血清CA153、CEA和CA125水平与乳腺癌病情转归的相关性

目的探究血清CA153、CEA和CA125水平与乳腺癌病情转归的相关性。方法选取2014年1月至2015年1月在我院接受治疗的50例乳腺癌患者为研究对象,在手术之前半个月与手术之后半个月均对患者血清进行CA153、CEA和CA125水平检测,同时,在手术前对肿瘤的大小、类型转移情况进行检查,术后对患者进行随访,观察乳腺癌转移情况。结合患者肿瘤细胞变化情况,对患者血清CA153、CEA和CA125水平检查数据进行分析。结果在患者进行手术之前,患者CA135水平为(28.04±14.25)U/m L,CEA水平为(15.84±7.25)ng/m L,CA125水平为(45.84±15.06)U/m L;手术后,患者CA135水平为(8.13±3.19)U/m L,CEA水平为(10.22±7.13)ng/m L,CA125水平为(16.95±6.41)U/m L。且Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者血清CA153、CEA和CA125水平明显高于Ⅰ/Ⅱ期患者,手术后复发患者明显高于无复发患者。结论乳腺癌患者血清CA153、CEA和CA125水平与乳腺癌病情归转呈正相关,即血清CA153、CEA和CA125水平可用于乳腺癌的诊断,具有一定的诊断价值。     

血清肿瘤标志物CEA、CA153、CA125联合检测对肺癌的诊断价值探讨

目的 分析血清肿瘤标志物癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原153(CA153)、糖类抗原125(CA125联合检测对肺癌的诊断价值。方法 选择40例肺癌患者作为研究组,另根据均衡原则选取同期健康体检人员40例作为对照组。两组均行血清肿瘤标志物CEA、CA153、CA125水平检测。比较研究组不同血清肿瘤标志物检测阳性率,并比较两组CEA、CA153、CA125水平。结果 CEA检测阳性率60.00%(24/40), CA153检测阳性率为65.00%(26/40), CA125检测阳性率为62.50%(25/40),联合检测阳性率为95.00%(38/40);联合检测阳性率高于CEA、CA153、CA125单独检测,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者的血清CEA、CA153、CA125分别为(33.13±12.36)ng/ml、(88.12±65.24)U/ml、(36.83±14.12)U/ml,均高于对照组的(3.13±0.72)ng/ml、(15.32±4.72)U/ml、(13.24±4.31)U/ml,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 肺癌患者的CE...     

多种耐药基因蛋白在乳腺癌和三阴乳腺癌中表达差别的研究

目的 比较分析多种耐药相关基因蛋白在乳腺癌和三阴乳腺癌表达差别,进一步了解三阴乳腺癌的耐药特性,为临床治疗三阴乳腺癌选择化疗方案提供依据.方法 选取术前未行化疗及内分泌治疗的的62例乳腺癌标本,其中三阴乳腺癌病例20例.采用免疫组化方法 检测LRP、p170、谷胱甘肽S转移酶（GSTπ）、TopoⅡa在乳腺癌、三阴乳腺癌、非三阴乳腺癌中表达差别.结果 p170、LRP、GSTπ、TopoⅡa四种耐药基因相关蛋白在所有乳腺癌病例中阳性表达率分别为41.94%,59.68%,56.45%,62.90%,p170、LRP、GSTπ、TopoⅡa在非三阴组与三阴组阳性表达率分别为和40.48%,59.52%,47.62%,57.14%和45.00%,60.00%,75.00%,75.00%,其中GSTπ在2组中的表达差异有统计意义（P〈0.05）.2组乳腺癌中多基因共表达率分别为40.00%、11.90%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 初治乳腺癌中存在多个耐药基因蛋白表达及共表达,三阴乳腺癌比非三阴乳腺癌化疗耐药性强,化疗效果不如非三阴组敏感.GSTπ表达强于非三阴组,提示三阴乳腺癌预后较差,化疗不敏感.     

血清CA199、CEA以及CA724在结肠癌患者辅助诊断中的应用价值分析

目的 分析血清糖类抗原199(CA199)、癌胚抗原(CEA)以及糖类抗原724(CA724)在结肠癌辅助诊断中的应用价值。方法 选择80例结肠癌患者作为观察组,另选择80例结肠良性病变患者作为对照组。检测两组患者的血清CA199、CEA以及CA724水平。比较两组患者血清肿瘤标志物水平,观察组患者三项指标联合与单一指标检测的阳性检出情况,观察组不同分期患者血清肿瘤标志物水平。结果 观察组患者血清CA199、CEA以及CA724水平分别为(47.06±60.24)U/ml、(36.55±47.28)ng/ml、(15.75±16.21)U/ml,高于对照组的(15.51±20.35)U/ml、(2.45±3.29)ng/ml、(3.84±4.27)U/ml,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者三项指标联合检测的阳性检出率81.25%高于CA199、CEA、CA724单一指标检测的41.25%、61.25%、57.50%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组Ⅲ+Ⅳ期患者血清CA199、CEA以及CA724水平分别为(40.55±31.48)U/ml、(30.8...     

血清CA153、CA125和CEA联合检测在乳腺癌临床诊疗中的应用

目的 探讨血清肿瘤标志物CA153、CA125和CEA联合检测在乳腺癌诊断及疾病转归判断中的临床价值.方法 采用化学发光法检测82例乳腺癌患者(乳腺癌组)、56例良性乳腺疾病患者(良性疾病组)和50名健康体检的成年女性(正常对照组)血清中CA153、CA125和CEA含量,并对结果进行统计分析.结果 乳腺癌组患者血清CA153、CA125和CEA含量均明显高于良性疾病组和正常对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);良性疾病组患者血清CA153、CA 125和CEA含量与正常对照组比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).检测单项血清CA153诊断乳腺癌的敏感性为57.3％,特异性为96.4％;联合检测血清CA153、CA125和CEA诊断乳腺癌的敏感性为86.6％,特异性为94.6％.乳腺癌根治术后无转移复发的58例患者经4个疗程化疗后,血清CA153、CA125和CEA水平基本恢复正常;术后转移复发的24例患者血清CA153、CA125和CEA水平无明显下降或不降反升.结论 联合检测血清CA153、CA125和CEA可明显提高乳腺癌的检出率,是诊断早期乳腺癌较好的实验室检测组合项目,对乳腺癌的临床诊断及疾病转归的判断有重要参考价值.     

早期乳腺癌应用保乳手术和改良根治术治疗的效果评价

目的回顾性分析早期乳腺癌患者应用保乳手术和改良根治术治疗的临床效果。方法150例早期乳腺癌患者,根据治疗方法不同分为观察组和参照组,各75例。参照组采用改良根治术治疗,观察组采用保乳手术治疗。比较两组患者手术疗效、手术时间、术中出血量、术后糖类抗原(CA)125水平、术后CA153水平、住院时间及并发症发生情况。结果观察组治疗总有效率为93.33%,高于参照组的81.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组手术时间(101.37±11.04)min、术中出血量(82.53±15.78)ml、术后CA125(7.03±0.05)U/ml、术后CA153(3.46±1.42)U/ml、住院时间(7.89±1.45)d均优于参照组的(142.68±15.67)min、(256.83±23.49)ml、(11.24±0.89)U/ml、(9.24±1.35)U/ml、(13.51±1.74)d,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率为14.67%低于参照组的28.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对早期乳腺癌患者应用保乳手术治疗的临床疗效优于改良根治术,并发症发生率低,适合临床推广应用。     

“三阴”型与非“三阴”型乳腺癌临床特征与E-钙黏蛋白表达的临床意义

目的通过回顾性分析总结"三阴"型乳腺癌与非"三阴"型乳腺癌患者的临床病理特征、生物学特点以及两组E-钙黏蛋白表达情况来探讨其表达与乳腺癌转移及预后的相关性,以指导临床对于预后的判断。方法随机抽取笔者所在医院收治的经病理组织学确诊的乳腺癌患者病理组织113例,所有资料临床数据可溯源,且随访完整。采用统计软件对"三阴"型与"非三阴"型乳腺癌患者的临床病理学特点、复发转移、月经状况、E-钙黏蛋白表达等方面进行分析。结果"三阴"型与非三阴型乳腺癌患者相比,E-钙黏蛋白表达无明显统计学差异。但E-钙黏蛋白低表达者,生存曲线有下降趋势。logistic回归分析显示E-钙黏蛋白表达与腋窝淋巴结早期转移、远处转移部位多少、绝经状态以及ER表达状态差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);同时用COX风险模型多因素分析显示,本组患者腋窝淋巴结数目、远处转移部位多少为三阴及非三阴性乳腺癌预后不良的独立危险因素。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示ER阳性且E-钙黏蛋白低表达的非三阴乳腺癌生存时间缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论"三阴"型乳腺癌与非"三阴"型乳腺癌E-钙黏蛋白表达低者预示生存时间缩短,同时E-钙黏蛋白表达与ER表达呈负相关性(P<0.05)。E-钙黏蛋白表达对于乳腺癌预后具有指导性意义。     

联合检测血清CEA、CA125、CA199及AFP对不同肝病的诊断价值探讨

目的分析不同肝病患者以血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖链抗原125(CA125)、糖链抗原199(CA199)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)联合检测的诊断价值。方法选取299例肝病患者作为观察组,另选取3605例接受体检的健康者作为对照组。两组研究对象均接受血清CEA、CA125、CA199、AFP检测。对比两组研究对象血清CEA、CA125、CA199、AFP水平,同时对比观察组不同分级和不同类型肝硬化患者的CEA、CA125、CA199、AFP水平。结果观察组中肝炎患者CEA、CA125、CA199、AFP水平分别为(3.85±0.14)ng/ml、(34.59±11.04)U/ml、(25.22±1.31)U/ml、(10.33±4.24)ng/ml;肝硬化患者CEA、CA125、CA199、AFP水平分别为(4.11±0.18)ng/ml、(253.29±12.21)U/ml、(28.79±1.52)U/ml、(37.41±4.03)ng/ml;肝癌患者CEA、CA125、CA199、AFP水平分别为(6.93±0.17)ng/ml、(287.37±11.94)U/ml、(93.32±1.77)U/ml、(3859.47±120.44)ng/ml。对照组研究对象CEA、CA125、CA199、AFP水平分别为(3.05±0.12)ng/ml、(11.38±5.21)U/ml、(18.48±1.01)U/ml、(3.01±1.00)ng/ml。观察组患者CEA、CA125、CA199、AFP水平均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Ⅲ级肝硬化患者血清CEA(7.66±0.21)ng/ml、CA125(385.45±13.25)U/ml、CA199(24.77±2.05)U/ml、AFP(46.31±5.02)ng/ml均明显高于Ⅱ级患者的(4.42±0.23)ng/ml、(262.41±11.06)U/ml、(18.31±2.31)U/ml、(25.94±4.52)ng/ml和Ⅰ级患者的(3.54±0.25)ng/ml、(178.49±11.04)U/ml、(8.24±2.47)U/ml、(17.38±4.49)ng/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。胆汁性肝硬化患者CEA水平为(5.89±1.05)ng/ml高于酒精性肝硬化患者的(5.22±1.03)ng/ml和病毒性肝硬化患者的(3.49±1.02)ng/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);酒精性肝硬化患者CA125、CA199水平分别为(312.59±13.23)、(26.34±2.12)U/ml高于胆汁性肝硬化患者的(128.59±21.05)、(18.31±2.01)U/ml和病毒性肝硬化者的(214.01±13.22)、(19.30±2.05)U/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);病毒性肝硬化患者AFP水平为(57.39±11.05)ng/ml高于胆汁性肝硬化患者的(6.33±1.04)ng/ml和酒精性肝硬化患者的(5.35±1.09)ng/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不同肝病患者以血清CEA、CA125、CA199、AFP联合检测能够鉴别肝病类型,准确性较高,值得应用推广。     

三阴乳腺癌的超声特征分析

目的 探讨三阴乳腺癌的超声表现特征。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年12月安徽医科大学第一附属医院经手术病理证实的乳腺癌61例患者临床资料，肿块61个，其中三阴乳腺癌（TNBC）25例，非三阴乳腺癌（nTNBC）36例，所有病例均经术前超声检查，术后病理诊断并做免疫组化。分析其病理类型及超声图像特征，包括大小、形态、边缘、有无微钙化、后方声影和血流。结果 两组病例病理分类差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），多为浸润性癌，TNBC组WHO分级高于nTNBC组。TNBC组60.0%（15/25）边缘光滑锐利，微钙化发生率16.0%（4/25），nTNBC组边缘光滑者19.4%（7/36），发生微钙化69.4%（25/36），两组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。而在超声测值大小、形状、后方回声及血流方面比较两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 三阴乳腺癌多数肿块边缘光滑，微钙化发生率低，具有一定超声特征。     

三阴乳腺癌的临床分析

目的探析三阴乳腺癌的临床特点。方法选择我院肿瘤科自2009年6月至2012年6月收治的进行乳腺癌手术的病例500例,进行临床资料的回顾性分析,包括三阴乳腺癌患者50例,非三阴乳腺癌患者450例,对比分析两种乳腺癌病例的临床特点和5年生存率。结果三阴乳腺癌患者占所有乳腺癌患者的10％,以绝经前的女性为多,其中肿块〉5cm的有13例,占三阴乳腺癌患者总数的26％;淋巴转移的有30例,占总数的60％;三阴乳腺癌的复发和转移部位以肝脏和肺脏为主,5年总生存率为80％,与非三阴乳腺癌患者（90％）相此略低。淋巴结转移的患者复发率为70％,低于淋巴结无转移的患者（80％）。结论通过同非三阴乳腺癌的比较,三阴乳腺癌的临床特点不同,复发转移累及器官多位肝脏和肺部,脑部也较为多见,且三阴乳腺癌的预后较差。     

甲状腺癌同时合并乳腺小管癌1例及文献复习

甲状腺癌和乳腺癌以女性发病多见，近10年来发病率都呈显著上升。本文报道1例同时发生甲状腺癌和乳腺癌患者，并综合文献进行讨论。     

湿疹样乳腺癌85例临床分析

目的 探讨湿疹样乳腺癌的临床特点,诊治方法 及预后因素,提高对湿疹样乳腺癌的认识。方法 回顾性分析作者在韩国首尔峨山医院进修时收集的85例湿疹样乳腺癌患者的临床资料。结果 女83例,男2例。乳腺有湿疹样表现79例（92.9%）,伴乳腺肿块52例（61.2%）,同侧腋窝淋巴结转移27例（占本组85例的31.8%及占伴乳腺肿块病例的51.9%）,均为伴有乳腺肿块的病例。52例行乳癌改良根治术,30例行乳腺单纯切除术,3例行局部切除术。单纯乳头及乳晕湿疹样乳腺癌11例（12.9%）,均为无乳腺肿块的病例,其余74例（87.1%）均合并其他类型的乳腺癌。本组5年生存率为82.1%,其中无乳腺肿块者5年生存率为93.9%,合并肿块者5年生存率为75.0%（P〈0.05）,无同侧腋窝淋巴结转移者5年率为96.6%,有转移者5年生存率为51.9%（P〈0.01）。结论 湿疹样乳腺癌有特殊的临床表现,但易误诊,病灶细胞学和病理学检查可以确诊,伴乳腺肿块者应选择乳癌改良根治术,无乳腺肿块者可选择乳腺单纯切除术,预后与乳腺肿块及同侧腋窝淋巴结转移密切相关。     

抗癌新药来曲唑的临床进展及市场展望

通过查阅近几年的文献,综述了来曲唑的药效研究、临床研究的现状。研究结果显示,来曲唑作为新一代非肾上腺皮质类固醇药物,是一种口服的高选择性强效芳香化酶抑制剂。2.5mg来曲唑对晚期乳腺癌的疗效优于标准治疗剂量的氨鲁米特(AG)和甲地孕酮,且毒副作用轻微。     

乳癌根治术后放化疗对乳腺癌中晚期患者T淋巴细胞及生存率的影响

目的探讨乳癌根治术后放化疗对乳腺癌中晚期患者T淋巴细胞及生存率的影响。方法选择本科2010年6月～2011年12月收治的乳腺癌中晚期患者56例,治疗方案为手术＋放疗＋化疗,手术方式为乳癌根治术。术后进行化疗分别于第1、8天给予多西紫杉醇75mg／m2静脉滴注,缓慢滴注时间为3h;术后第1～3天给予顺铂溶于生理盐水250ml静脉滴注,剂量20mg／m2,时间1h,3周为1个周期;三维适形放疗为DT2Gy／次。1次／d,5次／周,观察患者治疗前后相关免疫指标的变化及生存率。结果患者治疗后的CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4／CD8及NK较治疗前均降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。乳癌根治术56例,乳癌改良根治术占33．93％（19／56）。术后随访1年局控率达到75．O％（42／56）,1年生存率达到80．36％（45／56）,2年局控率达到21．43％（12／56）,2年生存率达到26．78％（15／56）,临床总有效率为76．78％（43／56）。结论乳腺癌中晚期患者乳癌根治术后放化疗对机体免疫力可造成一定的影响,治疗中应考虑其不良反应,针对性地采取相应治疗方案,以提高临床疗效。     

Targeting the subtypes of breast cancer: rethinking investigational drugs

Importance of the field: Antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens has increased worldwide leading to treatment failures. Concerns have been raised about the use of biocides as a contributing factor to the risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development. In vitro studies demonstrating increase in resistance have often been cited as evidence for increased risks. It is therefore important to understand the mechanisms of resistance employed by bacteria toward biocides used in consumer products and their potential to impart cross-resistance to therapeutic antibiotics.

Areas covered: In this review, the mechanisms of resistance and cross-resistance reported in the literature toward biocides commonly used in consumer products are summarized. The physiological and molecular techniques used in describing and examining these mechanisms are reviewed and application of these techniques for systematic assessment of biocides for their potential to develop resistance and/or cross-resistance is discussed.

Expert opinion: The guidelines in the usage of biocides in household or industrial purpose should be monitored and regulated to avoid the emergence of any MDR strains. The genetic and molecular methods to monitor the resistance development to biocides should be developed and included in preclinical and clinical studies.     

三阴性乳腺癌与非三阴性乳腺癌的超声特征对比分析

目的对比分析三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）和非三阴性乳腺癌（NTNBC）的超声和病理学特征差异。方法将135例经病理证实的乳腺癌患者根据术后免疫组织化学结果分为TNBC组和NTNBC组,对比分析两组患者病灶的超声表现及临床病理特征。结果 135例乳腺癌病例中,TNBC患者占26.67%,NTNBC患者占73.33%;TNBC组和NTNBC组腋窝淋巴结转移率分别为58.33%和40.40%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组浸润性导管癌和非浸润性导管癌的比例相似,两组间病理类型比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。TNBC组患者肿块边缘毛刺征、肿块内部微钙化及血流分级为Ⅱ～Ⅲ级者所占比例均明显低于NTNBC组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组肿块直径〉2cm者比例及肿块后方无回声衰减者比例差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 TNBC患者的淋巴结转移率高于NTNBC患者,且TNBC患者缺少毛刺征、微钙化、丰富的血流等典型的乳腺癌超声表现,诊断检测时应注意与良性肿块间的区别,以免漏诊。     

Phase II study of echinomycin in patients with advanced breast cancer: A report of cancer and leukemia group B protocol 8641

Summary Twenty-five women with advanced histologically documented stage IV recurrent or inoperable breast cancer were enrolled on a phase II study of echinomycin administered at a dose of 1.2 mg/m² intravenously over 30 minutes weekly for 4 weeks followed by a two week rest period. Seventy-six percent of patients had visceral dominant disease at study entry and all patients had previously received chemotherapy. One of 21 eligible patients had a partial response lasting 147 days. The median survival for this group of patients was 5.9 months and the median time to treatment failure was 1.7 months. Nausea and vomiting was the primary toxic effect and was severe or life-threatening in 43% of patients. Transient elevation of liver enzymes occurred in 30% of patients. Bone marrow suppression was not significant. Echinomycin as employed in this study did not demonstrate significant antitumor activity in previously treated patients with advanced breast cancer.     

Cytosolic xanthine oxidoreductase mediated bioactivation of ethanol to acetaldehyde and free radicals in rat breast tissue. Its potential role in alcohol-promoted mammary cancer

Epidemiological evidence links alcohol intake with increased risk in breast cancer. Not all the characteristics of the correlation can be explained in terms of changes in hormonal factors. In this work, we explore the possibility that alcohol were activated to acetaldehyde and free radicals in situ by xanthine dehydrogenase (XDh) and xanthine oxidase (XO) and/or aldehyde oxidase (AO). Incubation of cytosolic fraction with xanthine oxidoreductase (XDh+XO) (XOR) cosubstrates (e.g. NAD⁺, hypoxanthine, xanthine, caffeine, theobromine, theophylline or 1,7-dimethylxanthine) significantly enhanced the biotransformation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. The process was inhibited by allopurinol and not by pyrazole or benzoate or desferrioxamine and was not accompanied by detectable formation of 1HEt. However, hydroxylated aromatic derivatives of PBN were detected, suggesting either that hydroxyl free radicals might be formed or that XOR might catalyze aromatic hydroxylation of PBN. No bioactivation of ethanol to acetaldehyde was detectable when a cosubstrate of AO such as N-methylnicotinamide was included in cytosolic incubation mixtures. Results suggest that bioactivation of ethanol in situ to a carcinogen, such as acetaldehyde, and potentially to free radicals, might be involved in alcohol breast cancer induction. This might be the case, particularly also in cases of a high consumption of purine-rich food (e.g. meat) or beverages or soft drinks containing caffeine.     

Phase II study of mitozolomide (M & B 39,565) in colorectal and breast cancer

Summary Twenty-two patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) (12 without prior chemotherapy) and fourteen with pretreated breast cancer (BC) were given mitozolomide (MTZ), IV infusion, every six weeks. The starting dose was 90 mg/m². When it was well-tolerated, dose escalation was done up to 100–115 mg/m². Toxicity was mild, limited to thrombocytopenia with a median nadir of 1.27 × 10⁵ (0.20–4.86). No response was observed in these patients. MTZ, according to these schedule and dosage, does not show activity in human CRC and pretreated BC.