黄芪总皂苷提取工艺研究

目的研究黄芪总皂苷最佳提取工艺.方法采用正交设计法优选,以黄芪甲苷、黄芪总皂苷和总提取物为检测指标.结果最佳提取条件为:70%乙醇回流提取2次,每次2小时,第1次加8倍量,第2次加6倍量.结论醇提工艺中黄芪甲苷和总皂苷的得率高于水提工艺.     

正交试验设计优选甲芪肝纤颗粒提取工艺的研究

目的以黄芪甲苷、干膏得率为含量指标 ,研究甲芪肝纤颗粒的水提工艺。方法采用正交试验设计进行优选 ,薄层色谱扫描测定黄芪甲苷含量 ,干燥失重法测定干膏得率。结果提取时间对黄芪甲苷和干膏得率的影响有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;加水量对黄芪甲苷和干膏得率的影响不具显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论最佳提取工艺为水煮提 2次 ,第 1次 1 .5h ,第 2次 1h,加水量分别为药材量的 1 0倍和 8倍。     

胎乐颗粒中黄芪甲苷的提取工艺研究

目的优选胎乐颗粒中黄芪甲苷的提取工艺。方法以胎乐颗粒中黄芪甲苷含量和浸膏得率为评价指标,对提取次数进行考察,选择加水量、浸泡时间和煎煮时间为考察因数,用正交试验优选胎乐颗粒中黄芪甲苷的提取工艺。结果黄芪甲苷的最佳提取条件是第1次加10倍量水,提取时间120 min;第2次加8倍量水,提取时间90 min。结论本方法简便、准确、重现性好,可为胎乐颗粒中黄芪甲苷提取工艺的确定提供实验依据     

肾纤康颗粒水提取工艺研究

目的：优选肾纤康颗粒水提取工艺。方法：以水提取物中有效成分黄芪甲苷含量为指标,采用高效液相色谱法测定黄芪甲苷含量,运用正交设计法优选肾纤康颗粒水提取工艺。结果：肾纤康颗粒的最佳水提取方法为浸泡时间0．5h,加8倍量水,煎煮时间1．5h,煎煮3次。结论：采用该水提工艺提取,水提取物中黄芪甲苷的收率较高且稳定。     

正交试验法优选和丹舒胶囊提取工艺

目的优选复方和丹舒胶囊中药材的最佳提取工艺。方法采用正交设计法,以水、醇2组提取物中浸膏得率、有效成分（分别为丹参酮ⅡA和黄芪甲苷）提取率为指标,确定提取参数。结果确定黄芪等水溶组药材采用水提,工艺为8倍量水,煎煮3次,每次1.5 h;经水提丹参药渣等采用醇提,工艺为6倍量60%乙醇,提取2次,分别提取2.0、1.5 h。结论优选的和丹舒胶囊提取工艺稳定、可行,提取率高。     

黄芪甲苷的含量测定及提取工艺优选

目的：建立黄芪药材中黄芪甲苷的含量测定方法,并优选其提取工艺。方法：采用HPLC—ELSD法测定黄芪甲苷的含量;在吸水率实验基础上,采用L9（34）正交设计考察加水量、提取时间、提取次数对黄芪中黄芪甲苷提取工艺的影响。结果：黄芪甲苷的进样量在1．02—5．11μg线性关系良好（r=0．9998）,平均加样回收率为96．50％,RSD=2．7％;最佳提取工艺为加8倍量水提取2次,第一次需多加入1．5倍水,每次1h。结论：建立的含量测定方法简便、准确、重复性好。优选的提取工艺稳定可行。     

参钱胶囊水提部分的工艺研究

目的：优选参钱胶囊水提部分的最佳工艺。方法：应用正交试验设计，采用薄层扫描法测定黄芪甲苷的含量。结果：最佳提取工艺为：水提部分药材共煎煮3次，第一次加入12倍量水，煎煮60min；第二次加入10倍量水，煎煮60min；第三次加入8倍量水，煎煮30min。结论：此工艺稳定可靠，适用于工业化大生产。     

糖脂消颗粒水提工艺条件的优选

目的 :优选糖脂消颗粒水提工艺条件。方法 :以黄芪甲苷、总糖、总黄酮、总有机酸和干浸膏为指标 ,用正交实验法优选黄芪、白术、山楂、荔枝核的水提工艺条件。结果 :优选出的水提工艺条件为 :药材最粗粉加 8、6倍量水提取 2次 ,提取时间分别为 2h、1.5h。结论 :验证实验结果表明 ,优选出的提取工艺条件稳定、合理、可行     

正交试验优选鼻敏宁颗粒提取工艺简

目的 优选鼻敏宁颗粒水提取工艺.方法 采用L9（3）4正交试验法,以浸膏得率、黄芪甲苷提取量为指标,对加水量、煎煮时间、煎煮次数进行优选.结果 最佳提取工艺为药材加水煎煮两次,第1次加8倍量水,煎煮2h,第2次6倍量水,煎煮1.5 h.结论 优选的工艺合理,重复性好,样品质量稳定.     

正交试验优选十味桂芪真武颗粒水提工艺

目的:优选十味桂芪真武颗粒的水提工艺.方法:采用正交设计,以黄芪甲苷、芍药苷的含量和得膏率为指标,考察溶剂量、提取时间以及提取次数对提取结果的影响,筛选最佳提取工艺.结果:最佳提取工艺参数为:加6倍水,煎煮3次,每次1 h.结论:优选的提取工艺切实可行.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.