社区家庭健康教育护理责任制应用于糖尿病患者的效果评价

目的:探讨社区家庭健康教育护理责任制应用于糖尿病患者的效果。方法:某社区医院于2014年4月～2016年2月期间收治了73例符合标准的糖尿病患者,采用随机分配法将患者分为对照组和观察组,分别为36例、37例,给予对照组常规护理,观察组患者采用的护理模式为社区家庭健康教育护理责任制,评估两种护理模式的临床效果。结果:观察组患者健康知识知晓率、临床依从率、血糖控制率均要高于对照组,P0.05;观察组患者各项生活质量指标评分均要高于对照组,P0.05。结论:针对糖尿病患者,给予社区家庭健康教育护理责任制护理模式,能够让患者获取更多健康知识,增强临床依从性,改善生活指标,控制血糖水平,值得借鉴。     

社区老年糖尿病并发症患者的预防措施及护理

目的探讨预防性护理干预措施对社区老年糖尿病并发症的有效性。方法将我院收治的83例老年糖尿病患者按照随机分层法分为观察组和对照组,对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组给予预防性护理干预,观察两组血糖控制情况、并发症发生率及疾病相关知识知晓率。结果观察组护理后空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖水平及血糖控制优良率均优于对照组,P<0.05。观察组并发症发生率低于对照组,P<0.05。观察组自我护理及健康行为知晓率明显高于对照组,P<0.05。结论预防性护理干预能较好控制社区老年糖尿病患者的血糖水平,降低糖尿病并发症发生率,提高患者自我护理能力和健康行为的知晓率,在预防糖尿病并发症中具有重要的临床应用价值。     

社区健康教育在老年糖尿病及其家属护理中的作用

目的探讨社区健康教育护理模式对提高2型糖尿病(T2MD)患者健康知识知晓率及依从性的效果。方法根据随机数字表将98例老年T2MD患者分为对照组48例以及观察组50例,对照组给予常规性护理,观察组在常规护理基础上通过家庭访视、电话随访的方式进行社区健康教育,两组患者持续护理6个月后采用自行设计的调查问卷及糖尿病知识问卷(DKT)量表对两组患者依从性及健康知识掌握程度进行调查。结果观察组干预后后护理依从率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组家属干预后饮食方案、病情监测、运动锻炼、药物治疗、并发症管理等知识掌握率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对老年T2MD患者应用社区健康教育护理模式能有效提高患者对疾病知识的知晓率及依从性,有利于患者预后。     

社区护理模式在老年高血压病中的应用

目的探讨社区护理模式在老年高血压病中的应用效果。方法 2010年6月至2012年3月在我社区服务范围内的老年高血压病患者248例,按入院顺序分为观察组和对照组,各124例。对照组给予一般药物治疗和常规社区护理,观察组在一般药物治疗基础上采取社区护理模式,比较两组实施护理前后患者生活习惯、健康知识知晓率和遵医行为情况。结果实施护理后观察组吸烟率、饮酒率明显低于对照组,限盐率、控制体重率、适量运动率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义;观察组患者在高血压诊断标准、病因、危害、注意事项等方面知晓率明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义;观察组患者在按时服药、按量服药、定期复查、自测血压等方面明显好于对照组,差异有高度统计学意义。结论在一般药物治疗基础上实施社区护理干预可促使老年高血压病患者养成健康的生活习惯,促进患者及其家属掌握与健康有关的知识、态度和技能,提高遵医行为性。     

健康教育生命网管理对农村糖尿病患者生活质量的影响

目的 探讨实施健康教育生命网管理对糖尿病患者生活质量的影响.方法 240例患者随机分成对照组与观察组各120例,对照组给予常规治疗,观察组除给予常规治疗外,实施健康教育生命网管理.3个月、6个月后分别对2组患者糖尿病知识及各项生化指标进行比较.结果 经健康教育生命网管理后,观察组患者健康教育达标率、治疗顺应性均高于对照组,各项生化指标明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 对糖尿病患者实施健康教育生命网管理可提高其生活质量.     

临床糖尿病患者护理中延续护理实施的效果分析

目的探讨分析临床糖尿病患者护理中延续护理实施的效果。方法选取我院2013年4月至2014年4月收治的138例糖尿病出院患者,将其分成观察组(69例)和对照组(69例),给予观察组患者实施延续护理,给予对照组患者实施常规出院指导。对比分析两组患者3,6,9个月后的治疗依从性。结果观察组患者是6个月和9个月的饮食控制率、遵医用药率,低血糖处理率、体育锻炼率均高于对照组,两组差异对比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者糖尿病疾病知识了解率高于对照组,两组差异对比显著有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组9个月的并发症发生率低于对照组,两组差异对比显著有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在临床糖尿病患者护理中实施延续护理效果显著,能提高糖尿病患者自我管理意识和健康意识及治疗依从性,降低并发症发生率,值得临床推广和应用。     

糖尿病前期的社区管理及临床干预分析

目的研究和分析糖尿病前期社区管理及临床干预的效果。方法以辖区社区居民健康档案齐全的412例糖尿病患者为研究对象,对其实施规范前期社区管理和临床干预,对患者干预前后的遵医嘱行为、相关知识知晓率及主要临床指标进行比较分析。结果糖尿病患者实施系统前期社区管理及临床干预后,遵医嘱行为、相关知识知晓率及主要临床指标就较干预前有明显改善(P<0.05)。结论对糖尿病患者实施系统前期社区管理及干预,可有效提高患者自我护理能力和相关实施知晓率,对于有效控制血糖水平,减少糖尿病并发症的发展具有积极意义。     

对初诊糖尿病患者实施个体化健康教育的效果分析

目的：观察对糖尿病患者实施个体化健康教育的疗效。方法：选取初诊糖尿病患者92例,分为观察组和对照组,对照组按传统方法实施一般健康宣教,观察组针对不同患者给予针对性的个体化健康教育。结果：观察组与对照组比较,患者对糖尿病知识的知晓率明显提高,血糖控制状况良好。结论：个体化健康教育是初诊糖尿病患者掌握相关知识、控制血糖指标的最有效方式,也是提高患者的依从性和自我管理能力的最佳途径,从而提高糖尿病患者的生存质量,有效地预防糖尿病并发症。     

社区家庭健康教育护理责任制应用于糖尿病患者的效果分析

目的分析社区家庭健康教育护理责任制在糖尿病患者中的应用效果。方法选择2012年3月至2014年2月在该社区接受治疗的糖尿病患者200例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各100例。观察组采用社区家庭健康教育护理责任制模式护理,对照组给予常规社区护理,观察两组效果。结果观察组患者空腹血糖控制良好率高达97%（97/100）,而对照组患者空腹血糖控制良好率为79%（79/100）,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.924 6,P〈0.05）;观察组患者生活质量评分和满意度评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（t=18.524 7、11.709 8,P〈0.05）。结论社区家庭健康教育护理责任制有利于糖尿病患者维持血糖稳定,提高生活质量,受到患者及家属的一致好评。     

健康教育生命网管理对农村糖尿病患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨实施健康教育生命网管理对糖尿病患者生活质量的影响。方法 240例患者随机分成对照组与观察组各120例,对照组给予常规治疗,观察组除给予常规治疗外,实施健康教育生命网管理。3个月、6个月后分别对2组患者糖尿病知识及各项生化指标进行比较。结果经健康教育生命网管理后,观察组患者健康教育达标率、治疗顺应性均高于对照组,各项生化指标明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论对糖尿病患者实施健康教育生命网管理可提高其生活质量。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.