髋臼假体的方位对假体骨水泥界面应力分布的影响

目的 通过三维有限元分析，探讨假体—骨水泥界面的应力分布情况以及髋臼假体的方位对该应力分布的影响。材料和方法 根据人工髋关节的工业设计制造图．利用有限元软件Ansys5．6的三维几何建模功能，建立了人工髋关节的三维模型．再根据Lenfsfeld试验得出的髋臼假体在不同的外展角下髋关节接触力的大小和方向．经过换算，然后加载负荷于股骨头上，计算出髋臼假体在不同的外展角下股骨假体与骨水泥内外侧界面的应力值。结果 假体与骨水泥界面应力分布不均．在股骨假体柄的始端处最大，是应力传导至骨水泥或股骨的主要部位，称为峰值应力(Peak Value Stress)或主应力，然后快速减小，大约越过股骨近端狭部，以后趋于平稳．在外侧接近于假体末端处又轻微增加。髋臼假体外展角在45度时．峰值应力最小．随着外展角的增大或减小，峰值应力都会逐渐增大。在假体远端。随着髋臼假体外展角的减少。在假体远端内外侧面的应力均逐渐增大，而且外侧面的变化更为明显。结论 股骨假体与骨水泥界面应力分布不均匀，在假体柄的近端是传导应力的主要部位，在该部位．股骨假体柄及骨水泥容易出现疲劳断裂。髋臼假体外展角增大或减小，股骨假体柄近端峰值应力都会增加．从而影响假体的使用寿命；在股骨假体的远端．髋臼假体外展角越小．界面应力越大，骨水泥越容易产生蠕变，对假体的稳定也越不利。     

定制型股骨近段假体的骨水泥三维有限元模型研究

目的 建立股骨近段大段骨缺损及定制型股骨近段假体的三维有限元模型,分析不同柄长的股骨近段假体柄植入髓内后对股骨-骨水泥的应力分布的影响.方法 通过CT扫描数据建立股骨近段130 mm骨缺损不同髓内柄长度(140 mm、120 mm、100 mm、80 mm、60 mm)的定制型假体的三维有限元模型.模拟下肢单足行走进行负荷加载,分析股骨-骨水泥的应力分布.结果 骨水泥应力由近端向远端逐渐增加,在假体柄末端附近达到最大值.当髓内柄长度为140 mm时,骨水泥层内、外侧最大应力值分别为2.5 MPa和5.5 MPa,均小于骨水泥自身强度,可以有效避免因高应力而导致骨水泥的碎裂.结论 股骨近段假体髓内柄要有足够长度,以减少骨水泥所受应力,防止因骨水泥碎裂而出现假体松动.对于股骨近段130 mm的骨质缺损,采用髓内柄长为140 mm骨水泥型股骨近段人工假体重建能够有效减少骨水泥层压力,从而避免因骨水泥发生疲劳碎裂而导致假体松动的危险.     

组配式人工半骨盆假体置换术后骨盆静态生物力学三维有限元分析

目的研究分析正常骨盆及术后重建骨盆健侧与组配式人工半骨盆假体在不同体位下应力分布情况,从静态生物力学角度为组配式人工半骨盆假体置换术的合理性及安全性提供依据。方法采用CT薄层扫描采集原始数据,分别建立正常骨盆和组配式人工半骨盆假体置换术后骨盆及假体的三维有限元模型,并分别在双脚站立、患侧单脚站立及坐位3种静力状态下进行生物力学加载,分析正常骨盆及术后骨盆和假体在不同体位下应力分布情况。结果在正常骨盆和重建后骨盆两种模型中,不同体位相同载荷下健侧骨盆应力值相差不大,在骶骨正中面上部、骶髂关节、坐骨大切迹上缘骨皮质及坐骨结节处达到最大值,其应力最大值远小于健侧骨盆的疲劳强度;患侧组配式半骨盆假体不同体位时应力最大值均出现在髋臼杯上方CS内固定器与髋臼杯连接部内侧,所受最大应力均远低于其疲劳强度;组配式半骨盆假体重建后骨盆不同体位时应力的分布规律与正常骨盆基本一致。结论组配式人工半骨盆假体置换术对健侧骨盆影响较小;静态不同体位下健侧半骨盆及组配式人工半骨盆假体的最大应力值均明显小于各自的的疲劳强度,健侧骨盆和组配式人工半骨盆假体安全性好;采用组配式人工半骨盆假体重建后的骨盆符合人体正常生物力学规律。     

老年患者人工股骨头置换的三维有限元分析

目的 对人工股骨头置换治疗的老年股骨转子间不稳定骨折有限元模型进行生物力学分析。方法 对1 名健康老年男性志愿者左侧股骨行螺旋CT 断层扫描后将数据导入Mimics14.0 软件得到股骨实体,获得左侧股骨转子间不稳定骨折模型。根据AML 生物型假体及Muller 骨水泥假体的设计参数,制作AML 普通柄、加长柄及骨水泥柄模型,并植入骨折模型中模拟3 种不同材料的人工股骨头置换术。将人工股骨头置换模型与正常股骨模型导入Ansys13.0 软件中,对各部分材料赋值后加载负荷并作应力分析。结果 正常股骨自近端至远端不断增加,并于中下段达到峰值。人工股骨头置换后并未改变股骨总体的应力趋势,同样是由近端到远端逐渐增加,应力集中部位为全长股骨中段,但股骨近端的受力小于正常股骨,同时股骨上最大等效应力增加。3 种假体受力集中部位均为骨髓腔峡部与假体连接处,假体的最大等效应力相近;3 种假体对股骨受力的影响趋势相同,但加长柄对股骨下端应力的改变小于普通柄,股骨的最大等效应力由高到低依次为加长柄、普通柄和骨水泥柄。结论 人工股骨头置换术用于Tronzo-Evans IV 型股骨转子间不稳定骨折可提高股骨的最大等效应力。     

水泥型人工髋关节置换治疗老年EvansⅠ-Ⅲ型粗隆间骨折股骨假体的生物力学特性

目的探讨人工髋关节置换治疗老年EvansⅠ-Ⅲ型粗隆间骨折股骨假体的生物力学特性。方法根据DI-COM 3.0标准,采用Mimics软件及CAD建模软件Unigraphics完成股骨三维实体重建,以大粗隆尖到小粗隆下缘作为骨折线并将骨折线以上部分移除,建立粗隆间骨折模型。将两种不同柄长(120、170 mm)股骨假体模型置入骨折模型,采用3 mm厚的骨水泥套层重建假体与股骨间的缺损,5 mm厚的骨水泥套层代替重建小粗隆上1 cm股骨颈截骨线与粗隆间骨折线间的骨缺损。最后应用有限元分析软件ABAQUS 6.5建立三维有限元模型,模拟单腿站立姿势进行力学加载,得到股骨假体的应力分布云图,在应力集中区域取5个位点取其平均值得到应力值。结果短柄、长柄股骨假体应力分布基本相同。假体颈部有两个应力集中区,分别位于假体颈的上部和中下部,接近与假体柄连接处,其中中下部与小转子上方的交界处集中明显。假体柄部内侧的颈干交界处相当于股骨矩区域有一较小的应力集中区域,由此向下应力略降低,随之逐渐增大,在接近假体柄内侧末端时形成第二个应力集中区域;假体柄外侧由近端向远端应力逐渐增大,到接近假体末端时形成假体柄外侧应力集中区。结论水泥型人工髋关节置换治疗老年EvansⅠ-Ⅲ型粗隆间骨折,股骨假体的应力分布与常规人工全髋关节置换后股骨假体的应力分布相似;长柄股骨假体的各应力集中峰值较短柄股骨假体高,但均没有超过金属断裂的应力极值。     

Elite全髋置换前后股骨应力变化的三维有限元分析

目的 研究Elite骨水泥型全髋置换前后股骨应力分布的变化。方法根据正常人体CT扫描三维重建股骨的形态以及．Depuy公司的Elite假体形态建立三维有限元模型,并加载关节负荷,分析假体植入前后股骨总体应力的改变并对股骨应力分布及改变进行分区量化研究。结果：Elite假体植入后没有改变股骨总体的应力模式,但降低了股骨近端假体周围骨质应力水平,尤以股骨距、股骨近端内侧及大粗隆最明显,产生了应力遮挡,假体末端出现应力增高现象。结论。Elite假体植入后在股骨近端产生应力遮挡,尤以股骨距、股骨近端内侧及大粗隆最明显,假体末端出现应力集中现象。     

国人股骨头置换术后股骨近端测试应力分析

目的 :讨论不同假体 ,不同固定状态 ,相同位置 ,相同应力下产生的应力遮挡效应 ,对骨质改变与假体松动下沉的关系。方法 :采用一付新鲜解冻的尸体股骨 ,选择粗细不同的假体柄 ,在骨水泥及非骨水泥固定状态下 ,测试相同载荷股骨近端的应力分布 ,计算相关点应力遮挡率。结果 :股骨内侧呈压应力 ,外侧为拉应力 ,前后侧拉压规律不明显 ;插入假体柄后 ,粗假体柄内侧应力遮挡率 η约 2 6 %～ 6 0 %,细的假体柄内侧应力遮挡率η约 5 %～ 5 0 %左右 ,骨水泥固定与非骨水泥固定状态从总体上变化不明显 ,有颈领与无颈领只影响颈附近的应力 ,有颈领的应力变化比无颈领的应力变化大。结论 :细的假体柄在骨水泥固定状态下产生的应力遮挡效应最小。     

股骨柄假体与骨固定界面三维有限元模型的构建及其生物力学意义

目的 探讨非骨水泥型人工髋关节假体柄-骨固定界面三维有限元模型的构建方法及其生物力学意义.方法 选用股骨标本和股骨柄假体,分别行薄层CT扫描,保存断层扫描图像.将CT扫描数据以Dicom格式导人Mimics软件,进行灰度阈值调整、区域分割后,重建两者的三维模型,并模拟髋关节置换术进行装配.股骨体内腔与股骨柄之间定义为面-面接触关系,在Free form软件中对各模型铺面处理后以IGES格式导入有限元分析软件Ansys中,采用十结点solid 185单元进行网格划分,选择人体45％步态相模拟人体攀爬楼梯工况,分析相应的yon Mises应力分布情况以及界面接触压力、磨擦应力和相对滑动位移.结果 所构建的面-面接触连接、界面划移的非骨水泥型髋假体-骨界面三维有限元模型,客观反映假体-骨界面的真实解剖形态及生物力学行为,还原性良好,可以满足有限元分析的需要.结论 构建的非骨水泥型人工髋关节假体-骨固定界面三维有限元模型,为非骨水泥型髋关节置换术后假体-骨固定界面骨改建、骨整合的力学基础研究提供精确模型.     

全髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折的治疗

目的:探讨人工髋关节置换术中及术后股骨假体周围骨折的治疗方法。方法:人工髋关节置换术中及术后股骨假体周围骨折4例,按Vancouver分型,其中,B1型3例,B2型1例。1例B1型采用钢丝环扎固定;2例B1型骨折采用异体皮质骨板加钢丝环扎、自体髂骨混合植骨;1例B2型保留假体行骨折切开复位锁定钢板钢丝内固定及自体髂骨植骨术。结果:术后随访3～24个月,4例患者骨折达骨性愈合,未发生骨折不愈合和术后感染。随访Harris评分比术前明显提高,平均82分,所有患者均可下床行走。结论:假体选择不当、术中追求假体与股骨皮质紧密配合强行击入假体柄、外伤等是造成人工髋关节置换股骨假体周围骨折的主要原因。采用骨折切开复位,异体皮质骨板加钢丝环扎、自体髂骨混合植骨不但能提供良好的固定支撑作用,而且长条异体皮质骨作为生物接骨板恢复假体周围骨折骨量并且没有应力遮挡效果,可促进骨折愈合,是一种有效治疗人工髋关节置换术中及术后股骨假体周围骨折的治疗方法。     

人工髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折9例治疗分析

目的 分析人工髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折的病因、治疗方法和效果.方法 回顾分析9例人工髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折的临床资料.其中2例非手术治疗,3例使用非骨水泥型股骨假体,1例使用骨水泥型股骨假体,3例使用植骨和记忆合金环抱器.结果 2例非手术治疗骨折者1例未愈合,1例愈合,7例手术治疗者骨折全部愈合.结论 假体稳定的A型骨折可以非手术治疗,B2型骨折使用非骨水泥柄假体,B1型和C型骨折使用植骨和记忆合金环抱器.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.