人类白细胞抗原-G免疫调节与自身免疫病研究进展

人类白细胞抗原G(Human leukocyte antigen G,HLA-G)是一种非经典的主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)-Ⅰ类分子,能够通过与抑制性受体结合作用,调节树突状细胞的分化成熟,T细胞、B细胞、自然杀伤细胞的功能以及调节性T细胞的增殖.     

sHLA-Ⅰ的研究进展

人类白细胞抗原（HLA）-Ⅰ类抗原除了主要以跨膜蛋白形式存在于人体有核细胞膜之外,还有少量以可溶性状态存在于人类血液、尿液、淋巴液、乳汁等体液中,被称为可溶性人类白细胞抗原（sHLA）。sHLA-Ⅰ类抗原在肝炎、肝胆胰系统肿瘤及移植的患者血清中都有明显的变化。本文就sHLA-Ⅰ类抗原的结构及在临床疾病中的意义作一综述。     

组织相容性抗原抗体在临床输血中的意义

HLA(人类白细胞抗原)实际是人类的主要组织相容性复台物(MHC),是存住于白细胞、血小板及机体全部有核细胞表面的一种多形性抗原系统。HLA被认为是每个人组织抗原的代表,与移植,输血及一些疾病有重要关系。     

人类白细胞抗原基因多态性与结节病相关性研究进展

结节病是一种病因不明的肉芽肿性疾病.研究表明结节病的发病存在一定的遗传易感性,目前已发现10余种候选基因与之有关,其中人类白细胞抗原等位基因与结节病的易感性关系甚为密切.本文就人类白细胞抗原基因多态性与结节病相关性研究进展作一综述.     

HBV野生株及C区突变株调节HLA-Ⅰ表达的作用

目的 研究乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)及其C区突变对机体人类白细胞抗原-Ⅰ(HLA-Ⅰ)表达的影响和机制.方法 构建HBV C区突变株G87、V60的真核表达载体,转染HepG2细胞,检测转染细胞中HLA-Ⅰ的表达以及抗原提呈相关基因LMP2、TAP1和tapasin的mRNA表达.结果 各转染细胞株均能有效表达HBsAg;各转染细胞株均有HLA-Ⅰ表达,野生株略高于C区突变株G87、V60;TAP1 mRNA表达上调,LMP和tapasin mRNA均未见明显表达.结论 HBV能诱导HepG2细胞内HLA-Ⅰ分子的合成,使TAP1基因转录增强,HLA-Ⅰ的表达上调.相对于HBV野生株而言,C区突变株G87、V60使宿主细胞内HLA-Ⅰ mRNA及其蛋白的表达水平降低.     

中华肝脏病杂志常用医学名词缩写可直接使用（二）

HBeAg P IllP HBeAg PT HBSAg LC LDH PTA HBV RIA LN HCC乙型肝炎核心抗原he阳titis B core ant论en乙型肝炎e抗原he脚titis B e ant堪en乙型肝炎表面抗原he哪titis B suri触ce antigen乙型肝炎病毒he阳titis B virus肝细胞癌he娜t侧芜llular carCinoma丙型肝炎病毒he阳titis C vin胭丁型肝炎病毒he训titis D vlnJS苏木家一伊红benoatoxylin王幻.n戊型肝炎病毒he训titisE、In侣庚型肝炎病毒址即titis G virus人类免疫缺陷病毒h比man immur幻deflel帐y VlrUS人类白细胞抗原human leuk以下te antigen辣根过氧化物酶h01.s…     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病的遗传易感性研究进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是环境因素与遗传因素共同作用的结果。目前发现α_1-抗胰蛋白酶、α_1-抗糜蛋白酶、囊性纤维化跨膜调节子、血型抗原、维生素D结合蛋白、α_2-巨球蛋白、细胞色素P4501A、人类白细胞Ⅰ类相关抗原、免疫球蛋白缺陷和微粒体环氧化物水解酶等与COPD遗传易感性有关。结合珠蛋白、细胞外超氧歧化酶、分泌型白细胞蛋白水解酶抑制剂以及组织蛋白酶G也可能是COPD遗传易感性的候选基因。     

IDDM患者HLA相关抗原与胰岛功能和病情的关系

ＩＤＤＭ患者ＨＬＡ相关抗原与胰岛功能和病情的关系单忠艳滕卫平邸国勋徐沈育宋芳吉人类白细胞抗原（ＨＬＡ）系统是识别ＤＭ遗传易感性的标志。本文系探讨我国东北地区汉族ＩＤＤＭ病人ＨＬＡ相关抗原与胰岛β细胞功能及其与病情的关系，旨在探讨是否存在以ＨＬＡ为标记...     

谷氨酰胺双肽对腹部手术后患者肠道黏膜免疫功能的保护作用

[目的]探讨谷氨酰胺双肽肠外营养支持疗法对腹部手术后患者肠道黏膜免疫功能的影响,为术后诊疗方案的制定提供参考.[方法]选取我院60例腹部手术后患者,随机将其分为观察组和对照组各30例.观察组采用谷氨酰胺双肽静脉滴注;对照组则采用相同容量的0.9％氯化钠静脉滴注.对比2组患者手术前后的血浆谷氨酰胺浓度、尿乳果糖与甘露醇比值、血浆二胺氧化酶浓度、人类白细胞抗原以及外周血总淋巴细胞计数的变化.[结果]对照组术后的血浆谷氨酰胺浓度较术前明显降低,观察组术后的血浆谷氨酰胺浓度较术前明显升高,术后第3天和第5天,其血浆谷氨酰胺浓度均明显高于对照组(均P＜0.05).术后第5天,对照组的血浆二胺氧化酶浓度和尿乳果糖与甘露醇比值均明显高于术前,观察组则明显低于术前;2组患者术后血浆二胺氧化酶浓度和尿乳果糖与甘露醇比值的对比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后2组患者人类白细胞抗原以及外周血总淋巴细胞计数均出现明显的下降,随后逐渐升高,术后第5天观察组的人类白细胞抗原以及外周血总淋巴细胞计数均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).[结论]腹部手术后采用谷氨酰胺双肽肠外营养支持能够有效减轻肠道黏膜免疫功能的抑制,促进肠道黏膜功能的恢复,有利患者术后的康复.     

风湿性心脏病HLA-DR抗原表达异常

近年来,国内外学者发现风湿性心脏病(RHD)有自身免疫反应,如细胞免疫功能亢进,CD_4细胞显著增加,自然杀伤细胞活性增强。在免疫活性细胞的相互作用中,人类白细胞抗原(HLA)起限制性作用。弄清RHD有无HLA的异常表达,对RHD发病机制探讨、     

Inhibition of host immune response in colorectal cancer:Human leukocyte antigen-G and beyond

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most diffuse cancers worldwide and is still a clinical burden.Increasing evidences associate CRC clinical outcome to immune contexture represented by adaptive immune cells.Their type,density and location are summarized in the Immune Score that has been shown to improve prognostic prediction of CRC patients.The non-classical MHC class?Ⅰ?human leukocyte antigen-G(HLA-G),is a crucial tumor-driven immune escape molecule involved in immune tolerance.HLA-G and soluble counterparts are able to exert inhibitory functions by direct interactions with inhibitory receptors present on both innate cells such as natural killer cells,and adaptive immune cells as cytotoxic T and B lymphocytes.HLA-G may play a prominent role in CRC strategies to avoid host immunosurveillance.This review highlights the current knowledge on HLA-G contribution in CRC,in related inflammatory dis-eases and in other type of cancers and disorders.HLA-G genetic setting(specific haplotypes,genotypes and alleles frequencies)and association with circulating/soluble profiles was highlighted.HLA G prognostic and predictive value in CRC was investigated in order to define a novel prognostic immune biomarker in CRC.     

Amino-terminal amino acid sequence of human leukocyte interferon.

We report the amino-terminal sequence of the first 22 amino acids of human leukocyte interferon. These and other results indicate that human leukocyte interferon consists of many individual species. We, therefore, postulate that diversity in this protein is routinely present and that the human leukocyte interferons represent a multigene family.     

Expression of functional soluble human leucocyte antigen-G molecules in lymphoproliferative disorders

Membrane-bound and soluble human leucocyte antigen-G (sHLA-G) molecules display immunotolerant properties favouring tumour cell escape from immune surveillance. sHLA-G molecules have been detected in several tumour pathologies; this study aimed to evaluate sHLA-G expression in lymphoproliferative disorders. sHLA-G plasma level was significantly increased in 110 of 178 newly diagnosed lymphoid proliferations cases i.e. 59% of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, 65% of B non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and 58% of T-NHL. To assess the mechanisms involved in this secretion, the differential effect of cytokines was tested in in vitro cultures of NHL cells. A significant induction of sHLA-G level was shown in T-NHL in contrast with B-NHL and normal equivalent cells, after cytokine stimulation with (i) interferongamma (IFNgamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, (ii) IL-10 and (iii) transforming growth factor beta. An impact of microenvironment on sHLA-G expression was found in B-NHL as shown by the in vitro effect of addition of normal monocytes. Finally, a functional effect of sHLA-G molecules purified from pathologic plasma was demonstrated by their strong capacity to inhibit T-cell proliferation at concentrations currently observed during these disorders. These results suggest that functional sHLA-G molecules are upregulated in lymphoproliferative disorders which can support their potential immunomodulatory role during this pathology.     

Production of hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to the human leukocyte interferons.

Thirteen monoclonal antibodies to human leukocyte interferon have been obtained. They exhibit different patterns of binding to purified leukocyte interferon species that are consistent with the structural multiplicity of the human leukocyte interferons. These antibodies will be useful as probes into the structure of the human leukocyte interferons, for their purification, and for rapid assay of leukocyte interferon.     

Construction and identification of bacterial plasmids containing nucleotide sequence for human leukocyte interferon.

Bacterial plasmids containing human leukocyte interferon sequences were constructed and identified. Identification was confirmed by correspondence of the nucleotide sequence with out amino acid sequence of human leukocyte interferon. The finding of bacterial recombinants containing distinct leukocyte interferon sequences is consistent with our purification of different leukocyte interferon species. We conclude that what has been designated human leukocyte interferon is, indeed, a class of homologous proteins. Preliminary indications suggest that their diversity appears to be represented by individual genomic equivalents. Each of the individual species exhibits characteristic activities. The structural modulation of these biological activities has immense significance for understanding the natural role of the interferons and for refining and developing their ultimate therapeutic potential.     

Amino acid sequence of a human leukocyte interferon.

The primary structures of three major species of human leukocyte interferon differ from the structure predicted from the DNA sequence of recombinants containing leukocyte interferon-coding regions. Compared to the recombinant interferon produced in bacteria, three of the purified natural proteins isolated from leukocytes lack the 10 COOH-terminal amino acids suggested by the DNA sequence.     

Inhibition of the activity of human leukocyte elastase by lipids particularly oleic acid and retinoic acid

The effect of various natural hydrophobic lipids on the in vitro and in vivo activity of human leukocyte elastase has been examined. In vitro studies using 2 different substrates indicated that fatty acids inhibit human leukocyte elastase activity, with maximum inhibition observed with oleic acid. Triolein, cholesterol, and beta-carotene caused little inhibition. The presence of a carboxyl group appears important since retinoic acid but not retinol also inhibited activity. In vivo studies of an emphysema model in mice indicated that intrapulmonary instillation of oleic or retinoic acid reduced lung injury caused by human leukocyte elastase. The possibility of using these compounds to diminish elastolytic damage in emphysema is raised.     

Inhibition of the activity of human leukocyte elastase by lipids particularly oleic acid and retinoic acid

The effect of various natural hydrophobic lipids on the in vitro and in vivo activity of human leukocyte elastase has been examined. In vitro studies using 2 different substrates indicated that fatty acids inhibit human leukocyte elastase activity, with maximum inhibition observed with oleic acid. Triolein, cholesterol, andβ-carotene caused little inhibition. The presence of a carboxyl group appears important since retinoic acid but not retinol also inhibited activity. In vivo studies of an emphysema model in mice indicated that intrapulmonary instillation of oleic or retinoic acid reduced lung injury caused by human leukocyte elastase. The possibility of using these compounds to diminish elastolytic damage in emphysema is raised.