山豆根急性毒性实验研究

目的:实验研究山豆根水煎液对小鼠的急性毒性,为山豆根的临床安全与合理用药提供实验依据。方法:采用灌胃给药的方式,按照经典急性毒性实验方法测定山豆根水煎液的小鼠口服半数致死量(LD50)值,观察小鼠中毒症状,记录小鼠的累计死亡数和体重变化。结果:小鼠口服山豆根水煎液的LD50及95%可信限为47.918(45.192~50.665)g·kg-1,主要毒性症状为闭眼、怠动、腹式呼吸等。结论:小鼠一次性口服大剂量山豆根水煎液可造成急性中毒,中毒表现主要为肝脏的损伤。     

蕲蛇粗毒的经口急性毒性实验

目的:研究蕲蛇粗毒口服给药对小鼠的急性毒性作用,为评价其安全性提供实验依据.方法:采用Bliss法对小鼠进行经口急性毒性实验,计算半数致死量(LD50).结果:蕲蛇粗毒对小鼠灌胃给药的半数致死量(LD5o)为0.5g/kg,95％的可信限为0.5-0.6g/kg.结论:在实验剂量下,蕲蛇粗毒口服安全.     

抗癌中药希丹液的急性毒性作用研究

目的:研究抗癌中药希丹液的急性毒性作用.方法:小鼠灌胃(ig)给药后,测定希丹液的LD50,观察动物的协调平衡及自主活动情况.结果:小鼠ig希丹液的LID50为148.08g(生药)/kg,当ig希丹液的剂量为LD50或大于LD50[180g(生药)/kg]时,可见小鼠对机械刺激的反应降低,自主活动明显减少,小鼠的肌张力及协调平衡活动明显障碍.结论:希丹液的急性毒性作用主要表现在神经系统.     

雷公藤水提液对成年小鼠急性毒性实验研究

目的:旨在通过动物实验来判断雷公藤水提液对成年小鼠的急性毒性,为临床用药提供安全依据。方法:根据改良寇氏法,测定雷公藤水提液对成年小鼠的半数致死量(LD50),若毒性较低,则改为测定雷公藤水提液对成年小鼠的最大耐受量(MTD)。结果:通过急性毒性的预实验未能测出LD50,改测雷公藤水提液对成年小鼠最大耐受量为150.3 g/kg,相当于临床成人用量的300.6倍。结论:雷公藤水提液对成年小鼠毒性较小。     

细辛炮制前后的药效学及毒理学研究

目的：研究细辛炮制前后抗炎镇痛的药效学及其对小鼠的毒性作用。方法采用醋酸扭体实验、热板实验评价细辛的镇痛作用,采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀实验评价细辛的抗炎作用,采用小鼠急性毒性实验观察细辛炮制前后对小鼠急性毒性半数致死量(LD50)的作用。结果与生理盐水组比较,其他5组小鼠疼痛潜伏期均延长,扭体次数均减少,足肿胀度及耳廓肿胀度均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。细辛生品水煎液高剂量组扭体次数[(11.01±2.83)次]多于细辛炮制品水煎液高剂量组[(8.71±2.04)次](P<0.05)。细辛生品水煎液高剂量组给药后1、2 h足肿胀度[(13.00±1.86)、(14.00±2.30)mg]高于细辛炮制品水煎液高剂量组[(9.00±1.99)、(10.00±2.30)mg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。细辛生品水煎液低剂量组耳廓肿胀度[(13.30±1.35)mg]高于细辛炮制品水煎液低剂量组[(9.70±1.41)mg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。细辛生品水煎液低剂量组对二甲苯诱导的小鼠耳廓炎症抑制率(17.30%)显著低于细辛炮制品水煎液低剂量组(22.80%)(P<0.05)。结论细辛炮制后急性毒性显著降低,并且炮制后抗炎镇痛作用强于生品。     

上下法与传统急性毒性法测定薄荷油LD50的试验研究

目的本实验以薄荷油为目标物,评价了上下法与传统法小鼠急性毒性试验相比的优缺点。方法采用薄荷油对小鼠灌胃,分别进行上下法急性毒性试验与传统法急性毒性试验,观察中毒现象,计算LD50及其95%可信区间。结果上下法薄荷油急性毒性LD50为2 000 mg/kg(798.5～2 150 mg/kg),传统法LD50为1 589.68mg/kg(1 405.37～1 798.08 mg/kg)。结论两种方法所得LD50值接近,毒性分级相同。上下法作为急性毒性替代法对于药物安全性评价领域有较好的应用价值和发展前景。     

秦巴地区产杜仲皮急性毒性实验的研究

目的:比较秦巴地区产的杜仲水提组分和醇提组分对小鼠的急性毒性,为杜仲临床应用和杜仲产品开发提供基础依据。方法:应用经典的急性毒性实验方法测定杜仲水提组分的最大耐受量(MTD)和醇提组分的半数致死量(LD50),并且在整个急性毒性实验过程中,观察小鼠灌胃后的活动状态以及体重变化。结果:杜仲水提组分的MTD为24 g/kg,杜仲醇提组分的LD50(95%的可信限)为54.51(49.72~59.77)g/kg,主要毒性症状有倦怠、俯卧不动、抽搐等。结论:秦巴地区产杜仲水提组分与醇提组分相比,其中醇提组分的急性毒性较大,水提组分较为安全。     

喙荚云实石油醚提取物对小鼠急性毒性实验研究

目的:分析喙荚云实石油醚提取物的急性毒性,测定半数致死量(LD50)为进一步研究喙荚云实提供理论和实验依据.方法:采用不同浓度的喙荚云实石油醚提取物对小鼠进行实验,测定其LD50,观察小鼠存活情况,及药后一般毒性症状脏器重量.结果:喙荚云实石油醚提取物半数致死量为LD50=301.75mg/kg,LD5095％ 的可信...     

马齿苋降血糖有效部位研究

目的:研究马齿苋降血糖的有效部位.方法:本实验采用链佐霉素制造Wistar大鼠糖尿病模型,用马齿苋水煎液及水煎醇沉液灌胃给药.结果:给药2、3、4周后马齿苋水煎液及水煎醇沉液与模型组比较其空腹血糖值有明显的降低;并测定了马齿苋水煎液及水煎醇沉液小鼠灌胃给药的急性毒性实验,结果未测出LD5o.结论:马齿苋水煎液和水煎醇沉液对腹腔注射链佐霉素(STZ)造成的糖尿病大鼠均有一定的降血糖作用,且毒副作用小,用药安全性高.     

河北道地药材紫苑的急性毒性研究

目的了解紫苑的急性毒性,为临床安全用药提供依据。方法对紫苑的水煎剂和80%醇提液进行小鼠急性毒性试验。结果紫苑水提取物的LD50为31.61g生药/kg,95%可信限为30.04-33.26g生药/kg,紫苑80%乙醇提取液的LD50为19.19g生药/kg,95%可信限为17.17-21.44g生药/kg。结论紫苑水煎液和醇提取液均提示中药材紫苑具有一定的毒性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.