Book Reviews - Livres Nouveaux - Buchbesprechungen

Book reviewed in this article:
Erdmann, G.: Allergieprobleme im Kindesalter. Allergie- und Asthmaforschung, Bd. 3.
Wolfgang Müller: Pathologie und Klinlk in Einzeldarstellungen – Band XII
K. Tabikawa: Proceedings of the 2nd Congress of the Asian and Pacific Society of Hematology.
Mario Stefanini and William Dameshek: Hemorrhagic Disorders.     

Book Reviews - Livres Nouveaux - Buchbesprechungen

Book reviewed in this article
Tovey, Geoffrey H .: Technique of Fluid Balance.
Knisely, M . if.: The Settling of Sludge During Life.
Karlson, P .: Kurzes Lehrbuch der Biochemie für Mediziner und Naturwissenschaftler . Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961
Miescher, P . et Vorlaender, K. O .: Immunopathologie clinique et expérimentale .
Walsh, R. J and Ward, H. K .: A Guide to Blood Transfusion .     

Book Reviews - Livres Nouveaux - Buchbesprechungen

Book reviewed in this article:
Boorman, K. E. and Dodd, D. E: An Introduction to Blood Group Serology. J. & A.
Wuhrmann, F. and Wunderly, Ch.: Die Bluteiweißkörper des Menschen. 3. Auff. Benno Schwabe     

Book Reviews - Livres Nouveaux - Buchbesprechungen

Book reviewed in this article:
H. Serologie und klinische Bedeutung der Autohämantikörper . S. Karger
R. R. Race and Ruth Sanger : Blood Groups in Man
Moor-Jankowski, J. K., Huser, H. J., Rosin, S., Truog, G., Schneeberger, Maria und Geiger, M. : Hämophilie B .     

Book Reviews - Livres Nouveaux - Buchbesprechungen

Book reviewed in this article:
Proceedings of the Seventh Congress of the International Society of Blood Transfusion . Rome, September 3 to 6, 1958. Edited by L. Holländer, Basle. S. Karger
Cajano, A,; Bile, G.; Santoro, E.; Nicolette, M. e Durant, M.: L'immuno-morfologia nello esperimento e nella clinica . Edizioni di Haematologica
Haase, H. und Liebing, G.: Des Blutspendewesen . Georg Thieme     

Book Reviews - Livres Nouveaux - Buchbesprechungen

Book reviewed in this article:
Moderne Probleme der Pädiatrie / Problèmes actuels de Pédiatrie / Modern Problems in Pediatries. Vol. III. S. Karger, Basel/New York 1957. XVI+592 p., 126 fig., sFr. 96.- (Bibliotheca Paediatrica Fasc. 66).
Tovey, G. H.: Technique of Fluid Balance. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh/London, 1957. VIII+100 pp. 12 s. 6 d.
Walsh, R. J. and Ward, H. K.: A Guide to Blood Transfusion. Australian Red Cross Society (N.S.W. Division) Blood Transfusion Service, Sydney. Printed by Australasian Medical Publishing Company Limited, Glebe 1957. 164 pp., 20/-.
Progress in Allergy. Vol. 5 (1958), edited by P. Kallós. S. Karger, Basel (Schweiz)/ New York., XL+508 p. 103 fig., 6 Tab. SFr. 82.-.     

Book Reviews - Livres Nouveaux - Buchbesprechungen

Book reviewed in this article
Fischer, K.: Morbus haemoIyticus neonatorum im ABO-System.
Facteurs sanguins et vasculaires dam la thrombose . 3^e Symposium Foundation Valentino Baldacci (19–24 avril 1960).     

血清C反应蛋白及D-二聚体水平与社区获得性肺炎的相关性分析

目的:探究血清C反应蛋白(CRP)及D-二聚体(D-D)水平与社区获得性肺炎的相关性。方法:收集124例社区获得性肺炎患者,根据肺炎严重程度指数(PSI)和社区获得性肺炎(CURB-65)评分分别进行分组,对比不同病情程度患者的血清CRP及D-D水平差异,分析CRP及D-D水平与PSI、CURB-65评分的相关性。结果:根据PSI分级患者分为重度组35例,中度组49例,低度组40例。血清CRP及D-D水平重度组中度组低度组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(均P 0. 05)。根据CURB-65评分患者分为高危组26例,中危组51例,低危组47例。血清CRP及D-D水平高危组中危组低危组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(均P 0. 05)。相关性分析结果显示,CRP与PSI分级、CURB-65评分均有显著相关(r=0. 374,0. 405,P 0. 05),D-D与PSI分级、CURB-65评分均有显著相关(r=0. 359,0. 392,P 0. 05)。结论:CRP及D-D水平与社区获得性肺炎患者的病情严重程度明显相关,可作为评估此类疾病严重程度的辅助指标。     

Stomakomplikationen - Korrekturverfahren

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Trotz Fortschritten in der operativen Technik sind kumulative Komplikationsraten nach Stomaanlage von bis zu 70% beschrieben worden. Operative Korrekturverfahren sind deshalb zusehends in das chirurgische Interesse gerückt. Durch ein gut funktionierendes Stoma sollen dem Patienten Selbstständigkeit und umfassende Sozialisation erhalten bleiben. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, sollte der Patient präoperativ, idealerweise unter Einbeziehung eines Stomatherapeuten, ausführlich informiert werden. Bei der Stomapositionierung ist auf ausreichenden Abstand zum Nabel, Rippenbogen, Darmbeinkamm oder zu den Operationswunden zu achten. Die Ausleitung des Stomas erfolgt spannungsfrei durch den Musculus rectus abdominis, wobei der Durchmesser zwei Querfinger betragen sollte. Stomakomplikationen können einerseits auf anlagebedingte Fehler und andererseits auf die Konstruktion des Stomas als Locus minoris resistentiae zurückgeführt werden. Neben dem Stomaprolaps, der Stomastenose und der Retraktion ist die parastomale Hernie die häufigste Komplikation nach Stomaanlage. Zur operativen Korrektur stehen prinzipiell lokale Verfahren, die das Stoma am gleichen Ort belassen, die Stomarelokation und die Bauchwandaugmentation mit alloplastischen Netzen zur Verfügung. Eigene Daten: Von 1997 bis 2002 wurden insgesamt 631 Stomata in unserer Klinik angelegt. Im gleichen Zeitraum mussten 23 Stomata operativ korrigiert werden. Die Ergebnisse sind zufriedenstellend bei geringer Komplikationsrate. Schlussfolgerung: Zur Korrektur von Stomakomplikationen stehen unterschiedliche Verfahren zur Verfügung, wobei das Komplikationsrisiko mit jedem neuen Eingriff steigt. Deshalb ist bei der Stomaanlage auf größtmögliche Sorgfalt zu achten, damit bestmögliche Funktionalität bei minimaler Komplikationsrate erreicht werden kann. Abstract Background: Despite the progress of surgical technique, cumulative rates of complications after stoma construction up to 70% have been reported. It is therefore apparent that correcting procedures are a focus of surgeons interest. A well functioning stoma will preserve independence and complete socialisation of the patient. Preoperatively, the patient should be informed in details by an especially trained stomatherapist. The stoma should be positioned in distance to the umbilicus, iliac spine, costal arch, or operation wounds.The stoma site brings out the bowel through the rectus muscle without any tension, while the diameter amounts to two fingers. Constitutional faults or stoma construction at itself as a locus minoris resistentiae may further stoma complications. Besides stomal prolapse, stenosis and retraction, the peristomal herniation is the most common complication after stoma construction. Surgical repair contains local procedures, which leave the stoma where it is, stoma relocation and augmentation of the abdominal wall by alloplastic meshes. Own Data: From 1997 to 2002 631 stomata were created, while 23 stomata had to be corrected.There are satisfactory results with low complication rate. Conclusion: There are different procedures to correct stoma complications, while the risk of complications increases with each new intervention. Great care should be taken when a stoma is created in order to guarantee a high functionality combined with a minimized rate of complication.     

Differential age-related changes of hypothalamus - pituitary - adrenal axis hormones in healthy women and men - role of interleukin 6.

Aging is accompanied by marked changes of steroid hormone levels which vary among women and men. The age-related increase of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)- 6 may modulate the endocrine system. We aimed to investigate the role of IL-6 for the gender-specific changes of acrophase steroid hormone secretion in healthy subjects during aging. Out of 120 healthy subjects, 60 men and 48 women (non luteal phase) were recruited (age: 18 to 75 years). Age was positively correlated with IL-6 (female and male: p<0.001) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in women only (p<0.001). Age was negatively correlated with progesterone (female and male: p<0.001), cortisol (only female: p=0.003), androstenedione (female and male: p<0.001), but not 17OH progesterone. After correction for IL-6, the age-related decrease of steroid hormones was blunted in both gender groups except for androstenedione (female and male: p<0.005). Furthermore, the ratio of serum cortisol to plasma ACTH decreased with age only in women but not in men (female: p< 0.001). Correction for IL-6 did not markedly change the negative interrelationship between age and the mentioned ratio in these women. However, a linear regression analysis revealed that the increase of ACTH in relation to cortisol depends on serum free testosterone in men (p=0.042) and on serum free 17 beta-estradiol (p<0.001) together with serum IL-6 in women (p=0.021). In conclusion, IL-6 plays an important role for acrophase pituitary and peripheral hormone secretion in women only. The gender-specific changes of cortisol in relation to ACTH depend on the age-related decrease of the respective sex hormone in both gender groups and the increase of IL-6 in women. This study underlines the hormone-like role of IL-6 in the aging process of the endocrine system in women.     

白细胞介素10基因启动子-1082A/G及-819T/C多态性与早发冠心病的相关性

目的探讨白细胞介素10(IL-10)基因启动子-1082A/G、-819T/C多态性与中国早发冠心病的相关性。方法早发冠心病(病例组)92例,对照组94例,采用苯酚-氯仿法提取DNA,聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法(PCR-RFLP)分析IL-10基因启动子-1082A/G、-819T/C多态性。结果病例组与对照组IL-10-1082A/G,AA、AG、GG基因型频率及A、G等位基因频率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0·05);IL-10-819T/C,TT、TC、CC基因型频率及T、C等位基因频率差异亦均无统计学意义(均P>0·05)。结论IL-10基因启动子-1082A/G和-819T/C多态性可能与中国早发冠心病的易感性无关。     

Clinical implication of 14-3-3 epsilon expression in gastric cancer

AIM: To evaluate for the first time the protein and mRNA expression of 14-3-3ε in gastric carcinogenesis.METHODS: 14-3-3ε protein expression was determined by western blotting, and mRNA expression was examined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR in gastric tumors and their matched non-neoplastic gastric tissue samples.RESULTS: Authors observed a significant reduction of 14-3-3ε protein expression in gastric cancer (GC) samples compared to their matched non-neoplastic tissue. Reduced levels of 14-3-3ε were also associated with diffuse-type GC and early-onset of this pathology. Our data suggest that reduced 14-3-3ε may have a role in gastric carcinogenesis process.CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that the reduced 14-3-3ε expression in GC and investigation of 14-3-3ε interaction partners may help to elucidate the carcinogenesis process.     

Sudden cardiac death in 15-35-year olds in Sweden during 1992-99

OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence, pathogenesis and symptoms preceding sudden cardiovascular death amongst 15-35-year olds without substance abuse in Sweden during 1992-99. DESIGN: This was a register study of a national database of forensic medicine, Rattsbase. Clinical details were obtained from forensic, police and medical records and from interviews with family members. SETTING: The whole nation of Sweden. SUBJECTS: Individuals having suffered a sudden cardiac death. RESULTS: We found 181 cases of sudden cardiovascular death in a nationwide database, Rattsbase, in 15-35-year olds, of which 132 (73%) were male and 49 (27%) were female, and a rather stable incidence of 0.93 per 100,000 per year. Preceding symptoms were seen in half of the cases. The most common forensic diagnoses were: no structural abnormality (21.0%), coronary atherosclerosis (17.7%), dilated cardiomyopathy (12.2%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (10.5%) and myocarditis (10.5%). CONCLUSION: Sudden cardiovascular death was uncommon in the young, but the incidence was not decreasing. Postmortem diagnoses were often difficult to establish. There was a high frequency of structurally normal hearts. Because premortal cardiac-related symptoms are relatively common and treatment methods are developing, we should learn to recognize early symptoms of heart disease. To identify individuals at risk, further studies of preceding symptoms, life-style factors and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes are needed.     

Identification of expressed genes in regenerating rat liver in 0-4-8-12 h short interval successive partial hepatectomy

AIM: To identify the genes differentially expressed in the regenerating rat liver of 0-4-8-12 h short interval successive partial hepatectomy (SISPH) and to analyze their expression profiles. METHODS: Five hundred and fifty-one elements screened from subtractive cDNA libraries were made into a cDNA microarray (cDNA chip). Extensive gene expression analysis following 0-4-8-12 h SISPH was conducted by microarray. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-three elements were selected, which were either up- or down-regulated more than 2-fold at one or more time points after SISPH. Cluster analysis and generalization analysis showed that there were five distinct temporal patterns of gene expression. Eighty-six genes were unreported, associated with liver regeneration (LR). CONCLUSION: Microarray analysis shows that the down regulated genes are much more than the up-regulated ones in SISPH; the numbers of genes expressed consistently are fewer than that expressed immediately; the genes expressed in high abundance are much fewer than that increased 2-5-fold. The comparison of SISPH with partial hepatectomy (PH) shows that the expression trends of most genes in SISPH and in PH are similar, but the expression of 43 genes is specifically altered in SISPH.     

5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-trifluoromethylpyrazole acts in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner to suppress human lung cancer growth

Purpose: 5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-trifluoromethylpyrazole (SC-560) is a structural analog of celecoxib. Recent studies suggested that SC-560 inhibits the in vivo proliferation of colon and breast cancer cells to an extent similar to that observed in celecoxib, and that SC-560 exerts their growth inhibitory effects in a cyclooxygenase-independent manner. Methods: In the current study, we sought to investigate the mechanism by which SC-560 inhibits the growth of human lung cancer cells. Results: SC-560 more potently inhibited the growth of human A549, H460, and H358 lung cancer cell lines compared with that of human BEAS-2B normal bronchial epithelial cells. SC-560-induced growth inhibition was mainly due to the induction of cell-cycle arrest at the G1 phase without apoptosis induction. SC-560 rapidly and dose-dependently induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), followed by accumulation of cells at the G1 phase. Antioxidant pretreatment blocked the cell-cycle arrest and growth inhibition induced by SC-560. Combination treatment with other ROS-inducing agents such as α-tocopheryl succinate (TOS) augmented cellular response against SC-560, leading to synergistic apoptosis induction and growth suppression. Our data also showed that the apoptosis induced by combination treatment with SC-560 and TOS was mediated through ROS-dependent caspase activation. Conclusion: Collectively, our results demonstrate that SC-560 acts in a ROS-dependent manner to induce growth suppression in human lung cancer cells.     

Recombinant antibodies to an oxidized low-density lipoprotein epitope induce rapid regression of atherosclerosis in apobec-1(-/-)/low-density lipoprotein receptor(-/-) mice.

OBJECTIVES: The present study tested the hypothesis that treatment with human recombinant immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibodies against a specific oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) epitope will induce regression of existing atherosclerotic lesions in LDL receptor-deficient mice expressing apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) (Apobec-1(-/-)/LDLR(-/-)). BACKGROUND: Oxidized LDL plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We previously showed that an antibody against oxLDL reduces progression of atherosclerosis in mice. METHODS: Apobec-1(-/-)/LDLR(-/-) mice were fed a high-fat diet until they were 24 weeks and were subsequently transferred to chow. Starting at 25 weeks, mice were given 3 weekly injections of either of 2 recombinant human IgG1 antibodies (IEI-E3 or 2D03) against a malondialdehyde-modified apoB-100 peptide sequence. RESULTS: At 25 weeks, atherosclerotic lesions covered 10.3 +/- 3.7% of the descending aorta. Transfer to chow diet resulted in a modest regression of atherosclerosis over a 5-week period (8.28 +/- 4.36%; p = NS). Antibody treatment induced additional regression of atherosclerosis by 50% (2D03; p = 0.001) and 36% (IEI-E3; p = 0.004) compared with control IgG1. The 2D03 treatment also reduced plaque inflammation, enhanced plaque expression of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1, and inhibited expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in cultured monocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Human IgG1 against a specific oxLDL epitope can induce rapid and substantial regression of atherosclerotic lesions, possibly by stimulating lipid efflux and inhibiting macrophage recruitment. These recombinant human antibodies could represent a novel strategy for rapid regression/stabilization of atherosclerotic lesions.     

Arteriosklerose - eine lebenslange Herausforderung

Hintergrund: Trotz of sehr teurer Maßnahmen führen kardiovaskuläre Krankheitsbilder nach wie vor die Mortalitätsstatistiken in den USA und Europa an. Umso wichtiger sind die Entwicklung und Durchführung effektiver präventiver Strategien. Primärprävention: In der Optimierung des gesamten vorhandenen kardiovaskulären Risikoprofils kommt dem Sport bzw. der körperlichen Bewegung besondere Bedeutung zu. Allerdings wird die öffentliche Diskussion um den potentiellen Nutzen der körperlichen Aktivität trotz der Forderung nach einer evidenzbasierten Medizin häufig ohne Kenntnis der wissenschaftlichen Datenlage geführt. Bis heute liegt im primär-präventiven Bereich eine Fülle von epidemiologischen Untersuchungen vor, die eine signifikante Reduktion der koronaren Letalität und Morbidität durch sportliche/körperliche Aktivität unabhängig von anderen Risikofaktoren zweifelsfrei dokumentieren. Diese präventive Wirkung trifft altersunabhängig gleichermaßen für Männer wie für Frauen zu. Sekundärprävention: Hinsichtlich der Sekundärprävention bei bekannter koronarer Herzkrankheit liegt ebenfalls eine Reihe von Studien und Metaanalysen vor, die eine signifikante Redukion der Gesamtmortalität sowie der kardiovaskulären Letalität und Morbidität um 20-45% belegen konnten. Optimale Bewegungsform: Der Frage nach der "optimalen Bewegungsform" wird nach wie vor kontrovers diskutiert. So sind es nach neueren Untersuchungen keineswegs nur intensive, trainingswirksame Leistungen, speziell Ausdauerbelastungen, die von gesundheitlicher Bedeutung sind, sondern auch z. B. regelmäßiges Spazierengehen oder erhöhte Alltagsaktivitäten. Schlussfolgerung: Es is somit auf Basis der verfügbaren epidemiologischen Daten die Forderung nach mehr Bewegung im Zusammenhang mit einer gesundheitsorientierten Lebensführung zur Prävention kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen unausweichlich. Ein frühzeitiger Beginn ist dringend erforderlich. Background: Effective prevention of cardiovascular diseases is of utmost importance in Western civilizations as they are on top of mortality statistics. Primary Prevention: Physical exercise plays an important role in optimizing the individuals cardiovascular risk profile. However in the absence of scientifically based studies the potential benefit of physical exercise is often beind discussed. Recently by several population-based studies it has been proven that physical exercise is inversely related to long-term cardiovascular mortality in both man and women of all age groups, even after adjustment for other risk factors. Secondary Prevention: Even for secondary prevention in clinical studies and meta-analyses a reduction of all causes and cardiovascular mortality of 20-45% was found after physical exercise. Type of Sports: At present it is being discussed controversially which type of sports would be most beneficial. Recent studies have shown that cardiovascular risk reduction is not only the consequence of vigorous exercise, especially endurance training, but can also be achieved by moderate training programs like walking or increased daily activities. Conclusion: Current epidemiological data reveal the necessity to perform more physical activity/exercise training, which would best be integrated in a health-oriented lifestyle. An early beginning, even in childhood, is important.