腐胺对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 :观察腐胺对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法 :利用 Langendroff- Neely离体心灌注方法 ,以缺血 12 0 min,再灌注 2 0 min制备大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型。对照组 (n=12 ) ,采用St.Thomas液作为心停搏液。实验组 (n=12 )以腐胺 10 mg/ ml作为心停搏液 (St.Thomas液 )的添加剂。测定心脏停搏前和缺血 12 0 min,再灌注 2 0 min后的心率、主动脉流量、冠脉流量和心输出量。测定心脏缺血 12 0 min,再灌注 2 0 min后心肌组织 MDA、SOD,并进行心肌超微结构比较研究。结果 :实验组较对照组心功能改善 ,缺血再灌注损伤心肌 SOD活性无明显变化 ,明显降低缺血再灌注损伤心肌MDA水平 ,减轻细胞膜结构的损害 ,心肌水肿程度明显减轻 ,心肌结构保存好。结论 :腐胺对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用     

左旋精氨酸对家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨左旋精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）对心肌缺血再灌注损伤（ＭＩＲＩ）的保护作用。方法制备家兔ＭＩＲＩ模型,观察Ｌ－Ａｒｇ对血清中和心肌组织中一氧化氮代谢产物（ＮＯＰ）含量、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）活性及心肌细胞形态学变化的影响。结果Ｌ－Ａｒｇ保护组和非保护组比较,血清及心肌ＮＯＰ明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）;心肌ＬＤＨ显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,而血清ＬＤＨ无明显变化;心肌细胞形态学异常改变明显减轻。结论Ｌ－Ａｒｇ通过提高机体一氧化氮水平而保护缺血再灌注损伤的心肌。     

Prophylaxis with carnosol attenuates liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion

AIM： To investigate the possible protective effects of carnosol on liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia reperfusion （I/R）.
METHODS： Rats were divided randomly into three experimental groups： sham, intestinal I/R and carnosol treatment （n = 18 each）. The intestinal I/R model was established by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 1 h. In the carnosol treatment group, surgery was performed as in the intestinal I/R group, with intraperitoneal administration of 3 mg/kg carnosol 1 h before the operation. At 2, 4 and 6 h after reperfusion, rats were killed and blood, intestine and liver tissue samples were obtained. Intestine and liver histology was investigated. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and interleukin （IL）-6 were measured. Liver tissue superoxide dismutase （SOD） and myeloperoxidase （IvIPO） activity were assayed. The liver intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） and nuclear factor κB （NF-κB） were determined by immunohistochemical analysis and western blot analysis.
RESULTS： Intestinal I/R induced intestine and liver injury, characterized by histological changes, as well as a significant increase in serum AST and ALT levels. The activity of SOD in the liver tissue decreased after I/R, which was enhanced by carnosol pretreatment. In addition, compared with the control group, carnosol markedly reduced liver tissue MPO activity and serum IL-6 level, which was in parallel with the decreased level of liver ICAI-1 and NF-κB expression.
CONCLUSION： Our results indicate that carnosol pretreatment attenuates liver injury induced by intestinal I/R, attributable to the antioxidant effect and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.     

脂联素对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 观察脂联素对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用并探讨其机制.方法 32只8周龄雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组、地尔硫革组和脂联素组,每组8只.(1)假手术组:只穿线,旷置90 min.(2)缺血再灌注组:先阻断血流30 min,再灌注60 min.(3)地尔硫(革)组和脂联素组:先阻断血流30 min,于再灌注开始时,从鼠尾静脉分别注射地尔硫(革)(3.5 μg·g~(-1)min~(-1))或脂联素(60 ng·g~(-1)·min~(-1)),注射2 min,再灌注60 min.各模型组于再灌注60 min后处死大鼠.测定心肌组织一氧化氮(NO),心肌组织半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase 3)活性,心肌组织腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)活性,过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)的含量,同时用透射电镜观察大鼠心肌线粒体结构.结果 (1)缺血再灌注组心肌组织中Caspase 3活性显著高于假手术组[(168.50±30.08)μmol/L比(53.25±11.41)μmol/L,P<0.01],AMPK活性、PPARγ含量均显著低于假手术组[(0.74±0.59)IU/ml比(25.63±4.61)IU/ml,P<0.01;0.1894比0.7949,P<0.01],心肌组织中NO含量显著低于假手术组[(6.359±1.355)μmol/L比(10.396±1.901)μmol.L,P<0.01].(2)脂联素组心肌组织中Caspase 3活性显著低于缺血再灌注组[(88.75±6.92)μmol/L比(168.50±30.08)μmol/L,P<0.01],AMPK活性、PPARγ含量均显著高于缺血再灌注组[(27.22 ±4.76)IU/ml比(0.74±0.59)IU/ml,P<0.01;0.8613比0.1894,P<0.01],心肌组织中NO含量显著高于缺血再灌注组[(15.755±1.045)μmol/L比(6.359±1.355)μmol/L,P<0.01].脂联素可保护急性心肌缺血再灌注过程中大鼠心肌细胞线粒体结构的完整性,上述作用优于地尔硫(革).结论 脂联素对缺血再灌注造成的心肌损伤有一定的保护作用,机制可能与其增加心肌细胞AMPK、PPARγ表达,以及抗心肌细胞凋亡作用有关.     

促红细胞生成素与心肌缺血再灌注损伤

近年来促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)的非造血生物作用逐渐引起关注。研究表明,EPO 可以减轻缺血缺氧时心肌细胞的损伤,减少心肌细胞的调亡,从而使其可能成为预防和治疗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的一条途径。     

异氟烷预处理对离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的:采用Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,研究异氟烷预处理对离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法:24只SD大鼠随机分为4组,每组6只,分别为缺血再灌注损伤组(IR组)、异氟烷预处理1组(IsoP 1组)、异氟烷预处理2组(IsoP 2组)和异氟烷预处理3组(IsoP 3组)。监测复灌后心功能恢复情况、冠脉流出液中磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氨酶(LDH)的释放量和心肌存活面积的变化。结果:复灌期间3组IsoP心脏各对应时间点的LVEDP均显著低于对照组(P<0.05~<0.01);再灌注30 min时IsoP各组LVDP的恢复均高于IR组(P<0.05),IsoP3组±dp／dtmax在再灌注30 min时的恢复百分比均高于IR组(P<0.05),IsoP1组+dp／dt max高于IR组(P<0.05);复灌后异氟烷预处理组各时间点的CK、LDH释放量均低于IR组(P<0.01);IsoP2组、IsoP1组和IsoP3组心肌存活面积百分比均高于IR组(P<0.01);预处理各组之间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:IsoP对大鼠离体缺血再灌注心肌有保护作用,可以显著减轻心肌细胞的损伤,改善心功能,增加心肌存活面积。     

心肌缺血后处理对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨缺血后处理对ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法 2006年10月至2009年1月在北华大学附属医院心内科住院并在12 h内行直接冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的STEMI患者64例,分为对照组(34例)及缺血后处理组(30例).对照组给予单纯再灌注治疗,缺血后处理组采用再灌注30 s/再缺血30 s,交替3次后再持续灌注的方法.比较两组再灌注心律失常的发生率、发病72 h的CK和CK-MB峰值及72 h的CK值动态变化、冠状动脉血流速度(CTFC)、室壁运动计分(WMSI)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、QRS计分法测定心肌梗死面积(QRS-MIS)、心肌呈色分级(MBG)的变化.结果 对照组和缺血后处理组再灌注心律失常频发室性早搏发生率分别为52.9%(18/34)和26.7%(8/30,P＜0.05),短阵室性心动过速的发生率分别为58.8%(20/34)和23.3%(7/30,P＜0.05),CK峰值分别为(1732±480)U/L和(1162±548)U/L(P＜0.01),CK-MB峰值分别为(280±99)U/L和(165±70)U/L(P＜0.01),CTFC分别为(26.97±3.42)帧和(22.23±3.81)帧(P＜0.05),WMSI分别为1.82±0.83和1.27±0.52(P＜0.05),LVEF分别为0.47 ±0.10和0.55±0.08(P＜0.05),心肌梗死面积分别为(14.65±6.88)%和(10.60±4.97)%(P＜0.05),MBG分别为1.47±0.61和2.27±0.64(P＜0.05).结论 心肌缺血后处理能显著减轻STEMI患者心肌再灌注损伤,有显著的心肌保护作用.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the effect of ischemia postconditioning during the first minutes of reperfusion for the myocardial reperfusion injury in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI)patients undergoing emergency percutaneeus coronary intervention(PCI). Methods STEMI patients undergoing emergency PCI in affiliated hospital of Beihua University between October 2006 and January 2009 were randomly divided into two groups: the control group(n = 34)without any intervention after PTCA, and the postconditioning group(n = 30)with ischemia postconditioning within first minutes of reflow by 3 episodes of 30-second inflation and 30-second deflation with the angioplasty balloon. Reperfusion arrhythmias, CK and CKMB, corrected TIMI frame count(CTFC), wall motion score index(WMSI)and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)by echocardiography were compared between the two groups. MI areas were evaluated with the ECG-54 criteria/32 system and myocardial blush grade(MBG)was measured. Results The incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias-frequent ventricular premature(26. 7% vs.52. 9%)and short array ventricular tachycardia beat(23.3% vs. 58. 8%)as well as values of peaks CK [(l162±548)U/L vs.(1732±480)U/L, P＜0. 01], CKMB[(165±70)U/L vs.(280±99)U/L,P＜0. 01],CTFC(22.23 ±3.81 vs. 26.97 ±3.42), WMSI(1.27 ±0.52 vs. 1.82 ±0.83),and infarction areas determined by ECG methods(10. 60% ±4. 97% vs. 14. 65% ±6. 88%, all P ＜0. 05)were all significantly lower in the postconditioning group than in control group while LVEF(0. 55 ± 0. 08 vs.0. 47 ±0. 10)and MBG(2. 27 ± 0. 64 vs. 1.47 ± 0. 61, all P ＜ 0. 05)were signiticantly higher in the postconditioning group than in control group. Conclusions Ischemia postconditioning can significantly reduce myocardial reperfusion injury in patients with STEMI.     

微小RNA在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用及机制

微小RNA（microRNA,miRNA）是一类在进化上高度保守的小分子非编码RNA,大约南19～25个核苷酸组成,具有转录后渊控蛋白质编码基因表达的功能,     

Protective effects of terminal ileostomy against bacterial translocation in a rat model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury

AIM: To investigate the effects of terminal ileostomy on bacterial translocation (BT) and systemic inflammation after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.METHODS: Thirty-two rats were assigned to either the sham-operated group, I/R group, I/R + resection and anastomosis group, or the I/R + ileostomy group. The superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 60 min. After 4 h, tissue samples were collected for analysis. BT was assessed by bacteriologic cultures, intestinal permeability and serum levels of endotoxin; systemic inflammation was assessed by serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10, as well as by the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and by intestinal histopathology.RESULTS: Intestinal I/R injury not only caused morphologic damage to ileal mucosa, but also induced BT, increased MPO activity and promoted the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in serum. BT and ileal mucosa injuries were significantly improved and levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum were decreased in the I/R + ileostomy group compared with the I/R + resection and anastomosis group.CONCLUSION: Terminal ileostomy can prevent the detrimental effects of intestinal I/R injury on BT, intestinal tissue, and inflammation.     

老年大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的缺血后处理保护

目的:评价老年大鼠急性心肌缺血再灌注后的损伤以及缺血后处理的保护作用,并比较与成年大鼠之间的区别.方法:成年及老年雄性SD大鼠,左侧开胸,建立心肌缺血/再灌注模型.实验共分为6组,成年及老年大鼠各3组(n=8/成年组,n=6/老年组):成年大鼠缺血再灌注组(I/Radult)及老年大鼠缺血再灌注组(I/Raged);成...     

miR-17-92 ameliorates renal ischemia reperfusion injury

There is limited information on the role of miR-17-92 in renal tubular pathophysiology. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine whether miR-17-92 plays a role in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced acute kidney injury. We originally demonstrated that miR-17-92 is up-regulated following IRI in vivo. To explore the roles of miR-17-92 in the IRI process, we first generated a renal proximal tubule-specific miR-17-92 deletion (PT-miR-17-92^?/?) knockout mouse model with Cre driven by the Kap promoter. We found that PT-deficient miR-17-92 mice had more severe renal dysfunction and renal structures than their littermates. Compared with sham-operated mice, both wide-type (WT) mice and PT-miR-17-92^?/? mice showed increased serum levels of creatinine and urea. However, the levels of serum urea and creatinine in PT-miR-17-92^?/? mice after the IRI operation were significantly higher than the levels in WT mice. In addition, PT-miR-17-92^?/? mice showed higher levels of serum potassium and phosphonium after the IRI operation. Histological analysis revealed that PT-miR-17-92^?/? mice had substantial histopathologic changes, such as tubular dilation and tubular necrosis. Overexpression of miR-17-92 could partially reverse the side-effects of IRI on the proximal tubules in vivo. Furthermore, we employed a quantitative proteomic strategy and identified 16 proteins as potential targets of miR-17-92. Taken together, our findings suggested that miR-17-92 may ameliorates IRI-induced acute kidney injury. Our results indicate that pharmacologic modulation of these miRNAs may have therapeutic potential for acute kidney injury.     

Klotho在缺血再灌注损伤中的研究进展

缺血再灌注损伤在临床中十分常见且难以避免,是影响缺血性疾病治疗效果的一个重要因素。Klotho作为一种抗衰老蛋白,具有抗氧化应激、抗凋亡、抗炎、抑制钙超载等作用。本文结合国内外Klotho与缺血再灌注损伤相关疾病的最新研究报道,就Klotho与缺血再灌注损伤关系及其作用机制作一综述,为抗缺血再灌注损伤新药的后续研发提供依据。     

一氧化氮与肺缺血再灌注损伤的研究进展

一氧化氮（nitricoxide，NO）是一种活性很强的自由基，具有广泛的生物学活性。多项研究提示NO在急性肺缺血／再灌注（ischemia／reperfusion，I／R）损伤中具有重要作用。本文重点描述有关一氧化氮在肺I／R损伤中作用的研究进展。     

大鼠急性缺血性肾衰竭不同时段肾功能变化

目的观察大鼠肾脏缺血/再灌注损伤（IRI）模型不同时段肾功能、肾脏/体重指数变化情况。方法建立大鼠肾脏IRI模型,监测大鼠术后不同时段血清尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（SCr）、血钾及肾脏/体重指数,了解IRI大鼠肾功能变化情况。结果 （1）术后12 h肾脏/体重指数显著升高,至手术后48 h达高峰,于手术后72 h开始回落。（2）术后6 h血清BUN、SCr、血钾显著升高,至术后48 h达高峰,从术后72 h开始回落。结论 IRI大鼠模型手术后肾脏/体重指数、血清BUN、SCr、血钾均有不同程度的升高,高峰期均在术后48 h,提示肾功能损害最严重是在手术后48 h。     

血红素加氧酶-1在肝脏缺血再灌注损伤研究中新进展

肝脏缺血再灌注损伤(hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury,HIRI)的分子机制迄今尚未完全清楚。血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)是体内血红素降解的起始酶和限速酶,在体内分解血红素生成一氧化碳(CO)、胆绿素和自由铁。HO-1系统具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗凋亡和促进细胞存活、循环稳定和免疫调节的作用,在HIRI中发挥着至关重要的作用。通过药物或基因工程的方法诱导产生HO-1,能减轻HIRI,目前这一方向已经成为该领域的研究热点。     

Nigella sativa relieves the deleterious effects of ischemia reperfusion injury on liver

AIM： To determine whether Nigella sativa prevents hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury to the liver. METHODS： Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham （Group 1）, control （Group 2）, and Nigella sativa （NS） treatment group （Group 3）. All rats underwent hepatic ischemia for 45 min followed by 60 min period of reperfusion. Rats were intraperitoneally infused with only 0.9% saline solution in group 2. Rats in group 3 received NS （0.2 mL/kg） intraperitoneally, before ischemia and before reperfusion. Blood samples and liver tissues were harvested from the rats, and then the rats were sacrifi ced. Serum aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） levels were determined. Total antioxidant capacity （TAC）, catalase （CAT）, total oxidative status （TOS）, oxidative stress index （OSI） and my-eloperoxidase （MPO） in hepatic tissue were measured. Also liver tissue histopathology was evaluated by light microscopy. RESULTS： The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 weresignifi cantly lower than those in the group 2. TAC in liver tissue was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2. TOS, OSI and MPO in hepatic tissue were signifi cantly lower in group 3 than the group 2. Histological tissue damage was milder in the NS treatment group than that in the control group. CONCLUSION： Our results suggest that Nigella sativa treatment protects the rat liver against to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

缺血预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤神经细胞的保护作用

目的探讨大鼠局灶性脑缺血预处理对脑缺血再灌注损伤后神经元的保护作用。方法健康雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为3组:假手术组、大脑中动脉缺血再灌注(MCAO)组、预处理(BIP)组,每组按照再灌注后12 h、1、2、3 d四个时间点平均分为4个亚组,制备缺血预处理模型,分别用流式细胞术和ELISA法观察脑缺血预处理对缺血再灌注大鼠缺血半暗带神经细胞凋亡率及血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)含量的影响。结果大鼠脑缺血再灌注后12 h,MCAO组细胞凋亡发生率及血清中NSE的含量较假手术组显著增加(P<0.01),1 d时达到高峰,以后时间点逐渐下降,但仍高于假手术组(P<0.01);BIP组各个时间点神经元凋亡发生率及血清NSE较MCAO组显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论大鼠局灶性脑缺血预处理对脑缺血再灌注神经元损伤有保护作用。     

Effects of N-acetylcysteine and pentoxifylline on remote lung injury in a rat model of hind-limb ischemia/reperfusion injury

Objective

: To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and pentoxifylline in a model of remote organ injury after hind-limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats, the lungs being the remote organ system.

Methods

: Thirty-five male Wistar rats were assigned to one of five conditions (n = 7/group), as follows: sham operation (control group); hind-limb ischemia, induced by clamping the left femoral artery, for 2 h, followed by 24 h of reperfusion (I/R group); and hind-limb ischemia, as above, followed by intraperitoneal injection (prior to reperfusion) of 150 mg/kg of NAC (I/R+NAC group), 40 mg/kg of pentoxifylline (I/R+PTX group), or both (I/R+NAC+PTX group). At the end of the trial, lung tissues were removed for histological analysis and assessment of oxidative stress.

Results

: In comparison with the rats in the other groups, those in the I/R group showed lower superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels, together with higher malondialdehyde levels and lung injury scores (p < 0.05 for all). Interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration of the lungs was also markedly greater in the I/R group than in the other groups. In addition, I/R group rats showed various signs of interstitial edema and hemorrhage. In the I/R+NAC, I/R+PTX, and I/R+NAC+PTX groups, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione levels, malondialdehyde levels, and lung injury scores were preserved (p < 0.05 for all). The differences between the administration of NAC or pentoxifylline alone and the administration of the two together were not significant for any of those parameters (p > 0.05 for all).

Conclusions

: Our results suggest that NAC and pentoxifylline both protect lung tissue from the effects of skeletal muscle I/R. However, their combined use does not appear to increase the level of that protection.     

蛇床子素后处理对大鼠心肌急性缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的观察蛇床子素后处理对大鼠心肌急性缺血／再灌注损伤的作用。方法采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支制备在体大鼠急性心肌缺血／再灌注损伤模型。30只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为伪手术（Sham）组、缺血／再灌注（I／R）组和缺血／再灌注＋蛇床子素后处理（Ost）组。采用BL-410生物信号记录分析系统记录大鼠左心室收缩压（LVSP）、左心室舒张末压（LVEDP）及左心室压力上升和下降最大速率（＋dp／dtmax）等心功能数据。实验结束后腹主动脉采血,采用ELISA方法检测血清肌酸激酶同工酶（CK—MB）、肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）含量,应用透视电镜对左室心尖部心肌组织超微结构进行形态学观察。结果与Sham组相比,I／R组大鼠心肌超微结构发生明显改变,心脏收缩、舒张功能显著降低,血清CK—MB及cTnI含量均显著增高。与I／R组比较,Ost组大鼠心肌超微结构损伤明显减轻,心功能明显改善,血清CK—MB及cTnI含量显著降低。结论蛇床子素后处理对急性心肌缺血／再灌注所致的大鼠心肌损伤具有保护作用。     

三碘甲状腺原氨酸和缺血预适应对大鼠小肠缺血再灌注损伤的作用

目的了解缺血预适应和Ｔ３对小肠缺血再灌注损伤的作用。方法观察缺血预适应和Ｔ３对大鼠小肠缺血再灌注后肠组织腺苷酸含量和肠粘膜损伤的影响。结果Ｔ３组和预适应组（预适应为１０分钟缺血后１５分钟再灌注）的小肠组织ＡＴＰ及总腺苷酸含量均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,肠粘膜损伤亦明显减轻;且Ｔ３组比预适应组肠粘膜损伤更轻（Ｐ＜０．０５）,动物存活率增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论Ｔ３和缺血预适应对小肠缺血再灌注损伤有一定保护作用,且Ｔ３效果更佳。