缺血性卒中医疗质量持续改进项目实施效果分析

目的 评价缺血性卒中医疗质量持续改进项目（continued quality improvement,CQI）前后缺血性卒中医 疗质量的变化。 方法 收集山西省心血管医院神经内科进行缺血性卒中医疗质量持续改进前（2013年10月-2014年3 月）住院治疗的缺血性卒中患者261例作为基线组,实施质量改进方案后（2014年4月-2014年11月）收 治的缺血性卒中患者218例作为干预组,比较两组12项医疗质量关键绩效指标（key performance index, KPI）以及综合医疗质量指标的变化。 结果 实施医疗质量持续改进后干预组综合医疗质量指标为92.53%,高于基线组（81.52%) (P <0.001）。干预组各项KPI指标较基线组均有不同程度的提高,其中吞咽困难筛查（99.54% vs 96.55%,P =0.03）、康复干预（88.07% vs 68.22%,P <0.001）、他汀药物使用（98.62% vs 77.01%, P <0.001）、心房颤动患者抗凝治疗（66.67% vs 20.00%,P =0.02）执行率有明显的升高。 结论 实施标准缺血性卒中医疗质量持续改进方案有助于改善卒中医疗服务质量,值得进一步推广 应用。     

Influence of direct admission to Comprehensive Stroke Centers on the outcome of acute stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis

Acute stroke patients can be transferred directly to a Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC), where acute stroke expertise is provided 24 h a day, seven days a week, and thrombolytic treatment is administered; or they may initially receive attention at an unspecialized community hospital with secondary transfer to the CSC. Our aim is to analyze the influence of previous attention at unspecialized community hospitals on the outcome of ischemic stroke patients treated with thrombolysis. We studied 153 consecutive ischemic stroke patients treated with t-PA over a 30-month period. The primary outcome variable was functional independence at 90 days (Rankin scale, mRS ≤ 2). Secondary outcomes were neurologic improvement at 24 h, rate of arterial recanalization and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Forty-five patients (29.5%) received initial attention at community hospitals with secondary transfer to the CSC. Median time from onset to t-PA administration was shorter in patients with direct access to the CSC (135 vs. 165 min; p < 0.001) and stroke severity was higher (NIHSS 12 vs. 9; p = 0.017). Patients who received initial attention at the CSC had a higher frequency of neurologic improvement (59.3% vs. 37.2%; p = 0.014) and a lower rate of symptomatic hemorrhage (4.7% vs. 14%; p = 0.04). Compared to initial attention at an unspecialized hospital, direct admission to the CSC was associated with an odds ratio of 2.48 (95% CI, 1.04–5.88; p = 0.039) for good outcome after adjustment for stroke severity at baseline and other potential confounders. Direct access to a CSC is associated with shorter onset-to-treatment time and better outcome for ischemic stroke patients treated with thrombolysis in comparison with initial attention at an unspecialized hospital with secondary transfer.     

改善就医流程缩短急性缺血性卒中患者门-针时间研究

目的探讨改善急诊就医流程对急性缺血性卒中患者入院至静脉溶栓门-针时间(door-to-needle time,DNT)的影响。方法以2015年1月~4月重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA)静脉溶栓的急性缺血性卒中患者为试验组,试验组在启动绿色通道后立即给患者及家属佩带明显标识,并将分诊护士对患者的筛查纳入绿色通道的管理流程,同时将rt-PA静脉溶栓地点由病房前移到急诊室。以2014年1月~4月改善流程前rt-PA静脉溶栓的急性缺血性卒中患者为对照组,评价两组患者DNT时间。结果对照组DNT时间中位数133(80~174)min,试验组DNT时间102(56~168)min,两组有显著差异(P=0.011)。结论通过多学科配合实施一系列的综合措施,优化急性缺血性卒中患者急诊就医流程,可以减少rt-PA静脉溶栓的院内延误时间。     

中美缺血性卒中门诊医疗质量改进项目进展

美国指南优势（The Guideline Advantage,TGA）医疗质量改进项目为“跟着指南走”（Get With the Guideline,GWTG）项目的门诊延伸,其数据直接通过电子病历和卫生技术平台进行收集,以体现循证医学指南的依从性。中国门诊医疗质量改进项目刚起步,其中中国金桥工程中的中国城市神经科门诊缺血性卒中登记研究拟对全国约100家医院门诊的1.5万例缺血性卒中患者进行调查和随访,评估缺血性卒中的医疗服务现状、二级预防的长期依从性、临床结局等,为进一步的医疗质量改进提供基础数据。