急性缺血性脑卒中患者脑灌注改变与可能干预靶点

目的观察急性缺血性脑卒中患者病灶区与病灶周围区灌注参数的变化,探讨可能干预治疗的作用靶点。方法选择2015-03—2016-03连续入组的发病时间在72h以内急性缺血性脑卒中住院患者,入院后24~48h内行磁共振灌注检查,灌注参数包括脑血容量(CBV)、脑血流量(CBF)、平均通过时间(MTT)和达峰时间(TTP)。应用视觉评定法判断是否存在灌注异常将患者分为灌注正常组和异常组;采用图像融合技术和同心圆定标法确定位于病灶区和病灶周围区的兴趣区(ROI)和其镜像区(ROM),自动计算ROI、ROM信号值;以ROI/ROM作为灌注参数相对值即rCBV、rCBF、rMTT、rTTP进行比较。结果共入组患者158例,灌注异常113例,灌注正常45例,异常率72%。与灌注正常组比较,无论病灶区还是病灶周围区,灌注异常组患者均表现为rCBV升高(CBV与信号值成反比)、rCBF减少、rMTT和rTTP延长,与灌注正常组差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。在灌注异常组患者病灶区和病灶周围区CBV减少存在低灌注;MTT和TTP延长存在血流淤滞;而灌注正常组患者则表现为CBV增加出现高灌注;MTT和TTP正常,无明显血流淤滞。改善灌注异常组患者病灶和病灶周围区CBV成为临床干预治疗的可能靶点。结论改善病灶区和其周围区域的CBV,为急性缺血性脑卒中患者的临床治疗提供了可能的治疗靶点和客观判断标准。     

大脑中动脉重度狭窄及闭塞患者侧支循环及脑灌注评估与预后的关系

目的 探讨大脑中动脉重度狭窄及闭塞的急性脑梗死患者责任血管范围侧支循环及磁共振灌注状态与预后的关系。方法 选取2018年1月-2019年7月在徐州医科大学附属医院神经内科住院行CT血管成像检查诊断单侧大脑中动脉重度狭窄及闭塞的急性脑梗死患者79例,根据侧支循环情况分为侧支循环良好组及侧支循环不良组,均行磁共振灌注加权成像检查,比较灌注参数情况、入院时与治疗7 d后NIHSS评分及出院3个月后的MRS评分、出院3个月内终点事件情况。结果(1)侧支循环良好组患侧rCBV增加,rTTP、rMTT延长(P均<0.01); 侧支循环不良组患侧rTTP、rMTT延长,患侧rCBF降低(P<0.01);(2)侧支循环不良组患侧rMTT、rCBV低于侧支循环良好组(P<0.05);(3)侧支循环良好组入院时、治疗7 d后NIHSS评分、出院3个月后MRS评分、出院3个月内终点事件发生率均较侧支循环不良组低(P<0.05)。结论 良好的侧支循环及脑灌注状态对大脑中动脉重度狭窄及闭塞导致急性脑梗死患者的预后改善有重要意义     

急性脑梗死的320排动态容积CT脑灌注成像研究

目的研究320排动态容积CT全脑灌注成像(CTP)在脑梗死患者中的价值。方法对2014-01—2016-01驻马店市中心医院收治的33例脑梗死患者采取CT全脑灌注成像检查,测量梗死核心区、缺血半暗带(IP)与健侧镜像区的脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)、达峰时间(TTP)及平均通过时间(MTT)值,计算梗死核心区及IP的相对脑血流量(rCBF)、相对脑血容量(rCBV)、相对达峰时间(rTTP)、相对平均通过时间(rMTT),并进行对比分析。结果 33例患者中,头颅平扫发现9例早期脑梗死征象,其余24例未发现异常。33例患者行CTP成像均发现异常灌注区,其中25例存在IP;与健侧镜像区对比,CBV无显著差异(P0.05),而TTP、MTT值明显延长,CBF显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与梗死核心区对比,CBF、CBV升高,TTP缩短,MTT延长,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。IP区与梗死核心区rCBF、rCBV、rTTP、rMTT对比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。10例超急性期(发病6h以内)、15例急性期(发病6~72h)中11例、8例亚急性期(发病72h~14d)中4例存在IP。缺血半暗带分期:Ⅰ2期6例,Ⅱ1期12例,Ⅱ2期7例。结论 320排动态容积CT全脑灌注成像可通过注射一次对比剂获得常规CT、CTP、CTA数据,对脑梗死患者的病变部位、范围及有无IP等提供明确的影像学依据,且可对IP进行分期,为临床实现对患者的个体化治疗提供了可能,且显著降低了患者所受的辐射剂量,安全性高。     

椎动脉发育不全对小脑后下动脉供血区脑灌注的影响

目的探讨椎动脉发育不全(vertebral artery hypoplasia,VAH)对小脑后下动脉供血区脑灌注的影响。方法选择2014-12—2015-07年龄≥30岁并行头颅磁共振灌注成像和头颈部三维对比增强磁共振血管造影检查的头晕或眩晕患者244例。获脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)、平均通过时间(MTT)和达峰时间(TTP)灌注图,测量一侧小脑后下动脉供血区及对侧镜像区的灌注参数值(CBF、CBV、MTT、TTP),计算椎动脉直径较小侧/对侧镜像区的灌注参数相对比值(rCBF、rCBV、rMTT、rTTP)。定义VAH为椎动脉直径≤2mm,或双侧椎动脉不对称比≥1.7:1,分为VAH组和non-VAH(Nonhypoplasitic vertebral artey)组,对临床资料和小脑、延髓灌参数相对比值进行比较。结果共纳入114例患者,男女各57例;VAH组31例(27.2%),左侧5例(16%),右侧26例(84%);Non-VAH组83例。2组间VA直径较小侧与对侧的rTTP和rCBF≤0.85的例数存在显著统计学差异(P值分别为0.005,0.031);rCBF倾向于有统计学差异(P=0.098);rCBV、rMTT及rCBV≤0.85例数无显著统计学差异。结论 VAH可以造成小脑后下动脉供血区域低灌注改变,且以TTP延长或CBF降低为主。     

Perfusion Imaging Collateral Scores Predict Infarct Growth in Non-Reperfused DEFUSE 3 Patients

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the associations of perfusion imaging collateral profiles with radiographic and clinical outcome in late presenting, non-reperfused patients in the DEFUSE 3 clinical trial.MethodsNon-reperfused patients in both treatment arms were included. Baseline ischemic core, Tmax >6s, and Tmax >10s perfusion volumes were calculated with RAPID software; infarct volumes obtained 24 hours after randomization were manually determined from DWI or CT. Substantial infarct growth was defined as a >25mL increase between baseline and 24-hour follow-up. Hypoperfusion Intensity Ratio (HIR) was defined as the proportion of the Tmax >6s lesion with Tmax >10s delay; CBV index was calculated by RAPID from mean CBV values within the Tmax >6s lesion compared to regions of normal CBV.ResultsEighty-four patients were included. ROC analysis showed HIR ≥0.34 (AUC=0.68) and CBV index ≤0.74 (AUC=0.72) optimally predicted substantial infarct growth in follow-up. Median growth was 23.4 versus 73.2mL with HIR threshold of 0.34 (p=0.005), and 24.3 versus 58.7mL with CBV index threshold of 0.74 (p=0.004). If baseline HIR and CBV index were both favorable, median growth was 21.7mL, 40.9mL if one was favorable, and 108.2mL if both were unfavorable (p<0.001). Baseline perfusion profile was not associated with 90-day functional outcome.ConclusionsPerfusion collateral scores forecast infarct growth in late presenting, non-reperfused ischemic stroke patients. These parameters may be useful for guiding transfer decisions, such as need for repeat imaging upon thrombectomy center arrival, and may help identify slow progressing patients more likely to have persistent salvageable ischemic tissue beyond 24 hours.     

多时相CTA联合CTP全脑灌注成像在缺血性脑卒中患者侧支循环影像学诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨多时相CTA联合CTP全脑灌注成像在缺血性脑卒中患者侧支循环影像学诊断中的应用价值。方法 选择2016年3月-2019年3月本院收治的83例缺血性脑卒中患者作为观察对象,经ASPECTS侧支评估法实施侧支循环分级,将得分0～3分患者纳入侧支循环不良组,将得分4～5分者纳入侧支循环良好组; 通过NIHSS评分判定缺血性脑卒中患者预后,分析侧支循环和缺血性脑卒中患者预后的相关性。结果 侧支循环良好组患者的梗死核心区rMTT、rCBV、rTTP均高于侧支循环不良组(P<0.05); 2组患者梗死核心区rCBF比较无明显差异(P>0.05); 侧支循环良好组、侧支循环不良组患者的缺血半暗带rMTT、rCBV、rTTP比较无明显差异(P>0.05); 侧支循环良好组患者的缺血半暗带rCBF高于侧支循环不良组(P<0.05); 侧支循环良好组、侧支循环不良组患者入院时NIHSS评分比较无明显差异(P>0.05); 侧支循环良好组患者入院2周后、随访3个月后的NIHSS评分均低于侧支循环不良组(P<0.05)。结论 多时相CTA联合CTP全脑灌注成像在缺血性脑卒中患者侧支循环影像学诊断中能评估侧支循环水平,而建立良好的侧支循环能改善缺血性脑卒中患者的预后。     

Predictive value of the velocity of collateral filling in patients with acute ischemic stroke

The velocity of collateral filling can be assessed in dynamic time-resolved computed tomography (CT) angiographies and may predict initial CT perfusion (CTP) and follow-up lesion size. We included all patients with an M1± internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion and follow-up imaging from an existing cohort of 1791 consecutive patients who underwent multimodal CT for suspected stroke. The velocity of collateral filling was quantified using the delay of time-to-peak (TTP) enhancement of the M2 segment distal to the occlusion. Cerebral blood volume (CBV) and mean transit time (MTT)-CBV mismatch were assessed in initial CTP. Follow-up lesion size was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or non-enhanced CT (NECT). Multivariate analyses were performed to adjust for extent of collateralization and type of treatment. Our study comprised 116 patients. Multivariate analysis showed a short collateral blood flow delay to be an independent predictor of a small CBV lesion (P<0.001) and a large relative mismatch (P<0.001) on initial CTP, of a small follow-up lesion (P<0.001), and of a small difference between initial CBV and follow-up lesion size (P=0.024). Other independent predictors of a small lesion on follow-up were a high morphologic collateral grade (P=0.001), lack of an additional ICA occlusion (P=0.009), and intravenous thrombolysis (P=0.022). Fast filling of collaterals predicts initial CTP and follow-up lesion size and is independent of extent of collateralization.     

超早期溶栓治疗对缺血性卒中患者计算机断层扫描灌注成像的影响

目的 探讨超早期溶栓治疗对缺血性卒中患者计算机断层扫描（computed tomography,CT）灌注成像的影响。方法 选取发病6h内的急性缺血性卒中患者45例,随机分为溶栓组和对照组。于溶栓前、后行CT灌注成像检查,观察溶栓前后病变区相对脑血流量（relative cerebral blood flow,rCBF）、相对脑血容量（relative cerebral blood volume,rCBV）、相对平均通过时间（relative mean transit time,rMTT）的变化,于溶栓前、后进行美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（national institutes of health stroke scale,NIHSS）评分,并与对照组比较。结果 两组患者CT灌注成像均发现与临床症状对应的脑灌注异常区,表现为CBF、CBV降低,MTT延迟,表明存在缺血半暗带。溶栓组大部分患者溶栓后脑灌注情况明显改善,梗死核心区rCBF、rCBV与溶栓前差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;缺血半暗带区rCBF值显著增加（P＜0.01）,rMTT值减小（P＜0.01）。对照组常规治疗后缺血半暗带区rCBF、rCBV值明显减低,rMTT增加（P＜0.01）。治疗后两组相比,溶栓组缺血半暗带区rCBF、rCBV值较对照组明显增加,rMTT值明显减少（P＜0.01）。溶栓组神经功能恢复比率明显高于对照组（P＜0.01）。结论 急性缺血性卒中患者溶栓后缺血半暗带区rCBF显著增加,rMTT减少,神经功能缺损评分明显降低。     

CT灌注成像对烟雾病直接搭桥术后脑血流的评估

目的应用CT灌注成像(CTP)方法探讨烟雾病颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术对脑血流量的影响。方法选择2014年12月至2015年5月本院就诊的烟雾病患者35例,由全脑血管造影术(DSA)确诊为烟雾病。分别于术前、术后7d检查头颅CTP,在术侧及对侧根据患者的临床症状,划定相应位置作为感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI),取得各参数后,进行配对t检验。结果患者行颞浅-大脑中动脉搭桥术,94%患者脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)较术前增加,平均通过时间(MTT)较前缩短,达峰时间(TTP)无明显变化。术前、术后相对脑血流量(rCBF)、相对脑血容量(rCBV),相对平均通过时间(rMTT)两两比较P0.05。相对达峰时间(rTTP)P0.05。结论 CT灌注成像(CTP)对烟雾病直接搭桥术患者术前、术后脑血流的评估具有重要的临床意义。     

计算机断层扫描灌注成像对颈内动脉重度狭窄支架成形术的术前指导及术后评价

目的 探讨计算机断层扫描灌注成像（computer tomography perfusion,CTP）结合数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography,DSA）对颈内动脉重度狭窄支架成形术的术前适应证选择及术后血流变化评价的作用。方法 40例经DSA检查提示单侧颈内动脉重度狭窄患者,按照DSA检查结果对缺血部位代偿良好的20例患者行保守治疗,代偿不良的20例患者行狭窄部位支架成形术,行CTP检查,比较非手术组及手术组基线和术后1年的CT相对灌注参数,并比较手术组基线、术后7 d、术后1年的手术侧和健侧的绝对灌注参数。结果 手术组基线相对脑血流量（relative cerebral blood flow,rCBF）明显较非手术组降低,相对脑血容量（relative cerebral blood volume,rCBV）升高（P分别为0.018和0.015）,两组相对平均通过时间（relative mean transit time,rMTT）无差异,1年后手术组rMTT较非手术组低（P =0.012）,rCBF、rCBV差异无统计学意义;与健侧相比,手术组术前患侧基线平均通过时间（mean transit time,MTT）延迟、脑血流量（cerebral blood flow,CBF）减低、脑血容量（cerebral blood volume,CBV）增高,术后7 d患侧MTT缩短、CBF明显增加、CBV回落,术后1年MTT、CBF、CBV患侧与健侧相比更加接近,两组比较尽管有统计学意义（P =0.015、0.012、0.037）,但三个变量总体趋势逐渐接近;手术组术前、术后7 d、术后1年,不同时间点患侧与健侧绝对灌注参数变化有统计学意义（P =0.001,0.009,0.028）;支架成形与时间之间有交互作用（P =0.006,0.002,0.032）。结论 CTP结合DSA对颈动脉狭窄的患者合理选择手术适应证有一定指导作用。颈动脉支架成形术（carotid artery stenting,CAS）可以改善患者的脑血流状况。     

Failure of collateral blood flow is associated with infarct growth in ischemic stroke

Changes in collateral blood flow, which sustains brain viability distal to arterial occlusion, may impact infarct evolution but have not previously been demonstrated in humans. We correlated leptomeningeal collateral flow, assessed using novel perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) processing at baseline and 3 to 5 days, with simultaneous assessment of perfusion parameters. Perfusion raw data were averaged across three consecutive slices to increase leptomeningeal collateral vessel continuity after subtraction of baseline signal analogous to digital subtraction angiography. Changes in collateral quality, Tmax hypoperfusion severity, and infarct growth were assessed between baseline and days 3 to 5 perfusion–diffusion MRI. Acute MRI was analysed for 88 patients imaged 3 to 6 hours after ischemic stroke onset. Better collateral flow at baseline was associated with larger perfusion–diffusion mismatch (Spearman''s Rho 0.51, P<0.001) and smaller baseline diffusion lesion volume (Rho −0.70, P<0.001). In 30 patients without reperfusion at day 3 to 5, deterioration in collateral quality between baseline and subacute imaging was strongly associated with absolute (P=0.02) and relative (P<0.001) infarct growth. The deterioration in collateral grade correlated with increased mean Tmax hypoperfusion severity (Rho −0.68, P<0.001). Deterioration in Tmax hypoperfusion severity was also significantly associated with absolute (P=0.003) and relative (P=0.002) infarct growth. Collateral flow is dynamic and failure is associated with infarct growth.     

颅脑损伤术后颅骨修复时机的选择及其对病人神经功能的影响

目的 探讨颅脑损伤术后颅骨成形术时机对病人神经功能的影响。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年6月去骨瓣减压术治疗的112例颅脑损伤的临床资料。去骨瓣减压术后1~3个月颅骨成形术46例（早期组），去骨瓣减压术后3个月以后颅骨成形术66例（常规组）。术前及术后2周，颅脑CT灌注扫描评估脑灌注情况，包括相对局部脑血流量（rCBF）、相对脑血容量（rCBV）、相对平均通过时间（rMTT）、相对达峰时间（rTTP）；采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分评价神经功能，采用简明精神状态量表（MMSE）评分评价认知功能。术后6个月，采用GOS评分评价临床预后，4~5分为预后良好。结果 术后2周，两组rCBF、rCBV、MMSE评分均明显升高（P<0.05），rMTT、rTTP、NIHSS评分均明显降低（P<0.05），而且早期组明显优于常规组（P<0.05）。术后6个月，早期组预后良好率（86.96%，40/46）明显高于常规组（74.24%，49/66；P<0.05）。早期组术后并发症总发生率（10.87%，5/46）与常规组（16.67%，11/66）无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 颅脑损伤术后早期颅骨成形术是安全可行的，不增加并发症发生风险，有利于改善脑血流灌注状态及神经功能，改善临床预后。     

单侧大脑中动脉狭窄的脑磁共振灌注成像研究

目的探讨大脑中动脉(MCA)不同狭窄程度时的脑磁共振灌注加权成像(PWI)表现。方法对31例经DSA诊断为单侧MCA狭窄或闭塞患者行脑磁共振PWI检查,并对不同程度MCA狭窄状态下患侧和健侧大脑半球的脑灌注参数局部脑血流量(rCBF)、局部脑血容量(rCBV)、局部平均通过时间(rMTT)、局部达峰时间(rTTP)进行定量分析。结果31例患者中,DSA诊断单侧MCA轻中度狭窄14例,其中脑灌注异常11例;患侧大脑半球rTTP较健侧显著延长(P0.01)。MCA重度狭窄或闭塞17例,均出现异常灌注;患侧大脑半球rTTP较健侧显著延长(P0.01),而患侧rCBF较健侧明显减少(P0.05),患侧rMTT健侧亦显著延长(P0.05)。结论通过脑灌注成像参数综合分析,磁共振PWI能准确评估MCA狭窄程度和脑组织血供情况,可为脑缺血的临床诊断提供重要价值。     

Relationship between prolonged neural suppression and cerebral hemodynamic dysfunction during hypothermia in asphyxiated piglets

Objectives

Hypothermia (HT) improves the outcome of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Here, we investigated changes during HT in cortical electrical activity using amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) and in cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS) and compared the results with those obtained during normothermia (NT) after a hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult in a piglet model of asphyxia. We previously reported that a greater increase in CBV can indicate greater pressure-passive cerebral perfusion due to more severe brain injury and correlates with prolonged neural suppression during NT. We hypothesized that when energy metabolism is suppressed during HT, the cerebral hemodynamics of brains with severe injury would be suppressed to a greater extent, resulting in a greater decrease in CBV during HT that would correlate with prolonged neural suppression after insult.

缺血性脑卒中早期CT灌注成像的临床应用价值

目的 探讨缺血性脑卒中早期CT灌注成像（CTPI）的临床应用价值。方法 对45例发病24h内的缺血性脑卒中患者行头颅CT平扫与CTPI检查,计算缺血半暗带区及梗死区相对脑血流量（rCBF）、相对脑血容量（rCBV）、相对平均通过时间（rMTT）、相对峰值时间（rTTP）、相对峰值增强（rPE）的灌注参数及各个参数图异常灌注区面积。结果 CT平扫显示脑缺血性改变29例,其中为责任病灶21例,未见异常16例,未见责任病灶24例;对缺血性脑卒中早期诊断的敏感性为46．67％（21／45）,特异性为72．41％（21／29）。CTPI显示灌注异常44例,均为责任病灶;灌注正常1例,后经头颅MRI证实为急性脑干梗死;对缺血性脑卒中早期诊断的敏感性为97．78％（44／45）,特异性为100％（44／44）。CTPI较CT平扫对急性脑缺血性病灶更敏感（P〈0．01）。缺血半暗带区及梗死区各个灌注参数相对值之间呈正相关（均P〈0．01）。CTPI各个参数图异常灌注区面积之间呈正相关（均P〈0．01）。结论 CTPI能够早期诊断缺血性脑卒中;定量分析可区分中心梗死区、缺血半暗带区,有助于早期选择治疗方案。     

颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术治疗颈内动脉或大脑中动脉重度狭窄的血流动力学研究

目的探讨动态磁敏感对比增强灌注成像(DSC-PWI)在颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术中的应用价值,为颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术治疗颈内动脉或大脑中动脉重度狭窄和(或)闭塞提供脑血流灌注变化的影像学证据。方法共76例行单侧颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术患者,分别于术前1个月和术后1周内行头部MRI常规和DSC-PWI检查,观察手术前后基底节区层面(搭桥近端)和半卵圆中心层面(搭桥远端)大脑中动脉供血区脑血流动力学变化[包括相对脑血流量(r CBF)、相对脑血容量(r CBV)、相对平均通过时间(r MTT)和相对达峰时间(r TTP)]。结果术后患侧基底节区层面(搭桥近端)和半卵圆中心层面(搭桥远端)r CBF均较术前升高(P=0.000,0.001);仅基底节区层面r CBV较术前升高(P=0.021);基底节区层面和半卵圆中心层面r MTT(P=0.000,0.000)和r TTP(P=0.000,0.000)均较术前降低。结论颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术可以改善大脑中动脉供血区脑血流灌注。DSC-PWI能够完成对脑缺血区域血流动力学的评价,是评价手术疗效和动态观察脑血流动力学变化的最佳无创性技术。     

脑实质强化程度预测急性前循环大血管闭塞性脑梗死血管内治疗后出血转化风险研究

目的 评估急性前循环大血管闭塞性脑梗死血管内治疗术后CT平扫脑实质强化程度预测出血转化(hemorrhagic transformation,HT)的临床价值.方法 连续收集2017年1月-2019年9月在威海市中心医院及兰陵县人民医院卒中中心接受血管内治疗的急性前循环大血管闭塞性脑梗死患者的影像学资料.根据术后即刻头...     

Pre- and Post-Angioplasty Perfusion CT with Acetazolamide Challenge in Patients with Unilateral Cerebrovascular Stenotic Disease

Objective

Perfusion computed tomography (PCT) has the ability to measure quantitative value and produce maps of mean transit time (MTT), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral blood volume (CBV). We assessed cerebral hemodynamics by using these parameters and acetazolamide (ACZ) challenge for pre- and post-procedural evaluation in patients with unilateral cerebrovascular stenotic disease.

Methods

Thirty patients underwent pre-procedural PCT with ACZ challenge, and 24 patients (80%) was conducted follow up PCT after angioplasty with same protocol. The mean MTT, CBF, and CBV were measured and compared in both middle cerebral arterial (MCA) territories before and after ACZ challenge. Hemispheric ratio and percent change after ACZ challenge were calculated before and after angioplasty.

Results

The mean stenosis rate was 76.6%. Significant increases in MTT (32.6%, p=0.000) and significant decreases in CBF (-14.2%, p=0.000) were found in stenotic side MCA territories. After ACZ challenge, there were significant changes in MTT (37.4%, p=0.000), CBF (-13.1%, p=0.000), and CBV (-10.5%, p=0.001) in pre-procedural perfusion study. However, no significant increases were found in MTT, or decreases in CBF and CBV in post-procedural study. There were no significant changes after ACZ challenge also. In addition, the degrees of these changes (before and after ACZ challenge) were highly correlated with the stenotic degrees in pre-procedural perfusion study.

Conclusion

PCT with ACZ challenge appears to be a useful tool to assess the cerebral perfusion status especially in patients with unilateral symptomatic stenotic disease.     

Quantitative collateral assessment evaluated by cerebral blood volume measured by CT perfusion in patients with acute ischemic stroke

ObjectivesCollateral status (CS) is considered a predictor of clinical outcome after reperfusion therapy (RT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We proposed a quantitative assessment of CS using cerebral blood volume (CBV) measured by computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Between February 2019 and September 2020, 60 patients with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion who presented to our institution within 8 h after stroke onset were included. The ratio of the average CBV values in the affected middle cerebral artery (MCA) territories to the unaffected side was defined as the CBV ratio. CS was assessed by scores from previously reported qualitative scoring systems (Tan & regional leptomeningeal collateral (rLMC) scores).ResultsThe CBV ratio was an independent factor contributing to a good functional outcome (P<0.01) and was significantly correlated with the Tan score (ρ=0.73, P<0.01) and the rLMC score (ρ=0.77, P<0.01). Among the patients with recanalization, the CBV ratio was a useful parameter that predicted both a good functional outcome (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC), 0.76; 95% CI, 0.55–0.89) and a good radiological outcome (AUC-ROC, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.72–0.97), and it was an independent predictor for good radiological outcome (OR: 4.38; 95% CI:1.29–14.82; P<0.01) in multivariate models.ConclusionsThe CBV ratio is a suitable parameter for evaluating CS quantitatively for patients with AIS that can predict patient response to recanalization.     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像对星形细胞肿瘤分级的准确性评价

目的 评价多层螺旋CT灌注成像(CTP)参数对星形细胞肿瘤分级的敏感性和特异性.方法 对第三军医大学第三附属医院野战外科研究所收治的53例脑肿瘤患者进行CTP检查,经手术和病理学证实为星形细胞肿瘤的30例患者纳入研究对象.CTP采用GE LightSpeed 64层螺旋CT机行灌注扫描,在AW4.2P后处理工作站对原始数据进行后处理,测定肿瘤最大灌注区和对侧正常组织的脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)、平均通过时间(MTT)及毛细血管表面通透性(PS).手术获取脑肿瘤标本进行组织病理学检查.结果 星形细胞肿瘤高级别组CBF、CBV和PS值均明显高于低级别组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),MTT值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析表明,CBF、CBV和PS值对鉴别高、低级别星形细胞肿瘤的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.914、0.876和0.914,而MTT无鉴别作用,其ROC曲线下面积为0.455.采用CBF=62.635 mL/(100 g·min),CBV=4.310 mL/100 g和PS=5.925 mL/(100 g·min)作为分界点鉴别高、低级别星形细胞肿瘤的敏感性均为84.2%,特异性分别是81.8%、81.8%和91.9%.结论 多层螺旋CTP参数CBF、CBV及PS值对鉴别高、低级别星形细胞肿瘤具有较高敏感性和特异性.