改良小切口甲状腺切除术治疗甲状腺腺瘤的效果分析

目的 研究改良小切口甲状腺切除术治疗于甲状腺腺瘤的效果.方法 以我院2014年3月~2015年11月甲状腺腺瘤患者106例根据计算机随机法分两组,常规切口组采取常规切口甲状腺切除术治疗;小切口组采取改良小切口甲状腺切除术治疗.就两组患者手术全程所需时间、手术平均出血量、甲状腺切除术切口长度、术后住院天数和甲状腺腺瘤治疗总有效率、术后喉返神经损伤等并发症发生率进行比较.结果 小切口组甲状腺腺瘤治疗总有效率明显高于常规切口组,术后喉返神经损伤等并发症发生率明显低于常规切口组,P<0.05.小切口组患者手术全程所需时间、手术平均出血量、甲状腺切除术切口长度、术后住院天数均明显优于常规切口组,WTBXP<0.05.结论 改良小切口甲状腺切除术治疗于甲状腺腺瘤的效果确切,手术时间短,切口小,创伤和并发症少,可加速术后恢复,值得推广.     

改良小切口甲状腺切除术和传统切除术对甲状腺结节患者疼痛及生活质量的影响

目的 探究改良小切口甲状腺切除术和传统切除术对甲状腺结节患者疼痛及生活质量的影响.方法 76例甲状腺结节患者,根据手术方式不同分为对照组和观察组,各38例.对照组采用传统切除术治疗,观察组采用改良小切口甲状腺切除术治疗.对比两组患者手术情况、并发症发生情况和生活质量.结果 观察组手术时间(85.41±20.56)min...     

腔镜辅助下小切口甲状腺手术治疗甲状腺良性肿瘤的疗效、安全性评估

目的探讨腔镜辅助下小切口甲状腺手术治疗甲状腺良性肿瘤的疗效、安全性。方法选取我院2015年1月至2016年1月收治的甲状腺良性肿瘤患者80例,采用动态化随机单双号的方式进行分组,对照组患者40例,采用开放性甲状腺切除术进行治疗,观察组患者40例,采用腔镜辅助下小切口甲状腺切除术进行治疗,对比两组患者出血量、手术时间、切口长度、住院时间以及术后并发症发生情况。结果观察组患者平均出血量为(11.37±3.66)m L、平均手术时间为(56.74±11.43)min、平均切口长度为(3.28±0.36)cm、平均住院时间为(3.08±0.72)d,各项结果明显优于对照组,两组对比有显著差异(P<0.05);并且观察组并发症发生率为7.5%,明显小于对照组,两组对比有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论腔镜辅助下小切口甲状腺切除术可以有效治疗甲状腺良性肿瘤,值得推广。     

低位小切口与传统甲状腺手术治疗甲状腺良性结节的效果分析

目的探讨低位小切口与传统甲状腺手术治疗甲状腺良性结节的效果。方法100例甲状腺良性结节患者,根据随机数字表法分为传统甲状腺手术组和低位小切口手术治疗组,每组50例。传统甲状腺手术组患者采用传统甲状腺手术治疗,低位小切口手术治疗组患者采用低位小切口手术治疗。比较两组切口的平均长度、手术时间、手术出血量、插管时间、住院时间、并发症发生情况。结果低位小切口手术治疗组切口的平均长度(3.46±0.64)cm、手术时间(48.21±6.87)min短于传统甲状腺手术组的(5.67±1.13)cm、(82.91±9.22)min,手术出血量(7.25±2.45)ml少于传统甲状腺手术组的(36.22±7.16)ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低位小切口手术治疗组插管时间(2.34±0.21)d、住院时间(3.25±0.41)d均短于传统甲状腺手术组的(3.98±1.21)、(5.91±1.89)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低位小切口手术治疗组并发症发生率2%(1/50)低于传统甲状腺手术组的18%(9/50),差异有统计学意义(χ^2=7.111,P<0.05)。结论低位小切口手术对甲状腺良性结节的治疗效果明显,患者术中出血少,可减少创伤,加速恢复,减少并发症的发生,该方法值得临床进一步推广使用。     

160例甲状腺肿瘤手术治疗分析

目的探讨甲状腺肿瘤手术治疗的临床疗效。方法 160例进行甲状腺肿瘤切除术的甲状腺肿瘤患者,观察患者的治疗效果、手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、并发症发生率等状况。结果 160例患者均成功实施甲状腺肿瘤切除术,平均手术时间为(73.4±4.5)min,术中出血量平均为(41.2.8±4.3)ml,平均住院时间为(8.6±3.2)d,术后并发症6例(3例切口感染,3例喉返神经损伤),并发症发生率为3.75%,患者经过治疗后均康复出院。结论甲状腺肿瘤是一种常见的临床疾病,选择手术治疗可实现痊愈,在行手术治疗时要注意术中出血量和并发症的发生情况,采取积极的相关护理措施,促进患者康复。     

小切口甲状腺手术与传统开放性甲状腺手术的比较

目的 探讨小切口甲状腺切除术与传统开放性甲状腺切除术的临床效果.方法 将甲状腺良性疾病患者72例按随机原则分为小切口甲状腺切除术组和传统开放甲状腺切除术组,其中小切口甲状腺切除术组30例,传统开放甲状腺切除术组42例,比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后疼痛评分、住院时间、术后3个月颈部感觉及切口满意程度.结果 小切口甲状腺切除术组比传统开放甲状腺切除术组的手术时间长、术中出血量少、术后引流量少、术后疼痛评分轻、住院时间短,各项指标差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).术后3个月随访结果显示传统开放甲状腺切除术组患者出现颈部感觉异常、吞咽困难程度较重,而小切口甲状腺切除术后切口满意度评分较高,上述各项指标差异均有统计学意义(均P ＜0.05).结论 小切口甲状腺切除术具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少等优点,术后疼痛较轻、切口美观,是一种安全、有效的手术方式.     

分析改良小切口甲状腺切除术治疗甲状腺结节的临床疗效

目的分析改良小切口甲状腺切除术治疗甲状腺结节的临床疗效。方法选取2018年1月至2019年7月我院收治的92例甲状腺结节患者作为研究对象,利用数字随机法分为对照组和观察组,每组各46例,对照组采用传统甲状腺切除术,观察组采用改良小切口甲状腺切除术,对比两组患者的相关手术指标和术后并发症发生情况。结果观察组患者的手术时间(82.51±18.46)min、术中出血量(24.97±2.58)m L和并发症发生率(8.7%)均<对照组患者,比较差异显著,P <0.05,有统计学意义。结论改良小切口甲状腺切术治疗甲状腺结节的疗效十分显著,能够有效缩短患者的手术时间,减少术中出血量和术后并发症发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

甲状腺结节应用传统甲状腺切除术与改良小切口甲状腺切除术的效果对比

目的 观察改良小切口甲状腺状腺切除术在甲状腺结节治疗中的应用效果.方法 96例甲状腺结节患者,采用随机数字表法分为传统组和微创组,每组48例.传统组患者行传统甲状腺切除手术,微创组患者行改良小切口甲状腺切除术.比较两组患者手术相关指标、术后并发症发生率以及术后3个月生活质量.结果 微创组患者手术时间(50.34±11....     

甲状腺瘤采用改良小切口手术和传统甲状腺切除术治疗的临床价值探析

目的对甲状腺瘤采用改良小切口手术和传统甲状腺切除术治疗的临床价值进行研究分析。方法从我院甲状腺瘤患者中选取64例,以采用改良小切口手术治疗的32例患者为治疗组,采用传统甲状腺切除术治疗的32例患者为对照组,对比两组患者治疗效果。结果治疗组患者手术切口为(4.82±0.38)cm、手术时间为(86.25±18.24)min、术中出血量为(19.82±8.24)m L、住院时间为(4.21±0.28)d、不良反应发生率为6.26%同对照组患者的(8.62±1.21)cm、(110.03±21.04)min、(31.58±11.04)m L、(5.89±1.24)d和28.13%相比,P<0.05。结论改良小切口手术在治疗甲状腺瘤临床上获得良好效果。     

改良小切口手术和传统甲状腺切除术治疗甲状腺瘤的临床疗效分析

目的探讨改良小切口手术和甲状腺切除术对甲状腺瘤临床效果的对比分析。方法将我院100例甲状腺瘤患者随机分为观察组与对照组,每组50例。对照组给予传统甲状腺切除手术,观察组给予改良小切口手术,最后对两组临床疗效比较。结果观察组患者手术时间(85.6±19.3)min要明显比对照组(108.5±20.9)min要少;观察组患者手术切口(4.9±0.8)cm明显的比对照组(8.9±1.6)cm要小;观察组患者住院天数(4.3±0.9)d明显比对照组(5.9±1.4)d要短;观察组术中出血量(20.3±9.0)m L要明显比对照组(32.6±12.6)m L要少,两组(P<0.05);观察组并发症率为0,明显的比对照组8.0%要低,(P<0.05)。结论两种治疗方法对比得出改良小切口手术治疗效果显著优于将传统的甲状腺切除术,能减低患者痛苦,伤口创伤面小,安全性好、见效快,值得加以推广。     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Polymorphisms in genes involved in neurotransmission in relation to smoking

Smoking behavior is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The genetic contribution to smoking behavior is at least as great as its contribution to alcoholism. Much progress has been achieved in genomic research related to cigarette-smoking within recent years. Linkage studies indicate that there are several loci linked to smoking, and candidate genes that are related to neurotransmission have been examined. Possible associated genes include cytochrome P450 subfamily polypeptide 6 (CYP2A6), dopamine D₁, D₂, and D₄ receptors, dopamine transporter, and serotonin transporter genes. There are other important candidate genes but studies evaluating the link with smoking have not been reported. These include genes encoding the dopamine D₃ and D₅ receptors, serotonin receptors, tyrosine hydroxylase, trytophan 2,3-dioxygenase, opioid receptors, and cannabinoid receptors. Since smoking-related factors are extremely complex, studies of diverse populations and of many aspects of smoking behavior including initiation, maintenance, cessation, relapse, and influence of environmental factors are needed to identify smoking-associated genes. We now review genetic polymorphisms reported to be involved in neurotransmission in relation to smoking.     

Tramadol concentrations in blood and in cerebrospinal fluid in a neonate

Based on blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples collected in a full-term neonate, the penetration of tramadol in the central nervous system is described. Following intravenous administration of tramadol, a lag time of about 4 h was observed until full blood–brain equilibration was achieved. This pharmacokinetic observation is in line with a recent pharmacodynamic evaluation of the central opioid effects of tramadol in adults.     

Disease control in asthmatic children seen in private practice in Switzerland

ABSTRACT

Background: Asthma is the most common chronic childhood disease in Switzerland with a prevalence of 10%. Asthma has a high economic burden accounting for high medical costs. Assessment of disease control is likely to be of help in the implementation of strategies to improve asthma. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate asthma control and therapy regimens among children in private practice.

Methods: We assessed asthma control as well as therapy regimens in 575 asthmatic children in an experience programme in Switzerland by using an abbreviated questionnaire based on the asthma control questionnaire and the child health questionnaire on Visit 1 and Visit 2.

Results: Good asthma control at Visit 1 was only present in 25.7% of asthmatic children. Occasional asthma symptoms, limitation of physical activity, nocturnal awakening and anxiety of the parent was present in 80.5%, 41.2%, 46.8% and 57% of the children, respectively. After adjustment of therapy regimens at Visit 1, mainly by adding a leukotriene receptor antagonist, asthma control was reported to be much better in 53.4% of the children at Visit 2.

Conclusions: As asthma control is inadequately achieved within a major portion of asthmatic children, it is imperative to find measures to improve asthma control and hence, to reduce the burden of disease.