房室结消融加永久起搏器植入治疗难治性房扑房颤

目的：评价房室结消融加永久起搏器植入治疗难治性房扑房颤的安全性和有效性。方法：在临时起搏器保护下，对一例阵发性房扑房颤患者实施射频消融房室结并植入永久起搏器；观察其术中、术后及随访情况。结果：该患者手术成功，未发生与射频相关性猝死；术后生活质量改善。结论：房室结消融加永久起搏器植入可作为多种治疗无效的房扑房颤患者控制心室率的适当方法，该方法简单有效。     

三维立体标测指导下环肺静脉线性消融隔离肺静脉治疗房颤

目的：在三维立体标测系统（Carto—Merge）指导下进行环肺静脉线性消融隔离治疗房颤。方法：5例房颤患者（阵发性4例，持续性1例），术前行64排CT检查，重建出的左心房及肺静脉三维图像，在Carto—Merge指导下与患者的心脏解剖结构精确融合，在三维融合图上环肺静脉口周消融，实现肺静脉与左房电隔离。结果：5例患者全部完成预定线性消融，随访3个月4例无房颤发作，1例患者（持续性房颤）术后服用胺碘酮偶有阵发性房颠发作，3个月后无房早及房颤发作；1例患者发生心包填塞并发症；所有患者均无血栓及肺静脉狭窄并发症。结论：三维立体标测系统（Carto—Merge）指导下进行环肺静脉线性消融隔离治疗房颤安全有效。     

神经节消融治疗房颤的荟萃分析

目的 研究肺静脉电隔离（pulmonary vein isolation,PVI）或迷宫手术（maze procedure,MAZE）联合神经节消融,和单独神经节消融治疗房颤的疗效.方法 在PubMed、Embase、Cochrane、ClinicalTrials、Sinomed以及万方数据库中进行了系统的文献检索（1968年-2013年6月）,纳入了PVI/MAZE联合神经节消融与传统PVI/MAZE的比较,单独神经节消融与PVI/MAZE的比较的对照试验文献.主要结局终点是单次手术后未服用抗心律失常药物无颤或房速复发的成功率.检索的303篇文献中有7篇入选.结果 PVI/MAZE联合神经节消融显著提高了阵发性房颤患者窦性心律的维持（n=395,OR 6.94;95％ CI：2.97 ～ 16.21）,而对于非阵发房颤的患者则无明显获益（n=174,OR 2.84;95％ CI：0.81～10.03）.单独神经节消融术后窦性心律维持率低于PVI/MAZE（n=106,OR 0.31;95％ CI：0.14～ 0.71）.结论 PVI/MAZE联合神经节消融可提高阵发性房颤患者窦性心律的维持率,但非阵发性房颤患者无明显获益;单独神经节消融成功率低于PVI.     

局灶消融治疗阵发性心房颤动

目的 探讨心房纤维性颤动（简称房颤）经导管射频消隔术的治疗方法、疗效、安全性，及其激动与折返机制。方法 对14例阵发性房颤患者射频消融合术治疗，前6例采用肺静脉或肺静脉口消融术；后8例采用非接触心内激动标测系统（Ensite3000）标测引导下，消融房颤最早激动点和线状消融相关的折返途径。结果 肺静脉或肺静脉口消融的6例，成功3例，复发1例，未成功3例；用Ensite3000标测引导消融8例，成功4例，明显有效4例。结论 肺静脉或肺静脉口消融对部分起源于肺静脉的阵发性房颤有效；用Ensite3000标测引导消融能准确标测房颤的激动起源、传导方向、折返部位，能够精确指导射频消融术以最简捷的消融点线消融房颤折返的关键部位，更有效地治疗房颤。     

应用心腔内超声指导局灶性心房颤动的射频消融

目的：探讨在心腔内超声（ICE）导引下对局灶性心房颤动（简称房颤）行射频消融治疗的可行性和安全性。方法：选择4例阵发性房颤而无器质性心脏病的患，在ICE指导下根据电生理检查的定位结果分别在左房的左上肺静脉、右上肺静脉及右房终末嵴上部进行射频消融，消融能量为30W，消融温度为60℃，放电时间87－120s。结果：右房内超声均可在单幅影像下动态显示卵圆窝、主动脉、左房，穿刺房间隔时可避免误穿主动脉或穿刺针过深穿破左房。左房内超声可显示肺静脉及其分支的内部结果以及导管与内壁的贴靠紧密与稳定程度。1例术中房颤终止，术后1天复发；2例消融后房早消失，随访1周房颤复发；1例术中消融后可诱发房颤但随访半年无房颤发作。结论：在ICE导引下对局灶性房颤进行射频消融，能增加安全性和可靠性，是一种较有前途的方法。     

导管射频消融治疗房颤40例临床分析

目的：探讨导管射频消融治疗房颤的疗效、安全性及复发的相关因素．方法：40例房颤患者,阵发性房颤35例,慢性房颤5例．3例行节段性肺静脉电隔离术,16例行Carto三维标测系统指导下的环肺静脉消融及（或）左房、右房线性消融,21例采用EnSite三维标测系统指导下的“7或O”型左房线性消融和（或）右房峡部消融．总结房颤消融的成功率和复发率、并发症发生情况．结果：射频消融的即刻成功率100％,3mo后判断手术成功率,所有患者一次手术成功率87．5％（35／40）,5例再发房扑或房速的患者中4例再次行射频消融术,两次术后仍有3例复发房扑,两次手术成功率90％（36／40）,3例两次术后再发房扑的患者中仅1例患者行第三次射频消融术．阵发性房颤一次手术成功率97．1％（34／35）,并发症发生率2．5％（1／40）,无严重并发症发生．术后复发者均为大折返房扑或房速,复发与患者发病时间长、持续性房颤、左心房大、患者年龄大、合并高血压病等有关．结论：房颤射频消融治疗房颤效果较好且安全．     

环肺静脉消融治疗慢性房颤

背景：进行一项关于环肺静脉消融治疗慢性房颤的随机对照试验。方法：共纳入146例年龄为57±9岁的慢性房颤患者，将其随机分人头3个月仅接受胺碘酮及两次心脏复率治疗组（对照组）或联合环肺静脉消融治疗组。每天通过电话联系以评估心脏节律，共持续1年。在12个月时评估左房直径和症状严重程度。结果：77例接受环肺静脉消融术的患者中，26％因房颤复发再次行消融治疗，6％因非典型房扑而再次行消融治疗。意向治疗分析显示，在未服用抗心律失常药物的情况下，1年内消融组74％的患者和对照组58％的患者未出现房颤复发或房扑（P=0．05）。在对照组的69例患者中，1年内有53例（77％）因房颤复发转而行环肺静脉消融治疗，仅有3例（4％）在不服用抗心律失常药物且未行消融术的情况下维持窦性节律。     

不同消融策略治疗阵发性心房颤动的临床研究

目的 研究不同射频导管消融（RFCA）策略治疗阵发性心房颤动（PAF）的临床效果.方法 将44例PAF患者分成两组：①肺静脉电隔离组（PVI）21例,应用Ensite3000 Navx系统和Lasso电极指导下进行环肺静脉电隔离.终点消融为：若房颤发生,在消融过程中房颤终止,且肺静脉电位（PVP）消失,或房颤未终止,但PVP消失 若在窦律下消融,PVP消失.②PVI联合左房线性消融（PVI＋LALL）组23例,除完成PVI外,进行左心房顶部线和峡部线的消融并达到完全阻滞.结果 ①PVI组21例PAF患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间189～267 min,X线暴光时间24～51 min,17例患者术中出现房颤,其中9例在消融过程中房颤终止且达到肺静脉电隔离,另外8例消融过程中房颤未终止,但肺静脉完全隔离.4例患者在窦性心律下完成了肺静脉电隔离.随访期间发现3个月后有67%的患者房颤消失或明显减少.②PVI＋LALL组23例PAF患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间234～297 min,X线暴光时间29～55 min,19例患者术中出现房颤,其中14例在消融过程中房颤终止且达到肺静脉电隔离,另外5例消融过程中房颤未终止,但肺静脉完全隔离.4例患者在窦性心律下完成了肺静脉电隔离.左心房顶部线全部达到完全阻滞,峡部线有5例未能达到完全阻滞.随访期间发现3个月后有86.9%的患者房颤消失或明显减少.与PVI组比较,PVI＋LALL组手术时间明显延长,房颤消融后的随访成功率明显增加（P＞0.05）.结论 环肺静脉电学隔离联合左心房线性消融可以明显提高房颤RFCA后的随访成功率.     

Ensite 3000引导下环肺静脉口消融治疗房颤的初步探讨

目的：报告Ensite 3000引导下经导管环肺静脉口消融治疗房颤的初步体会。方法：利用Ensite 3000三维标测系统和环状标测电极分别在左房内右上、右下、左土、左下肺静脉开口及内部和左心耳内部完成几何学构建，围绕左、右上下肺静脉进行完整闭合的环状线性消融，与左房顶线性消融。持续性房颤患者在完成上述消融线基础上分别于上、下肺静脉间、左房峡部以及上腔静脉与右房连接处和右心房峡部连接消融。结果：4例患者手术结束时恢复窭性心律，肺静脉电位消失，心房起搏时心房肺静脉传导阻滞。术后除1例外3例再未发生出房颤，达到肺静脉隔离的经典消融终点。结论：采用Ensite 3000引导下的环肺静脉消融术治疗房颤是一种比较安全和可行的方法。     

导管消融治疗药物难治性房颤患者:一项前瞻性、多中心、随机对照试验(导管消融治疗房颤研究)

目的:为了研究在抗心律失常药物治疗失败的阵发性或持续性房颤患者中,消融治疗辅助抗心律失常药物治疗预防房颤复发的作用,进行了一项多中心、前瞻性、随机对照试验。方法和结果:137例患者被随机分配至消融联合抗心律失常药物治疗组(消融组)或单用抗心律失常药物治疗组(对照组)     

美国心脏病学杂志

缺血性左室功能不全患者中血压水平与心脏性猝死及植入式心脏复律除颇器益处之间的负相关关系;肺静脉消融后早期经电子束CT检出左房水肿的发生率及严重程度;慢性主动脉反流伴严重左室功能不全患者在主动脉瓣手术后其预后的改善.     

P波离散度对原发性高血压患者心房颤动的辅助诊断价值

目的探讨P波离散度（Pd）对原发性高血压患者心房颤动的辅助诊断价值。方法选择我科2008年1月～2010年1月诊断为原发性高血压病的患者100例,按有无阵发性心房颤动分为观察组45例（有阵发性心房颤动）和对照组55例（无阵发性心房颤动）;测量两组的最大P波时限（Pmax）、最小P波时限（Pmin）、P波离散度（Pd=Pmax—Pmin）,并对可能的危险因素进行Logistic回归分析;用心脏彩色超声诊断仪测量两组的舒张末期的室间隔厚度、舒张末期的左心室后壁厚度、舒张末期的左心室内径、左心房内径,并进行比较。结果观察组的Pmax、Pd显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;Logistic回归分析显示,Pd、左心房内径是原发性高血压病的预测因子;两组的舒张末期的室间隔厚度、舒张末期的左心室后壁厚度、舒张末期的左心室内径、左心房内径比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论Pmax、P波离散度、左心房内径是原发性高血压病心房颤动的独立预测因子,将它们联合应用对原发性高血压患者心房颤动的临床诊断辅助价值较高。、     

房颤血栓拴塞病例对照研究与关系型数据库

目的：为“中国房颤病人血栓栓塞研究”科研项目中病历对照研究部分提供—个采用先进的关系型数据库管理的解决方案。方法：在全面分析房颤血栓栓塞病例对照研究对于数据采集、数据管理及分析统计等实际需求的基础上,针对本项目研究的实际需求,以Microsoft Visual FoxPro 6.0为数据库开发工具。结果：建立了一个房颤病例对照研究专用的数据库软件系统,该系统具有用户界面友好、数据采集与管理快捷方便等特点,为本项目的研究提拱了先进高效的科学工具。并在实际应用中得到证实。结论：关系型数据库是一种先进的数据管理方案,在医学研究的大规模的数据管理分新中应用的意义十分重要。本数据库系统的开发是一个有益的探索,将有助于推动医学研究领缄的数据库管理标准的制定。     

急性心肌梗塞合并室上性心律失常262例临床分析

本文对我院1974～1984年1197例急性心肌梗塞中合并室上性心律失常的262例进行分析,并对心律失常类型、原因及预后进行了讨论。本组室上性心律失常包括房性早搏、交界性早搏、阵发性室上性心动过速、心房扑动和颤动。总发生率为21.8%。结果显示室上性心律失常的发生主要与心功能不全有关,与梗塞部位、窦房结动脉供血、是否累及心包和心房损伤无明确关系。急性心肌梗塞合并室上性心律失常的病死率与同期心肌梗塞的平均死亡率相比无明显差异,但当快速室上性心律失常,特别是房颤和阵发性室上性心动过速继发于心功能不全时,常使心功能进一步恶化,病死率明显增高。建议积极使用地高辛或电击复律,迅速扭转异位心律,改善心功能,或可减低由此引起的病死率。     

Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation

CONTEXT: Patients who have atrial fibrillation (AF) have an increased risk of stroke, but their absolute rate of stroke depends on age and comorbid conditions. OBJECTIVE: To assess the predictive value of classification schemes that estimate stroke risk in patients with AF. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Two existing classification schemes were combined into a new stroke-risk scheme, the CHADS( 2) index, and all 3 classification schemes were validated. The CHADS( 2) was formed by assigning 1 point each for the presence of congestive heart failure, hypertension, age 75 years or older, and diabetes mellitus and by assigning 2 points for history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. Data from peer review organizations representing 7 states were used to assemble a National Registry of AF (NRAF) consisting of 1733 Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 to 95 years who had nonrheumatic AF and were not prescribed warfarin at hospital discharge. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Hospitalization for ischemic stroke, determined by Medicare claims data. RESULTS: During 2121 patient-years of follow-up, 94 patients were readmitted to the hospital for ischemic stroke (stroke rate, 4.4 per 100 patient-years). As indicated by a c statistic greater than 0.5, the 2 existing classification schemes predicted stroke better than chance: c of 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-0.71) for the scheme developed by the Atrial Fibrillation Investigators (AFI) and c of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.71-0.76) for the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (SPAF) III scheme. However, with a c statistic of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.80-0.84), the CHADS( 2) index was the most accurate predictor of stroke. The stroke rate per 100 patient-years without antithrombotic therapy increased by a factor of 1.5 (95% CI, 1.3-1.7) for each 1-point increase in the CHADS( 2) score: 1.9 (95% CI, 1.2-3.0) for a score of 0; 2.8 (95% CI, 2.0-3.8) for 1; 4.0 (95% CI, 3.1-5.1) for 2; 5.9 (95% CI, 4.6-7.3) for 3; 8.5 (95% CI, 6.3-11.1) for 4; 12.5 (95% CI, 8.2-17.5) for 5; and 18.2 (95% CI, 10.5-27.4) for 6. CONCLUSION: The 2 existing classification schemes and especially a new stroke risk index, CHADS( 2), can quantify risk of stroke for patients who have AF and may aid in selection of antithrombotic therapy.     

甲状腺机能亢进症患者150例心电图分析

目的分析甲状腺机能亢进患者的心电图表现,并与正常人心电图作对比。方法选择我院2008年4月-2010年12月150例甲亢性心脏病患者为观察组,另选择我院健康体检者150例作为对照组。比较两组受检者的心电图变化情况。结果观察组心电图异常率为87．33％,对照组异常率为21．33％,二者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组患者心电图变化情况中,以窦性心动过速、ST—T段改变、心房颤动、左心室高压为主。与对照组相比,窦性心动过速、ST-T段改变、心房颤动、左心室高压的构成比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论甲状腺机能亢进患者的心电图异常率较高,临床医生应熟练掌握甲亢患者的心电图特点,及时治疗基础疾病,争取在疾病可逆阶段早期治疗基础疾病。     

Characteristics and prognosis of lone atrial fibrillation. 30-year follow-up in the Framingham Study

In 30 years of follow-up of 5,209 participants in the Framingham Study, 193 men and 183 women developed atrial fibrillation (AF). Among this group, "lone" AF occurred in 32 men and 11 women free of coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, rheumatic heart disease, and hypertensive cardiovascular disease. To determine the characteristics and prognosis of lone AF, each case was matched to controls in the remaining Framingham sample. Comparisons indicated that levels of several risk factors associated with coronary heart disease were similar between the two groups. Atrial fibrillation cases, however, had significantly higher rates of preexisting nonspecific T- or ST-wave abnormalities and intraventricular block as determined by electrocardiograms. Follow-up for new cardiovascular events indicated similar rates of coronary heart disease and congestive heart failure, but the rate of strokes was significantly greater in the lone AF group. Findings suggest that subjects with lone AF, despite similar cardiovascular risk profiles to normal controls, have a distinct preponderance of preexisting electrocardiographic abnormalities. Furthermore, contrary to general belief, lone AF is not a benign condition; it has a serious prognosis, indicating a greater need for detection and treatment.     

冠脉搭桥、瓣膜置换术同期实施超声消融术治疗心房颤动

目的对于行冠状动脉旁路移植或瓣膜置换术伴有心房颤动的病人同期实施经心外膜途径的超声消融术治疗房颤的治疗效果进行随访总结。方法选择房颤病史〉6个月的89名病人,其中永久性房颤67人,阵发性房颤22人,所有病人需同期实施冠状动脉旁路移植术或瓣膜手术。首先在心脏跳动下,应用Epico Cinch装置行经心外膜途径围绕肺静脉的房颤超声消融术,随后采用EpicoWand装置在肺静脉环形消融线与二尖瓣环之间附加一条消融线,然后行冠状动脉旁路移植术、瓣膜置换术或瓣膜成形术。结果术后6～12个月随访时,房颤治愈率为83%,其中永久性房颤的治愈率为78%,阵发性房颤的治愈率为100%。房颤的治愈率与房颤病史长短及房颤的类型有关。结论在心脏跳动下经心外膜途径的超声消融术对于冠心病和瓣膜病等器质性心脏病所合并的心房颤动是一种安全可行、简便有效的治疗方法。     

A patient decision aid regarding antithrombotic therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT: Decision aids are tools designed to help patients participate in the clinical decision-making process. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether use of an audiobooklet (AB) decision aid explaining the results of a clinical trial affected the decision-making process of study participants. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial conducted from May 1997 to April 1998. SETTING: Fourteen centers that participated in the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (SPAF) III trial. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 287 patients from the SPAF III aspirin cohort study, in which patients with atrial fibrillation and a relatively low risk of stroke received 325 mg/d of aspirin and were followed up for a mean of 2 years. INTERVENTION: At the end of SPAF III, participants were randomized to be informed of the study results with usual care plus use of an AB (AB group) vs usual care alone (control group). The AB included pertinent information to help patients decide whether to continue taking aspirin or switch to warfarin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients' ability to make choices regarding antithrombotic therapy, and 6-month adherence to these decisions. Their knowledge, expectations, decisional conflict (the amount of uncertainty about the course of action to take), and satisfaction with the decision-making process were also measured. RESULTS: More patients in the AB group made a choice about antithrombotic therapy than in the control group (99% vs 94%; P = .02). Patients in the AB group were more knowledgeable and had more realistic expectations about the risk of stroke and hemorrhage (in the AB group, 53%-80% correctly estimated different risks; in the control group, 16%-28% gave correct estimates). Decisional conflict and satisfaction were similar for the 2 groups. After 6 months, a similar percentage of patients were still taking their initial choice of antithrombotic therapy (95% vs 93%; P = .44). CONCLUSIONS: For patients with atrial fibrillation who had participated in a major clinical trial, the use of an AB decision aid improved their understanding of the benefits and risks associated with different treatment options and helped them make definitive choices about which therapy to take. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the acceptability and impact of decision aids in other clinical settings.     

QT离散度与急性心肌梗塞室性心律失常的相关性研究

目的 探讨急性心肌梗塞(Acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者体表心电网QT离散度表现特征。方法 回顾性分析87例急性心肌梗塞患者发病时QT离散度指标,并与正常对照组进行对比分析。结果 AMI早期QT离散度等指标较正常对照明显增大,且心肌梗塞后出现室性心律失常者QT。离散度较无室性心律失常组也有明显延长。结论 QT离散度延长反映心室肌复极不均匀性,易产生折返激动而致心律失常,可作为预测室速和室颤的一个指标。