Implantation of scleral-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lenses

A surgical technique for implanting a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) in eyes without capsular or zonular support is presented. A 10-0 polypropylene suture attached to a standard needle is tied to the apex of each haptic and passed transclerally through the ciliary sulcus to secure the haptics at the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock meridians. This technique produced good visual results in six aphakic patients who were contact lens intolerant, two patients in whom capsular or zonular rupture at the time of cataract surgery precluded standard nonsuture fixation techniques, one patient who had intracapsular cataract extraction for a subluxated, cataractous lens, and one patient who had secondary IOL implantation in combination with penetrating keratoplasty for aphakic bullous keratopathy. Advantages over other techniques of posterior chamber lens implantation in the absence of capsular support include technical ease, avoidance of iris fixation, and more precise placement of scleral fixation sutures, thus minimizing IOL decentration.     

Secondary intraocular lens implantation in children

PURPOSE: We describe a technique for secondary intraocular lens implantation in the ciliary sulcus in patients with congenital cataract or with primary aphakia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Secondary intraocular lens implantation was performed in 119 eyes of 74 children. The average age at this procedure was 6.8 (range 22 months to 10 years), whereas the average age at primary cataract surgery was 18 weeks (range 7 weeks to 19 months). The average follow-up was 5.7 years. All eyes received a PMMA IOL. The sites of IOL fixation was ciliary sulcus. All patients had cataract extraction (lensectomy) via the pars plana, leaving in situ peripheral collarette of capsular bag to enable secondary lens implantation. RESULTS: Complications included IOL dislocation in five eyes, visual axis opacification in four, pupillary capture in one eye. CONCLUSIONS: Secondary IOL implantation in the ciliary sulcus is a safe and effective method to correct aphakia in pediatric patients with adequate capsular support. This surgical procedure is associated with a low rate of complications.     

人工晶状体前膜形成与晶状体襻固定位置的关系

目的 探讨人工晶状体前膜形成与晶状体支撑襻固定位置之间的关系。方法 对45例45只眼老年性白内障行白内障摘出及人工晶体植入术后人工晶状体前膜形成进行回顾性分析术中人工晶状体襻固定的位置。结果 人工晶状体襻固定于囊袋内1只眼;不对称囊袋和睫状体沟内固定26只眼;18只眼为完全睫状体沟内固定。结论 人工晶状体襻不完全睫状体沟内固定是前膜形成的因素之一,而囊袋内固定人工晶状体则可减少人工晶状体前膜的形成。     

Akreos Adapt人工晶状体十字形袋／沟固定法在后囊大破孔时的应用

目的 观察Akreos Adapt亲水性丙烯酸酯折叠式人工晶状体（IOL）十字形袋/沟固定法植入在外伤后或白内障术中出现的后囊大破孔时应用的临床效果.方法 对31例（31眼）后囊大破孔者采用十字形袋/沟固定法植入Akreos Adapt亲水性丙烯酸酯折叠式IOL.随访期内观察其术后视力及视觉症状、术后炎症反应、IOL位置及固定状态、囊膜混浊程度、瞳孔和眼压等情况.结果 术后所有眼视力均较术前提高,最佳矫正视力0.1～0.2者4眼,0.3～0.4者5眼,≥0.5者22眼.所有术眼的IOL均在位,基本居中、无移位,视轴透明,未见严重的术后炎症反应或IOL相关并发症,瞳孔及眼压正常.结论 在后囊大破孔但连续环形撕囊完整时可采用十字形袋/沟固定法植入Akreos Adapt亲水性丙烯酸酯折叠式IOL,该法简便、快捷、安全,植入后IOL位置稳定居中,并有良好的生物相容性和眼内稳定性.     

Comparison of Artisan iris-claw intraocular lens implantation and posterior chamber intraocular lens sulcus fixation for aphakic eyes

AIM: To compare the efficacy and complications of Artisan iris-claw intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and posterior chamber IOL sulcus fixation for the treatment of aphakic eyes without capsular support after vitrectomy.METHODS:A prospective study of 45 cases was conducted. Forty-five eyes without sufficient lens capsule support following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined lens extraction were divided into two groups. Group A:25 eyes received Artisan iris-claw IOL implantation. Group B:20 eyes received posterior chamber IOL sulcus fixation. The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal endothelial cell loss rate, surgical time and complications were compared between the two groups. Pigment changes of trabecular meshwork and anterior chamber depths were measured at each time point in Artisan group.RESULTS:The mean surgical time of Artisan group was significantly shorter (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference in endothelial cell loss rate was noted between two groups at any time point (P>0.05). CDVA of Artian group was better than that of the sulcus fixation group 1d after surgery (P<0.05) and there was no statistically significant difference 1 and 3mo after surgery (P>0.05). Mean IOP showed no significant differences between groups before and after surgery. The postoperative complications of Artisan group were anterior uveitis, iris depigmentation, pupillary distortion and spontaneous lens dislocation. The complications of sulcus fixation group include choroidal detachment, intraocular haemorrhage, tilt of IOL optic part and retinal detachment.CONCLUSION:Secondary Artisan IOL implantation can be performed less invasively and in a shorter surgical time period with earlier visual recovery after surgery compared to transscleral suturing fixation of an IOL. This technique is an effective and safe procedure. It is a promising option for the treatment of aphakic eyes without capsular support after vitrectomy.     

Preoperative assessment of secondary intraocular lens implantation for aphakia: a comparison of 2 techniques

PURPOSE: To compare the preoperative evaluation of secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in aphakic adults following cataract extraction in childhood using slitlamp examination and high-frequency ultrasound (HFU). METHODS: In a prospective case series, patients who had had lensectomies for congenital cataracts without primary implantation IOL were evaluated for secondary IOL insertion. Slitlamp examination and HFU were performed to study the degree of ciliary sulcus support and iridocapsular adhesions. The choice of IOL (posterior sulcus supported or anterior chamber) was compared using the 2 techniques. RESULTS: Nine eyes of 5 patients (3 men and 2 women aged 15 to 40 years) were assessed for secondary IOL insertion. Clinical slitlamp examination suggested that 3 of 9 eyes had inadequate sulcociliary support, but HFU of these eyes revealed more than adequate capsular remnants. In all 9 eyes, sulcus-supported posterior chamber IOLs were implanted. No postoperative complications were observed, and no patients required surgery for dislocated IOL. CONCLUSIONS: High-frequency ultrasound is a useful adjunct for the preoperative assessment of secondary ciliary sulcus-supported IOL implantation in aphakic patients who had congenital cataract extraction without IOL implantation. In patients in whom inadequate dilation precludes the detection of capsular support, posterior ciliary sulcus-supported secondary IOL implantation should be considered preoperatively. Although the technique enhances surgical planning and informed patient consent, the final decision occurs at the time of surgery with direct visualization of the ciliary sulcus support.     

Secondary posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in children.

BACKGROUND: Primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation after cataract aspiration is a widely accepted means of correcting pediatric aphakia. However, little is available in the literature on secondary IOL implantation in children. We present our experience over the past 6 years. METHODS: The charts of 57 aphakic children (61 eyes) who underwent secondary posterior chamber IOL implantation between January 1989 and April 1996 were reviewed. In general, these children were either intolerant of or noncompliant with their contact lenses. An attempt was made to correlate visual outcome with patient variables. Evaluation of the ciliary sulcus structure was made in selected patients by ultrasonographic biomicroscopy to reveal any changes resulting from the presence of the IOL haptic in the sulcus. RESULTS: The age range at the time of surgery was 2 to 16 years (mean 8 y). Mean follow-up was 14 months (range 6 to 48 months). Forty-two percent of the patients had a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better and 78% saw better than 20/80. Posterior capsular opacification occurred in 10 eyes, 8 of which required neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser capsulotomy. No major complications occurred. Ciliary sulcus evaluation by biomicroscopy did not reveal any significant ciliary body or scleral erosion. No changes were noted when the implanted sulcus was compared with the normal contralateral side. CONCLUSION: Although follow-up was short, this review suggests that secondary posterior chamber IOL implantation is a safe alternative when other methods of correcting pediatric aphakia fail.     

Neue Hinterkammerlinse zur sulkusgestützten und nahtlos irisfixierten Implantation in aphake Augen ohne Kapselstrukturen

PURPOSE: To avoid anterior chamber lens implantation in aphakic eyes without capsular or zonular support, the laborious scleral fixation of a standard posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) is widely used, despite a large range of possible complications (macular edema, IOL tilt/decentration, suture erosion, vitreous hemorrhage). A sutureless iris-fixed ciliary sulcus implantation of a posterior chamber IOL (Binder-IOL, Fa. Iolution, Itzehoe) designed especially for such cases represents an alternative. METHOD: At the end of both haptics of this IOL, with a 6 mm optic zone, a T-shaped anchor is mounted at an angle of 45 degrees from the optical plane. These anchors are inserted from behind the iris into peripheral iridotomies performed preoperatively with a YAG-laser or intraoperatively with a vitrectomy cutter. The long, C-shaped haptics are thus secured in the ciliary sulcus. RESULTS: After slight modification of the technique, the implantation can be performed securely and reproducibly. In the 22 implantations performed to date, the IOL was well centered and stable, even in cases with only residual iris stroma. If the iridotomies are been performed too centrally, an ovalisation of the pupil may occur. No further side effects have been observed. CONCLUSION: The technique of sutureless sulcus fixation presented here leads to less complications than scleral suture fixation. A prerequisite for safe implantation of the anchors is good visibility of the peripheral iris. The implantation of the Binder-IOL is especially suitable for aphakic eyes with a loosened iris diaphragm.     

Original three-point fixation technique for sutured posterior chamber intraocular lens

PURPOSE AND METHODS: In order to avoid the complications associated with posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) scleral fixation, the authors have developed an original surgical technique by which the IOL is secured at the ciliary sulcus by suturing the haptics to the sclera in three points (at the 3, 5 and 9 o'clock positions). This technique was utilized for secondary IOL implantation in 21 aphakic eyes. The mean follow-up was 18 months, range 6-28 months. RESULTS: All eyes that underwent secondary implants had equal or better visual acuity postoperatively; none developed serious intra- or postoperative complications. No tilt or decentration of the IOL was observed postoperatively. DISCUSSION: The technique described appeared easy to perform and produced good visual outcomes with stable transscleral fixation of the IOL.     

Artisan虹膜夹持型人工晶状体植入术及后房型人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术治疗无晶状体眼的比较

目的:比较Artisan虹膜夹持型人工晶状体植入术及后房型人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术治疗无晶状体眼的疗效及并发症。方法:2007-03/2009-03我院住院患者中连续24例24眼无后囊膜支持的无晶状体眼患者,随机分为两组。一组11眼行Artisan虹膜夹持型人工晶状体植入术,另一组13眼选择后房型人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术。观察手术前及手术后1d;1wk;1mo的裸眼视力(visual acuity,VA)、最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、眼压(intraocularpressure,IOP)、角膜内皮细胞计数(corneal endothelial cells,CECs)。结果:两组间比较,术前VA,BCVA,CECs差异无统计学意义,术后BCVA,CECs差异无统计学意义。Artisan组手术后VA优于术前BCVA,差异有统计学意义。睫状沟缝线固定组手术后VA与手术前BCVA差异无统计学意义。两组手术前后IOP差异无统计学意义。结论:Artisan虹膜夹持型人工晶状体植入术与后房型人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术都是治疗无晶状体眼有效方法。两者比较,Artisan虹膜夹持型人工晶状体植入术手术操作相对简单,组织损伤小,更加安全,是治疗无后囊膜支持的无晶状体眼的比较理想的治疗方法。     

Intraocular lens implantation in the absence of capsular support: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology

OBJECTIVE: This review was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of open-loop anterior chamber, scleral-sutured posterior chamber, and iris-sutured posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs) in eyes with inadequate capsular support for posterior chamber implantation in the capsular bag or ciliary sulcus. It also attempted to determine whether there is a preferred IOL or fixation site of choice in eyes with inadequate capsular support. METHODS: A literature search conducted for the years 1980 to 2001 yielded 189 citations related to IOL implantation in the absence of capsular support. An update search, conducted in March 2002, yielded an additional 28 articles. The Anterior Segment Panel members reviewed these abstracts and selected 148 articles of possible clinical relevance for review. Of these, 89 were considered sufficiently clinically relevant for the panel methodologist to review and rate according to the strength of evidence. A level I rating was assigned to properly conducted, well-designed, randomized clinical trials; a level II rating was assigned to well-designed cohort and case-control studies; and a level III rating was assigned to case series. Articles comparing the safety and efficacy of the IOL type and fixation site were further evaluated for the quality of the statistical methods used in the study. Studies with a rating of A or B were considered acceptable, C was borderline, and D and F were considered unacceptable as medical evidence. RESULTS: Forty-three articles with data concerning outcome of IOL insertion in eyes with inadequate capsular support had an evidence rating of level III or higher and were used in the final review of the safety and efficacy of one or more lens types and/or fixation sites. Seven articles had data about more than one lens type. Six had a statistical method rating of C or higher and were used to evaluate differences in visual outcomes and complication rates between lens types and fixation sites. CONCLUSIONS: The literature supports the safe and effective use of open-loop anterior chamber, scleral-sutured posterior chamber, and iris-sutured posterior chamber IOLs for the correction of aphakia in eyes without adequate capsular support for placement of a posterior chamber lens in the capsular bag or ciliary sulcus. At this time, there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate the superiority of one lens type or fixation site. Precise determination of small differences in visual outcome or complication rates will require a large prospective, randomized clinical trial.     

无囊袋张力环下悬韧带断离IOL缝线固定术的临床体会

目的:探讨无囊袋张力环下白内障悬韧带断离囊袋人工晶状体(intraocular lens,IOL)植入缝线固定术的临床体会.方法:回顾分析我科2012-01/2016-12白内障悬韧带断离患者20例20眼,在无囊袋张力环下行囊袋IOL植入缝线固定术,采用悬韧带断离处囊袋赤道部穿针经过睫状沟,在角巩缘后约1.5~2.0mm原位出针,将缝线固定在IOL的上下襻后,再将IOL植入囊袋内,进行锯齿状缝合或者在事先预置好三角形巩膜瓣下进行IOL缝线固定.术后复查患者视力、眼压、前房情况和IOL位置.结果:患者20例20眼悬韧带断离无囊袋张力环下囊袋IOL植入缝线固定术后,视力均不同程度提高.术后视力≥0.8者4眼(20%),0.5~0.6者7眼(35%),0.3~0.4者8眼(40%),1眼(5%)因青光眼视神经萎缩术后视力仅为0.1.主要并发症:12眼出现角膜水肿,4眼出现瞳孔区渗出,2眼出现前房积血,均予相应处理后复查反应消失.2眼出现IOL瞳孔区少量玻璃体疝出,1眼由于玻璃体影响出现轻度IOL偏中心现象,由于视力未受明显影响未行特殊处理.随访6mo,期间无1例发生固定缝线脱落移位和IOL脱位.结论:在无囊袋张力环下采用囊袋IOL植入缝线固定术,是基层综合医院眼科可试行的一种手术方法.     

外伤性晶体半脱位晶体切除人工晶体植入术

目的：对５例５只眼外伤性晶体半脱位施行晶体切除联合人工晶体植入术进行了临床尝试。４例４只眼为人工晶体单袢固定,１例１只眼为人工晶体双袢固定。术前视力为０．０２～０．２,无继发性青光眼。结果：出院时裸眼视力为０．５～０．６者４只眼,０．４者１只眼。手术并发症：瞳孔欠圆３只眼,术后色素膜炎３只眼,后囊混浊４只眼。讨论了该术式的手术适应证,术前检查,巩膜缝线固定点的选择,术后效果,后囊混浊的处理以及手术中应注意的问题。     

改良后房型人工晶状体缝线固定术临床观察

目的：评价改良的后房型人工晶状体经巩膜缝线固定术的临床疗效。方法：将82例拟行后房型人工晶状体经巩膜缝线固定术的患者随机分成两组：改良后的无巩膜瓣线结埋藏式及经睫状体平坦部固定组;常规的有巩膜瓣经睫状沟缝线固定组。分别观察两组的手术时间、术后视力、术后并发症。结果：本研究中改良组的手术时间平均为39.95±5.87min,常规巩膜瓣组的时间平均为45.77±5.21min,两组手术时间存在显著差异。术后视力两组无显著差异。两组均未发生线结外露缝线磨损、术后眼内炎、视网膜脱离并发症。常规巩膜瓣组易出现人工晶状体光学部夹持现象。结论：改良的后房型人工晶状体经巩膜缝线固定术是一种矫正无足够后囊膜支持眼的安全、有效、简洁的术式。     

两种硅油取出联合人工晶状体Ⅱ期植入术疗效比较

目的:比较经睫状体平坦部三切口硅油取出联合人工晶状体囊袋内或睫状沟植入术与既往二切口硅油取出联合人工晶状体睫状沟缝合术治疗玻璃体切割术后硅油填充无晶状体眼的疗效及并发症。方法:回顾性分析2004-01/2006-12及2007-01/2009-12于中国医科大学附属第一医院眼科分别行上述两种硅油取出联合人工晶状体Ⅱ期植入术共计698例713眼,其中二切口组305例314眼,三切口组393例399眼,比较两组视力提高、术中及围手术期并发症、术后1a内玻璃体再出血、视网膜脱离复发、视网膜前膜发生率。结果:二切口组术后视力提高2行及以上98眼(31.2%),术后发生角膜内皮失代偿6眼(1.9%),术后发生低眼压13眼(4.1%),高眼压者11眼(3.5%),人工晶状体严重偏位者17眼(5.4%),术后1a内玻璃体再出血37眼(11.8%),视网膜脱离复发24眼(7.6%),视网膜前膜者45眼(14.3%);三切口组术后视力提高2行及以上者217眼(54.4%),术后角膜内皮失代偿及术后高眼压者均为0,术后低眼压5眼(1.3%),人工晶状体严重偏位者6眼(1.6%),术后1a内玻璃体再出血9眼(2.3%),视网膜脱离复发7眼(1.8%),视网膜前膜者3眼(0.8%),两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:与既往二切口硅油取出联合人工晶状体睫状沟缝合术比较,经睫状体平坦部三切口硅油取出联合人工晶状体囊袋内或睫状沟植入术疗效更好,并发症少,适宜广泛应用。     

Complications of endocapsular tension ring implantation in a child with Marfan's syndrome

A 4-year-old boy with Marfan's syndrome had severe visual impairment after subluxation of the crystalline lens with bisection of the pupil. In the first eye, a capsular tension ring and an intraocular lens (IOL) were uneventfully placed in the capsular bag after phacoemulsification. During implantation of the endocapsular tension ring in the second eye, an inadvertent tear of the anterior capsule occurred, and the posterior chamber IOL was placed in the sulcus. In both eyes, severe lens epithelial proliferation with secondary IOL decentration developed postoperatively. Several surgical revisions were necessary to keep the IOL within the optical axis. In the eye with the sulcus-implanted IOL, the endocapsular tension ring was markedly decentered.     

后房型人工晶状体缝线固定术后并发症的临床观察

目的：探讨后房型人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术在白内障术中韧带断裂及后囊破裂后人工晶状体二期植入,外伤性白内障、晶状体脱位等无晶状体后囊膜术眼中的应用及术后并发症。

方法：选取我科2007-02/2012-11 采用后房型人工晶状体缝线固定术患者31例32眼,均获得较满意的效果。

结果：术后随访3mo～1a,矫正视力>0.5者9眼(28%); 0.1～0.5者17眼(53%); <0.1者6眼(19%)。出现术中睫状体穿刺口出血、术后角膜水肿、角膜散光、悬吊线松弛断裂、人工晶状体偏位等主要并发症。

结论：后房型人工晶状体缝线固定术是目前无后囊或后囊膜晶状体悬韧带大范围缺损的手术首选,但还有许多手术并发症有待进一步解决。     

人工晶状体异位的原因和处理

目的:分析人工晶状体位置异常的临床情况。方法:人工晶状体异位23眼包括人工晶状体玻璃体腔脱位、瞳孔夹持、"刮雨器(雨刷)"综合征等,原因为术中后囊膜破裂、后发性白内障、人工晶状体襻变形、外伤等,应用旋转复位法、后囊膜夹持固定法、玻璃体切除或加睫状沟缝线法等。结果:术后视力明显提高19眼,症状明显减轻至消失,人工晶状体位置固定。结论:提高人工晶状体植入手术技术是减少术后人工晶状体异位的主要措施,根据人工晶状体异位的不同情况应用各种复位技术可得到良好效果。     

Outcomes of secondary sulcus intraocular lens implantation in unilateral anterior persistent fetal vasculature

AIM: To evaluate the surgical results of sulcus intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in children with unilateral anterior persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) underwent primary vitrectomy combined with lensectomy and preservation of the peripheral anterior capsule. METHODS: Twenty-two eyes of 22 children with unilateral anterior PFV who underwent sulcus secondary IOL implantation were analyzed. Main outcome measures were preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, and complications both intraoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: Review of 22 consecutive patients identified best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement from 1.37±0.84 to 0.73±0.57 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) after IOL implantation (P<0.001) with a mean follow-up was 16.55±5.86mo. Average age at secondary IOL implantation was 41.05±15.41mo. Three eyes (13.64%) achieved BCVA of 0.3 logMAR at the final visit. Transient intraocular pressure rise (4 eyes; 18.18%), postoperative increased inflammation (3 eyes; 13.64%) and postoperative hypotony (2 eyes; 9.09%) were common complications. CONCLUSION: Properly preservation of the anterior lens capsule during the primary surgery facilitated secondary sulcus IOL implantation in pediatric patients with anterior PFV, with favorable postoperative visual outcomes and compatible percentage of complications.     

Secondary intraocular lens implantation for pediatric aphakia.

PURPOSE: We sought to report the outcome of secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in children. METHODS: This was a retrospective case review. RESULTS: A total of 77 eyes were identified. An average age at secondary implantation was 7.8 +/- 5.0 years, whereas the average age at primary cataract surgery was 1.5 +/- 2.6 years. Average follow-up was 2.7 +/- 1.9 years. Thirty eyes received a hydrophobic acrylic IOL implantation whereas 47 eyes received a PMMA IOL. The sites of fixation for implanted IOLs were as follows: anterior-chamber (n = 6), sulcus (n = 42), in-the-bag (n = 14), optic-capture (n = 6), piggyback (n = 4), and sutured (n = 5). Complications included clinically significant decentration, 4 (5.2%); visual axis opacification, 4 (5.2%); dislocation of the IOL, 2 (2.6%); and pupillary capture requiring repositioning of IOL, 1 (1.3%). Clinically significant decentration requiring surgical intervention was noted only in eyes with sulcus-fixated foldable IOLs (28.6%; 4/14). None of the 29 eyes with sulcus-fixated PMMA IOL implantation developed decentration. All the decentrations were in an inferior direction and occurred in eyes of male patients (P = 0.03). Eyes with an axial length of >23 mm were 4 times more likely to develop decentration if implanted with a sulcus-fixated foldable IOL when compared with eyes measuring <23 mm (P = 0.03). Postoperative geometric mean visual acuity was significantly better than preoperative visual acuity (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Secondary IOL implantation can be safely achieved in pediatric eyes. In-the-bag fixation of foldable IOLs is associated with a low rate of complications. Foldable lenses appear to have a higher rate of decentration than PMMA lenses when placed in the sulcus in eyes of myopic male patients.