (47.5 ± 13.8 to 51.4 ± 14.3 ml/min per 1.73 m²), although it was not statistically significant (p = 0.103). Regional Tc 99m-DTPA GFR of both affected kidney and nonaffected kidney showed no significant differences perioperatively (6.3 ± 1.8 to 6.1 ± 1.9 ml/min per 1.73 m²; p = 0.641; 6.6 ± 1.9 to 7.1 ± 2.0 ml/min per 1.73 m²; p = 0.200). On multivariate analysis, preoperative GFR, resected volume of marginal healthy tissue, and WIT were independent predictors for functional reduction of the affected kidney (p < 0.05). The study was limited by small numbers and short follow-up periods.

Conclusions

Stationary overall renal function after LPN or RAPN is masked possibly by functional compensation of the contralateral healthy kidney. The damage of the affected kidney estimated by scintigraphy occurs when WIT exceeds 28 min during partial nephrectomy under the pneumoperitoneum.     

Improved outcomes in cadaveric renal allografts with pulsatile preservation

BACKGROUND: Early immunologic and non-immunologic injury of renal allografts adversely affects long-term graft survival. Some degree of preservation injury is inevitable in cadaveric renal transplantation, and, with the reduction in early acute rejection, this non-immunologic injury has assumed a greater relative importance. Optimal graft preservation will maximize the chances of early graft function and long-term graft survival, but the best method of preservation pulsatile perfusion (PP) versus cold storage (CS) is debated. METHODS: Primary cadaveric kidney recipients from January 1990 through December 1995 were evaluated. The effects of implantation warm ischemic time (WIT) ( < or = 20 min, 21-40 min, or > 40 min) and total ischemic time (TIT) ( < or > or = 20 h) on death-censored graft survival were compared between kidneys preserved by PP versus those preserved by CS. The effect of preservation method on delayed graft function (DGF) was also examined. RESULTS: There were 568 PP kidneys and 268 CS kidneys. Overall death-censored graft survival was not significantly different between groups, despite worse donor and recipient characteristics in the PP group. CS kidneys with an implantation WIT > 40 min had worse graft survival than those with < 40 min (p = 0.0004). Survival of PP kidneys and those transplanted into 2 DR-matched recipients was not affected by longer implantation WIT. Longer TIT did not impact survival. DGF was more likely after CS preservation (20.2% versus 8.8%, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Preservation with PP improves early graft function and lessens the adverse effect of increased warm ischemia in cadaveric renal transplantation. This method is likely associated with less preservation injury and/or increases the threshold for injury from other sources and is superior to CS.     

The use of the endothelin receptor antagonist, tezosentan, before or after renal ischemia protects renal function

BACKGROUND: Utilization of organs subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury could expand the donor pool. Endothelin (ET) is implicated in renal I/R injury. Therefore, our study compared the effectiveness of pre- and postischemic administration of the ET receptor antagonist, Tezosentan, in preserving renal function. METHODS: In a rat model, a kidney was subjected to 45 min of ischemia along with a contralateral nephrectomy. After 24 hr of reperfusion, renal function was assessed by serum creatinine (Scr), inulin clearance (glomerular filtration rate; GFR), and histology. ET-1 peptide expression was localized using immunohistochemistry. Three groups were studied: I/R untreated (n=17), I/R pretreated (n=11), and I/R posttreated (n=13) with Tezosentan (15 mg/kg, i.v.). RESULTS: Tezosentan significantly decreased (P<0.05) the rise in Scr from I/R injury (2.0+/-0.4 mg/dl, before and 2.9+/-0.4 mg/dl, after treatment) compared with untreated animals (4.2+/-0.4 mg/dl). GFR was significantly increased (P<0.05) from 0.13+/-0.03 ml/min (untreated animals) to 0.74+/-0.16 and 0.47+/-0.14 ml/min (pre- and posttreated animals). Untreated animals had significant cortical acute tubular necrosis, which was almost completely prevented by pretreatment with Tezosentan and markedly reduced by posttreatment. Increased ET-1 peptide expression was noted in the renal vasculature and in the cortical tubular epithelium of kidneys exposed to I/R. CONCLUSIONS: The purpose of this study was to optimize the function of kidneys exposed to I/R injury. Pretreatment as well as posttreatment with Tezosentan successfully decreased Scr, increased GFR, and maintained renal architecture in kidneys after ischemia. Therefore, ET receptor antagonists may be useful to preserve renal function in the transplantation setting.     

肾部分切除术后术肾功能影响因素37例分析

目的探讨肾部分切除术后术肾功能的主要影响因素。方法回顾性分析2007年10月~2009年7月37例肾癌患者行开放肾部分切除术的临床资料。其中3例为双侧肾癌患者。采用99 mTc-DTPA肾核素扫描评估术前及术后3月术侧肾的肾小球滤过率（GFR）。术中所有患者行单独肾动脉阻断。统计学分析应用t检验和多变量回归分析。结果手术时间80~195min,平均（122.51±25.86）min。肾动脉阻断时间（24.51±8.05）min。肿瘤大小（3.62±0.76）cm。术前及术后3月术肾GFR分别是（47.19±6.85）、（30.40±8.87）mL/min。术侧肾术后GFR下降（16.79±6.35）mL/min,与术前相比下降约34%。经随访3~21月,无复发及转移病例。患者全部无瘤生存。多元回归分析显示,年龄（P=0.004）、术前术肾GFR（P=0.000）及肾动脉阻断时间（P=0.000）对术肾功能的影响有统计学意义。结论年龄、术前术肾肾小球滤过率及肾动脉阻断时间是影响术后肾功能的主要因素。     

Renal parenchymal volume increases after contralateral nephrectomy: assessment using three-dimensional ultrasonography

We investigated the relationship between changes in renal parenchymal volume (RPV) and renal function after a unilateral nephrectomy. In all 46 consecutive patients undergoing unilateral nephrectomy were included. Three-dimensional ultrasonography was performed before surgery (n=46) and at 4.3±1.9 h (n=46), 2 days (n=39), and 7 days (n=43) after surgery to determine RPV. The mean RPV of the remaining kidney was 104.7 mL before surgery, 116.1 mL (+13.2%) at 4.3 h, 122.7 mL (+18.2%) at 2 days, and 117.6 mL (+13.3%) at 7 days after surgery. Sequential volume measurements during surgery (n=5) revealed that the transection of the renal artery was followed by an increase in RPV on the contralateral side at 60-90 min. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that RPV was positively associated with the single-kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and body surface area in both the preoperative and postoperative states. An increase in the single-kidney GFR was not seen at 2 years in patients with an RPV increase of <5% at 1 week (102.9±8.4%, P=0.322), but was still significant in the other patients (115.5±21.0%, P<0.001). These findings suggest that kidney volume may increase due to enlargement of the vascular bed caused by increased renal blood flow during the acute phase. Thereafter, histological hypertrophic responses may replace the hemodynamic changes in the chronic phase.